_enti_e7
_enti_e8
_enti_e1
_enti_e9
_enti_e10
_enti_e3
_enti_e4
_enti_e2
_enti_e55
_enti_e6
_enti_e53
_enti_e59
_enti_e11
_enti_e5
_enti_e52
_enti_e56
_enti_e54
_enti_e50
_enti_e51
_enti_e61
_enti_e58
_enti_e57
_enti_e60
_enti_e62
g2_fact_g2
g1_fact_g1
g1_fact_g14
g2_fact_g12
g2_fact_g13
g1_fact_g3
p1_propro_p1
PMID: 17276732
TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
c1 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c2 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c3 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p2_propro_p2
PMID: 17276732
TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
c4 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c5 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c6 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p3_propro_p3
PMID: 17276732
TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
c10 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c11 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c12 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p4_propro_p4
PMID: 17276732
TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
c7 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c8 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c9 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p5_propro_p5
PMID: 17276732
TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
c13 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c14 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c15 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p6_propro_p6
PMID: 17276732
TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
c16 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c17 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c18 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p7_propro_p7
PMID: 17276732, 15001781, 15860593
Murine TLR11 recognizes a protozoan profilin-like protein and uropathogenic bacteria.
c19 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c20 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c21 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p8_propro_p8
PMID: 17276732, 15728506
MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
c22 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c23 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c24 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p9_propro_p9
PMID: 17276732, 15728506
MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
c25 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c26 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c27 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p10_propro_p10
PMID: 17276732, 15728506
MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
c28 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c29 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c30 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p11_propro_p11
PMID: 17276732, 11812998
The imidazoquinolines, which currently include imiquimod and resisquimod, are routinely used to treat genital warts and genital herpes, which are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and HSV, respectively. Imiquimod stimulates cells via TLR7 and resisquimod via both TLR7 and TLR8.
c31 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c32 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c33 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p12_propro_p12
PMID: 17276732, 15728506
MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
c40 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c41 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c42 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p13_propro_p13
PMID: 17276732, 15728506
MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
c37 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c38 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c39 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p14_propro_p14
PMID: 17276732, 15728506
MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
c34 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c35 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c36 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p15_propro_p15
PMID: 17276732, 15728506
MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
c43 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c44 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c45 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p16_propro_p16
PMID: 17276732
TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
c46 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c47 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c48 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p17_propro_p17
PMID: 17276732, 15728506
MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
c50 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c49 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c51 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p18_propro_p18
PMID: 17276732, 11812998
The imidazoquinolines, which currently include imiquimod and resisquimod, are routinely used to treat genital warts and genital herpes, which are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and HSV, respectively. Imiquimod stimulates cells via TLR7 and resisquimod via both TLR7 and TLR8.
c52 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c53 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c54 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p19_propro_p19
PMID: 17276732, 16675322
Similar to MyD88TIRAP complex, TRIF associates directly with TLR3 and indirectly with TLR4 through TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM).
c55 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c56 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c57 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p20_propro_p20
PMID: 17276732, 16675322
Similar to MyD88TIRAP complex, TRIF associates directly with TLR3 and indirectly with TLR4 through TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM).
c58 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c59 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c60 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p21_propro_p21
PMID: 17276732, 16675322
Similar to MyD88TIRAP complex, TRIF associates directly with TLR3 and indirectly with TLR4 through TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM).
c61 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c62 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c63 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p22_propro_p22
PMID: 17276732
Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
c64 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c66 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c68 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p23_propro_p23
PMID: 17276732
Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
c65 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c67 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c69 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p24_propro_p24
PMID: 17276732
Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
c72 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c75 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c70 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p25_propro_p25
PMID: 17276732
Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
c73 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c74 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c71 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p26_propro_p26
PMID: 17276732
Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
c82 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c87 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c78 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p27_propro_p27
PMID: 17276732
Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
c81 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c86 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c77 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p28_propro_p28
PMID: 17276732
Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
c80 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c84 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c76 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p29_propro_p29
PMID: 17276732
Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
c83 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c85 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c79 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p30_propro_p30
PMID: 17276732
Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
c88 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c98 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c89 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p31_propro_p31
PMID: 17276732
Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
c90 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c99 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c91 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p32_propro_p32
PMID: 17276732
Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
c92 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c100 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c93 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p33_propro_p33
PMID: 17276732
Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
c94 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c101 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c95 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p34_propro_p34
PMID: 17276732
Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
c96 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c102 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c97 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p35_propro_p35
PMID: 17276732
The MyD88-dependent signaling pathway induces translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) into the nucleus, resulting in the transcription of immune genes.
c103 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c105 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c104 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p36_propro_p36
PMID: 17276732
The outcomes of the NF-kappaB-mediated transcription include the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and the induction of direct antimicrobial mechanisms.
