PMID: 15069387, 11593030, 11500507 MD-2 is a secreted protein that may function by binding to LPS and to the extracellular domain of TLR4, where it facilitates LPS responsiveness.

PMID: 15069387, 9237759 Interaction of LPS with its receptor TLR4 triggers a complex signaling pathway that leads to the activation of transcription actors, such as nuclear factor- jB (NF-jB), which then induce the activation of the inflammatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8.

PMID: 15069387, 9237759 Interaction of LPS with its receptor TLR4 triggers a complex signaling pathway that leads to the activation of transcription actors, such as nuclear factor- jB (NF-jB), which then induce the activation of the inflammatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8.

PMID: 15069387 Toll-like receptor 2, in combination with TLR6 or TLR1, mediates responses to multiple other microbial pathogens.

PMID: 15069387 Toll-like receptor 2, in combination with TLR6 or TLR1, mediates responses to multiple other microbial pathogens.

PMID: 15069387, 10384090 Pathogen-associated molecular patterns of gram-positive organisms, such as peptidoglycan and lipopeptides, are recognized by TLR2.

PMID: 15069387, 10384090 Pathogen-associated molecular patterns of gram-positive organisms, such as peptidoglycan and lipopeptides, are recognized by TLR2.

PMID: 15069387, 10384090 Pathogen-associated molecular patterns of gram-positive organisms, such as peptidoglycan and lipopeptides, are recognized by TLR2.

PMID: 15069387, 10816537 LPS from Leptospira interogans30 and Porphyromonas gingivalis (periodontal disease) activates macrophages through TLR2.

PMID: 15069387, 11323673 Toll-like receptor 5 has been found to be the receptor for monomeric flagellin.

PMID: 15069387, 7568028 dsRNA is known to bind only intracellular targets, including the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR).

PMID: 15069387, 11593030, 11500507 MD-2 is a secreted protein that may function by binding to LPS and to the extracellular domain of TLR4, where it facilitates LPS responsiveness.

PMID: 15069387, 11607032, 12646618 Studies have shown that mammalian TLR3 recognizes dsRNA, and that activation of the receptor induces NF-kappaB and the production of type I IFNs.

PMID: 15069387, 11607032, 12646618 Studies have shown that mammalian TLR3 recognizes dsRNA, and that activation of the receptor induces NF-kappaB and the production of type I IFNs.

PMID: 15069387, 11607032, 12646618 Studies have shown that mammalian TLR3 recognizes dsRNA, and that activation of the receptor induces NF-kappaB and the production of type I IFNs.

PMID: 15069387, 11607032, 12646618 Studies have shown that mammalian TLR3 recognizes dsRNA, and that activation of the receptor induces NF-kappaB and the production of type I IFNs.

PMID: 15069387, 11062499 The innate immune response to fusion protein F of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is mediated by TLR4 and CD14.

PMID: 15069387, 11062499 The innate immune response to fusion protein F of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is mediated by TLR4 and CD14.

PMID: 15069387, 11470918 Toll-like receptor 9 has been shown to be the receptor for CpG DNA.

PMID: 15069387, 9237759 Pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition by TLRs in macrophages and antigen-presenting cells also leads to the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), which bind to CD28 on T lymphocytes to assist in antigen presentation.

PMID: 15069387, 9237759 Pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition by TLRs in macrophages and antigen-presenting cells also leads to the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), which bind to CD28 on T lymphocytes to assist in antigen presentation.

PMID: 15069387, 9237759 Pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition by TLRs in macrophages and antigen-presenting cells also leads to the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), which bind to CD28 on T lymphocytes to assist in antigen presentation.

PMID: 15069387 The adapter proteins MyD88 and TIRAP/MAL associate via TIRmediated interactions with the TLR, and initiate the formation of a signaling complex involving interleukinreceptor?associated kinases (IRAKs).

PMID: 15069387, 9237759 Pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition by TLRs in macrophages and antigen-presenting cells also leads to the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), which bind to CD28 on T lymphocytes to assist in antigen presentation.

PMID: 15069387 LPS- or CpGactivated dendritic cells produce IL-6.

PMID: 15069387, 12569171 a recent study found that pneumolysin, a pneumococcal virulence factor, is recognized by TLR4 and that this recognition confers resistance to pneumococcal infection.

PMID: 15069387, 9237759 Pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition by TLRs in macrophages and antigen-presenting cells also leads to the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), which bind to CD28 on T lymphocytes to assist in antigen presentation.

PMID: 15069387 Dendritic cell production of IL-12 shifts Th0 development towards Th1 differentiation.

PMID: 15069387 Dendritic cell production of IL-12 shifts Th0 development towards Th1 differentiation.

PMID: 15069387 Dendritic cell production of IL-12 shifts Th0 development towards Th1 differentiation.

PMID: 15069387 Dendritic cell production of IL-12 shifts Th0 development towards Th1 differentiation.

PMID: 15069387, 12646604 In vitro studies demonstrate that this polymorphism in TLR2 results in diminished TNF-a production in response toMtuberculosis andMleprae infection, providing a mechanistic explanation for the clinical findings.

12646604 In vitro studies demonstrate that this polymorphism in TLR2 results in diminished TNF-a production in response toMtuberculosis andMleprae infection, providing a mechanistic explanation for the clinical findings.

PMID: 15069387 The adapter proteins MyD88 and TIRAP/MAL associate via TIRmediated interactions with the TLR, and initiate the formation of a signaling complex involving interleukinreceptor?associated kinases (IRAKs).

PMID: 15069387 an alternative TLR-signaling pathway that leads to the production of the antiviral cytokine IFN-b has been reported in mice.

PMID: 15069387 an alternative TLR-signaling pathway that leads to the production of the antiviral cytokine IFN-b has been reported in mice.

PMID: 15069387 TLR4 triggers a complex signaling pathway that leads to the activation of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor- jB (NF-kappaB).

PMID: 15069387 TLR4 triggers a complex signaling pathway that leads to the activation of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor- jB (NF-kappaB).

PMID: 15069387 Toll-like receptors share a common activation pathway mediated through their TIR signaling domains, resulting in the nuclear translocation and activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB.

PMID: 15069387, 9237759 Interaction of LPS with its receptor TLR4 triggers a complex signaling pathway that leads to the activation of transcription actors, such as nuclear factor- jB (NF-jB), which then induce the activation of the inflammatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8.

PMID: 15069387, 9237759 Interaction of LPS with its receptor TLR4 triggers a complex signaling pathway that leads to the activation of transcription actors, such as nuclear factor- jB (NF-jB), which then induce the activation of the inflammatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8.