/home/ikeda/eclipse/workspace/macrophage/csml/ok/csml/12960230.csml - 2009.07.01.10:41

Original Literature	Model OverView
Publication Title Monocyte/macrophage traffic in HIV and SIV encephalitis. Authors Kim WK, Corey S, Alvarez X, Williams K. Affiliation Division of Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard MedicalSchool, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Abstract This short review focuses on the role of central nervous system (CNS)perivascular macrophages as targets of productive infection of the CNS. Datadiscussed include the importance of these cells as early targets of infectionand their productive infection with AIDS. Many of the immune molecules onperivascular macrophages are also found on subsets of bloodmonocyte/macrophages, some of which are expanded during human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV) infection. These observations paired with the known bone marrow (BM)origin of perivascular macrophages and the BM as a site of HIV infectionunderscore the importance of the study of monocyte populations in the BM andblood, which are activated and infected as a source of virus that enters theCNS. Data presented and discussed herein suggest a role of HIV-infectedBM-derived monocytes as "Trojan horse" cells that traffic to the CNS to becomeperivascular macrophages. The study of such cells including their timing ofinfection, activation, and traffic and the role of HIV-specific immune responsescontrolling their accumulation in the CNS warrant study with regard to CNSneuropathogenesis. PMID 12960230

Model Detail

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PCNA

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TRANSFAC

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383.0, 575.0

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CD14

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324.0, 435.0

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PMID: 12960230, 12163382 We have recently reported that CNS perivascular macrophages that are productively infected with SIV also strongly express the proliferation cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA). PMID: 12960230, 12163382, 7522384 In our studies, we demonstrated that expression of PNCA correlates well with SIV RNA in the same cell and that the cells that are PCNA-positive are not undergoing significant, detectable cell proliferation but are more likely undergoing DNA repair, a process that might be induced by viral infection.

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319.0, 591.0

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p10

cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression

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PMID: 12960230, 3276004, 8083615, 11596124 In addition to CD14 and CD45 markers used to differentiate between parenchymal microglia and perivascular macrophages, CD16, CD69, and human leukocyte antigen-DR are expressed on perivascular macrophages.

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p11

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Go back

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PMID: 12960230, 12163382, 7522384 In our studies, we demonstrated that expression of PNCA correlates well with SIV RNA in the same cell and that the cells that are PCNA-positive are not undergoing significant, detectable cell proliferation but are more likely undergoing DNA repair, a process that might be induced by viral infection.

Go back

324.0, 470.0

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cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression

cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm

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PMID: 12960230 Our group and others have found similar PCNA expression in the BM of HIVinfected humans and SIV-infected rhesus macaques in monocyte/ macrophage populations that are infected with HIV or SIV. PMID: 12960230, 7522384, 8888951 The frequency of BM macrophages in HIV infected patients significantly increases, as does PCNA expression in these infected cells.

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323.0, 502.0

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cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression

cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm

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PMID: 12960230, 8145026, 9241535 In vitro, macrophage-CSF and HIV-envelope gp120 mimic this immune activation, resulting in increased CD16 expression on CD14-positive monocytes.

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323.0, 537.0

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cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression

cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm

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PMID: 12960230, 8145026, 9241535 In vitro, macrophage-CSF and HIV-envelope gp120 mimic this immune activation, resulting in increased CD16 expression on CD14-positive monocytes.

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cso30:i:ME_Translation

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PMID: 12960230, 11704885, 7527738, 9731066 In addition, plasma and CSF levels of soluble CD14 (shed from activated monocytes) increase in HIV-infected patients and even more in patients with AIDS and dementia [45, 78, 87, 88], which indicates immune activation following HIV infection and AIDS and the potential usefulness of soluble CD14 levels to evaluate HIV dementia.

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383.0, 623.0

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cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression

cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm

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