c106 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c108 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c107 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p37_propro_p37
PMID: 17276732
By contrast, the TRIF-mediated pathway, which is commonly known as the MyD88-independent pathway, results in the activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), leading to the transcription of type 1 interferons (IFNs).
c109 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c114 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c110 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p38_propro_p38
PMID: 17276732
By contrast, the TRIF-mediated pathway, which is commonly known as the MyD88-independent pathway, results in the activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), leading to the transcription of type 1 interferons (IFNs).
c111 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c113 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c112 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p39_propro_p39
PMID: 17276732
By contrast, the TRIF-mediated pathway, which is commonly known as the MyD88-independent pathway, results in the activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), leading to the transcription of type 1 interferons (IFNs).
c115 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c116 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c117 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p40_propro_p40
PMID: 17276732
Although it is clear that TLR activation results in the expression of antimicrobial peptides, especially human defensin beta4 (DEFB4), little is known about the TLR-induced direct antimicrobial functions in epithelial cells.
c121 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c122 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p41_propro_p41
PMID: 17276732
Although it is clear that TLR activation results in the expression of antimicrobial peptides, especially human defensin beta4 (DEFB4), little is known about the TLR-induced direct antimicrobial functions in epithelial cells.
c118 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c119 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c120 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p42_propro_p42
PMID: 17276732, 12411706
DEFB4 can also induce dendritic-cell activation and maturation in a TLR4-dependent manner.
c124 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c123 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c125 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p43_propro_p43
PMID: 17276732, 12411706
DEFB4 can also induce dendritic-cell activation and maturation in a TLR4-dependent manner.
c126 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
p44_propro_p44
PMID: 17276732, 10426995
In 1999, it was demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by its ligand, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived 19-kDa lipoprotein, resulted in the activation of host-defense mechanisms from monocytes and macrophages, including the secretion of cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity.
PMID: 17276732
This was shown by using iNOS inhibitors l-NIL and l-NAME, which could ablate the TLR2-mediated antimicrobial activity in murine cells, but had no effect on human cells.
c128 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c131 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c146 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c148 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c127 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p45_propro_p45
PMID: 17276732, 10426995
In 1999, it was demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by its ligand, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived 19-kDa lipoprotein, resulted in the activation of host-defense mechanisms from monocytes and macrophages, including the secretion of cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity.
c129 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c132 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c130 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p46_propro_p46
PMID: 17276732, 10426995
In 1999, it was demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by its ligand, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived 19-kDa lipoprotein, resulted in the activation of host-defense mechanisms from monocytes and macrophages, including the secretion of cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity.
PMID: 17276732
This was shown by using iNOS inhibitors l-NIL and l-NAME, which could ablate the TLR2-mediated antimicrobial activity in murine cells, but had no effect on human cells.
c134 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c147 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c149 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c171 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c136 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p47_propro_p47
PMID: 17276732, 10426995
In 1999, it was demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by its ligand, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived 19-kDa lipoprotein, resulted in the activation of host-defense mechanisms from monocytes and macrophages, including the secretion of cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity.
c133 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c137 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c135 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p48_propro_p48
PMID: 17276732, 12960280
Although most mammals have multiple cathelicidin family members, humans have only one type of cathelicidin, which is encoded by the hCAP18 gene.
c139 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c138 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p49_propro_p49
PMID; 17276732, 11389039
Human cathelicidin is stored as a 17-kDa pre-propeptide or cationic antimicrobial peptide (hCAP-18) in secretory granules, and is then processed into a mature 5-kDa form (LL-37) by protease-3 during or after secretion.
c140 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c142 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c141 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p50_propro_p50
PMID: 17276732, 16083775
In addition, some of the DEFB members function as chemoattractants for neutrophils, immature dendritic cells and memory T cells through interaction with chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6 (CCR-6).
c143 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c144 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c145 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p51_propro_p51
PMID: 17276732, 16497887
However, it was recently demonstrated that TLR activation in human monocytes results in the expression of the vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and the 1alpha-vitamin D hydroxylase (Cyp27B1).
c151 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c150 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p52_propro_p52
PMID: 17276732, 16497887
However, it was recently demonstrated that TLR activation in human monocytes results in the expression of the vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and the 1alpha-vitamin D hydroxylase (Cyp27B1).
c153 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c152 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p53_propro_p53
PMID: 17276732
The gene product of Cyp27B1 converts inactive vitamin D3 prohormone (25D3) into its active form (1,25D3), which can then bind to and activate the VDR.
c154 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c155 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c156 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p54_propro_p54
PMID: 17276732
The gene product of Cyp27B1 converts inactive vitamin D3 prohormone (25D3) into its active form (1,25D3), which can then bind to and activate the VDR.
