_enti_e7
_enti_e8
_enti_e1
_enti_e9
_enti_e10
_enti_e4
_enti_e2
_enti_e3
_enti_e55
_enti_e59
_enti_e53
_enti_e54
_enti_e51
_enti_e56
_enti_e50
_enti_e52
_enti_e58
_enti_e57
_enti_e61
_enti_e62
_enti_e60
g2_fact_g2
g2_fact_g12
g2_fact_g13
g1_fact_g14
g1_fact_g1
p1_propro_p1
PMID: 15886091
TLR signaling induces a significant change in the phenotype of DCs, referred to as DC maturation.
PMID: 15886091
This process is characterized by enhanced expression of co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)peptide complexes, and increased secretion of cytokines necessary for activation and polarization of naive T cells (i.e. T cells that have never responded to antigen).
c1 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c12 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c13 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
p2_propro_p2
PMID: 15886091, 11607032
TLR3 is an endosomal Toll-like receptor that recognizes double-stranded (ds) RNA [11], a by-product of most viral infections.
c2 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c3 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c4 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p3_propro_p3
PMID: 15886091
This process is characterized by enhanced expression of co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)peptide complexes, and increased secretion of cytokines necessary for activation and polarization of naive T cells (i.e. T cells that have never responded to antigen).
c6 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c7 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c5 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p4_propro_p4
PMID: 15886091
This process is characterized by enhanced expression of co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)peptide complexes, and increased secretion of cytokines necessary for activation and polarization of naive T cells (i.e. T cells that have never responded to antigen).
c10 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c8 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p5_propro_p5
PMID: 15886091
This process is characterized by enhanced expression of co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)peptide complexes, and increased secretion of cytokines necessary for activation and polarization of naive T cells (i.e. T cells that have never responded to antigen).
c11 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c9 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p6_propro_p6
PMID: 15886091
The viral dsRNA contained within the apoptotic bodies is recognized by endosomal TLR3, inducing NFkappaB activation and DC maturation.
c14 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c16 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c15 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p7_propro_p7
PMID: 15886091
The viral dsRNA contained within the apoptotic bodies is recognized by endosomal TLR3, inducing NFkappaB activation and DC maturation
PMID: 15886091
DC maturation and cross-priming can be enhanced by type I IFN released by infected cells.
PMID: 15886091, 15711573
In a recent paper published in Nature [10], the group of Reis e Sousa has shed some light on this issue and elegantly demonstrated that signaling via TLR3 promotes cross-priming of virus-specific T-cell responses by ensuring the maturation of immature CD8alpha+ DCs that have taken up apoptotic bodies from virus-infected cells.
c17 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c20 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
p8_propro_p8
PMID: 15886091
DC maturation and cross-priming can be enhanced by type I IFN released by infected cells.
c18 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c19 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p9_propro_p9
PMID: 15886091
In the case of viruses capable of infecting DCs, a TLR-independent recognition of dsRNA occurs. It has been shown that PKR and RNAseL are involved in this alternative pathway, which may synergize with TLR3 signaling.
c21 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c22 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c23 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p10_propro_p10
PMID: 15886091
In the case of viruses capable of infecting DCs, a TLR-independent recognition of dsRNA occurs. It has been shown that PKR and RNAseL are involved in this alternative pathway, which may synergize with TLR3 signaling.
c24 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c25 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c26 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p11_propro_p11
PMID: 15886091, 15711573
As TLR3 is predominantly expressed in CD8α+ DCs in mice, Reis e Sousa and colleagues [10] set out to investigate whether recognition of dsRNA in apoptotic bodies from virus-infected cells allows CD8α+ DCs to prime an immune response to viruses that are unable to infect DCs directly. CD8alpha+ DCs underwent phenotypic maturation and secreted inflammatory cytokines when exposed to apoptotic cells loaded with dsRNA but not to unloaded controls.
c27 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c29 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c28 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
TLR3_enti_MO000019398
TLR3
dsRNA:TLR3_enti_MO000041446
dsRNA:TLR3
dsRNA_enti_MO000022224
dsRNA
dsRNA:PKR_enti_MO000022225
dsRNA:PKR
PKR_enti_MO000008179
PKR
TLR ligand: TLR_enti_e5
TLR ligand: TLR
cytokine_enti_e6
cytokine
cytokines_enti_MO000019387
cytokines
MHC_enti_G010240
MHC
genes of co-stimulatory molecules_enti_e11
genes of co-stimulatory molecules
NF-kappaB_enti_MO000000058
NF-kappaB
NF-kappaB {activated}_enti_e12
NF-kappaB {activated}
IFN Type I_enti_e13
IFN Type I
IFN Type I_enti_MO000016658
IFN Type I
RNASEL_enti_MO000061281
RNASEL
dsRNA: RNASEL_enti_e14
dsRNA: RNASEL