c157 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c158 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c159 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p55_propro_p55
PMID: 17276732
Activation of the VDR in monocytes results in the expression of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in its active LL-37 form.
c163 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c161 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p56_propro_p56
PMID: 17276732
The gene product of Cyp27B1 converts inactive vitamin D3 prohormone (25D3) into its active form (1,25D3), which can then bind to and activate the VDR.
c160 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c162 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p57_propro_p57
PMID: 17276732
Interestingly, the ability of TLR2TLR1 activation to induce cathelicidin mRNA expression depends on adequate 25D3 concentrations in the serum that is used to culture the cells.
c165 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c166 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c164 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p59_propro_p59
PMID: 17276732, 9632843, 14749681
There is evidence that iNOS gene expression is regulated by the VDR in both species.
c173 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c174 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c167 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c168 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c172 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p58_propro_p58
PMID: 17276732, 16040207, 14550285
Furthermore, VDR activation was demonstrated to downregulate transcription of TrpAsp-containing coat protein (TACO) [45], which has a role in M. tuberculosis entry and survival in human macrophages.
c170 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c169 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p61_propro_p61
PMID: 17276732, 15728506, 15634923
Stimulation of UECs with dsRNA upregulates mRNA expression of antiviral genes IFN-beta, myxovirus resistance gene [1] and 2′,5′ olioadenylate.
c177 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c175 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p62_propro_p62
PMID: 17276732, 16982913
Also in 2006, it was demonstrated that TLR3 activation on human fetal astrocytes results in an antiviral state that arises from the TLR3-dependent induction of viperin (also known as cig5) against a pseudotyped HIV particle.
c180 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c181 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c179 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p60_propro_p60
PMID: 17276732, 15728506, 15634923
Stimulation of UECs with dsRNA upregulates mRNA expression of antiviral genes IFN-beta, myxovirus resistance gene [1] and 2′,5′ olioadenylate.
c178 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c176 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p63_propro_p63
PMID: 17276732
In 2001, the 1,25D3-induced antimicrobial activity was reported to be regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and mediated by the generation of oxygen intermediates via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent phagocyte oxidase.
c182 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c184 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c183 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p64_propro_p64
PMID: 17276732, 16116638
Another TLR7 agonist, isatoribine, is effective against hepatitis C.
c185 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c186 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c187 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p65_propro_p65
PMID: 17276732, 16763660
However, a class of TLR9-stimulating CpG oligonucleotides is currently undergoing human clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis B [54] and, if successful, it can yield a new class of antiviral therapeutic compounds.
c188 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c189 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c190 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p66_propro_p66
PMID: 17276732, 16497887, 16402404
Both vitamin D3 and vitamin A derivatives, such as 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and all-trans retinoic acid, decrease cell surface expression of TLRs and dampen their function.
c192 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c193 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c191 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p67_propro_p67
PMID: 17276732
The intracellular pool of 25D3 is shuttled into the cell via the vitamin D binding protein (DBP).
c194 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c195 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p68_propro_p68
PMID: 17276732
The intracellular pool of 25D3 is shuttled into the cell via the vitamin D binding protein (DBP).
c196 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c197 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
c198 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
TLR4_enti_MO000019394
TLR4
TLRs_enti_MO000019395
TLRs
TLR3_enti_MO000019398
TLR3
TLR5_enti_MO000019399
TLR5
dsRNA:TLR3_enti_MO000041446
dsRNA:TLR3
TLR8_enti_MO000042007
TLR8
TLR9_enti_MO000042012
TLR9
TLR7_enti_MO000042126
TLR7
flagellin_enti_MO000022185
flagellin
dsRNA_enti_MO000022224
dsRNA
MyD88_enti_MO000016573
MyD88
LPS_enti_MO000016882
LPS
LPS: TLR4_enti_e12
LPS: TLR4
diacylated lipoprotein_enti_e13
diacylated lipoprotein
triacylated lipoprotein_enti_MO000017793
triacylated lipoprotein
TLR2: TLR1_enti_e14
TLR2: TLR1
TLR2: TLR6_enti_e15
TLR2: TLR6
TRAM_enti_MO000041132
TRAM
triacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR1_enti_e16
triacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR1
diacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR6_enti_e17
diacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR6
flagellin: TLR5_enti_e18
flagellin: TLR5
TRIF_enti_MO000041125
TRIF
MAL_enti_MO000068831
MAL
IRF-7_enti_MO000007702
IRF-7
IRF-5_enti_MO000007700
IRF-5
IFNbeta_enti_MO000016660
IFNbeta
IFN-beta_enti_G010228
IFN-beta
ssRNA_enti_e19
ssRNA
ssRNA: TLR8_enti_e20
ssRNA: TLR8
TLR11_enti_MO000042130
TLR11
protozoan profilin-like protein_enti_e21
protozoan profilin-like protein
protozoan profilin-like protein: TLR11_enti_e22
protozoan profilin-like protein: TLR11
triacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR1: MAL_enti_e23
triacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR1: MAL
diacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR6: MAL_enti_e24
diacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR6: MAL
LPS: TLR4: MAL_enti_e25
LPS: TLR4: MAL
imidazoquinolines_enti_e26
imidazoquinolines
imidazoquinolines: TLR7_enti_e27
imidazoquinolines: TLR7
triacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR1: MAL: MyD88_enti_e28
triacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR1: MAL: MyD88
diacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR6: MAL: MyD88_enti_e29
diacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR6: MAL: MyD88
imidazoquinolines: TLR7: MyD88_enti_e30
imidazoquinolines: TLR7: MyD88
LPS: TLR4: MAL: MyD88_enti_e31
LPS: TLR4: MAL: MyD88
unmethylated DNA_enti_e32
unmethylated DNA
unmethylated DNA: TLR9_enti_e33
unmethylated DNA: TLR9
unmethylated DNA: TLR9: MyD88_enti_e34
unmethylated DNA: TLR9: MyD88
imidazoquinolines: TLR8_enti_e35
imidazoquinolines: TLR8
dsRNA: TLR3: TRIF_enti_e36
dsRNA: TLR3: TRIF
LPS: TLR4: MAL_enti_e37
LPS: TLR4: MAL
LPS: TLR4: MAL: TRIF_enti_e38
LPS: TLR4: MAL: TRIF
ssRNA: TLR8: MyD88_enti_e39
ssRNA: TLR8: MyD88
imidazoquinolines: TLR8: MyD88_enti_e40
imidazoquinolines: TLR8: MyD88
IFNalpha_enti_e41
IFNalpha
IFNalpha_enti_e42
IFNalpha
IRF-5 {activated}_enti_e43
IRF-5 {activated}
IRF-7 {activated}_enti_e44
IRF-7 {activated}
NF-kappaB_enti_MO000000058
NF-kappaB
NF-kappaB {nucleus}_enti_e45
NF-kappaB {nucleus}
cytokines_enti_e46
cytokines
cytokines_enti_MO000019387
cytokines
IRF-3_enti_MO000007694
IRF-3
IRF-3 {activated}_enti_e47
IRF-3 {activated}
IFN Type I_enti_e48
IFN Type I
IFN Type I_enti_MO000016658
IFN Type I
DEFB4_enti_G024948
DEFB4
TLR ligand_enti_e49
TLR ligand
TLR ligand: TLR_enti_e63
TLR ligand: TLR
DEFB4_enti_MO000063808
DEFB4
DEFB4: TLR4_enti_e64
DEFB4: TLR4
iNOS_enti_G010514
iNOS
iNOS_enti_MO000021201
iNOS
pre-propeptide/hCAP-18_enti_MO000079001
pre-propeptide/hCAP-18
CAP18(h)_enti_e65
CAP18(h)
LL-37_enti_e66
LL-37
protease-3_enti_e67
protease-3
CCR6_enti_MO000019959
CCR6
DEFB_enti_e68
DEFB
DEFB: CCR6_enti_e69
DEFB: CCR6
L-NAME_enti_e70
L-NAME
L-NIL_enti_e71
L-NIL
VDR_enti_G010808
VDR
CYP27B1_enti_G026913
CYP27B1
VDR_enti_e72
VDR
product of CYP27B1_enti_e73
product of CYP27B1
25D3_enti_e74
25D3
1, 25D3_enti_e75
1, 25D3
1, 25D3: VDR_enti_e76
1, 25D3: VDR
1, 25D3: VDR_enti_e77
1, 25D3: VDR
CAMP_enti_G022435
CAMP
TACO_enti_e78
TACO
myxovirus resistance gene_enti_e79
myxovirus resistance gene
RSAD2_enti_e81
RSAD2
viperin_enti_G022145
viperin
2', 5' oligoadenylate synthetase_enti_e80
2', 5' oligoadenylate synthetase
oxygen intermediates_enti_e82
oxygen intermediates
NADPH-dependent phagocytic oxidase_enti_e83
NADPH-dependent phagocytic oxidase
isatoribine_enti_e84
isatoribine
isatoribine: TLR7_enti_e85
isatoribine: TLR7
CpG oligonucleotides_enti_e86
CpG oligonucleotides
CpG oligonucleotides: TLR9_enti_e87
CpG oligonucleotides: TLR9
TLR_enti_e88
TLR
1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3_enti_e89
1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
trans retinoic acid_enti_e90
trans retinoic acid
DBP: 25D3 {intracellular}_enti_e91
DBP: 25D3 {intracellular}
DBP: 25D3_enti_e92
DBP: 25D3
DBP_enti_MO000036915
DBP