PMID:11367531 Prostanoids are generated enzymatically from arachidonic acid released from phospholipids in the cellular membranes.

PMID:11367531, 3116090, 2208809 In isolated KC, C5a alone did not induce IL-6 synthesis, but synergistically enhanced the LPS-dependent IL-6 synthesis both on the mRNA and on the protein level, again demonstrating the different roles of distinct inflammatory mediators in the regulation of liver-specific effector functions. In monocytes and macrophages of peripheral blood C5a has also been described to induce IL-6-, IL-1b- and TNFarelease either alone or in combination with other proinflammatory agents such as LPS.

PMID: 11367531 In contrast to its role in IL-6 synthesis, C5a induced the expression of both IL-1b- and TNFa-mRNA but not of IL-1b- and TNFa-protein.

PMID: 11367531 In contrast to its role in IL-6 synthesis, C5a induced the expression of both IL-1b- and TNFa-mRNA but not of IL-1b- and TNFa-protein.

PMID: 11367531,3116090, 2208809 In monocytes and macrophages of peripheral blood C5a has also been described to induce IL-6-, IL-1b- and TNFarelease either alone or in combination with other proinflammatory agents such as LPS.

PMID: 11367531,3116090, 2208809 In monocytes and macrophages of peripheral blood C5a has also been described to induce IL-6-, IL-1b- and TNFarelease either alone or in combination with other proinflammatory agents such as LPS.

PMID: 11367531,3116090, 2208809 In monocytes and macrophages of peripheral blood C5a has also been described to induce IL-6-, IL-1b- and TNFarelease either alone or in combination with other proinflammatory agents such as LPS.

PMID: 11367531, 10422197 While type-1 acute phase proteins are mainly induced by IL-1b and TNFa, type-2 acute phase proteins are predominantly induced by IL-6

PMID: 11367531,3116090, 2208809 In monocytes and macrophages of peripheral blood C5a has also been described to induce IL-6-, IL-1b- and TNFarelease either alone or in combination with other proinflammatory agents such as LPS.

PMID: 11367531,3116090, 2208809 In monocytes and macrophages of peripheral blood C5a has also been described to induce IL-6-, IL-1b- and TNFarelease either alone or in combination with other proinflammatory agents such as LPS.

PMID: 11367531, 10422197 While type-1 acute phase proteins are mainly induced by IL-1b and TNFa, type-2 acute phase proteins are predominantly induced by IL-6

PMID: 11367531, 8244278, 7556629 Native human C3a [43] as well as rrC5a [44] rapidly induced prostanoid release from KC. After stimulation with rrC5a, KC not only released predominantly PGD2 and TXA2, but also PGF2¦Á and PGE2.

PMID: 11367531 TNF-alpha binds its corresponding receptor

PMID:11367531 IL-1beta binds its corresponding receptor.

PMID: 11367531 IL-6 binds its respective receptor.

PMID: 11367531, 10422197 While type-1 acute phase proteins are mainly induced by IL-1b and TNFa, type-2 acute phase proteins are predominantly induced by IL-6

PMID: 11367531 How- 2 ever, the conditioned media of KC, which had been treated with C5a and LPS, enhanced the expression of a -macroglobulin mRNA significantly more than 2 conditioned media of KC, which had been treated with LPS alone

PMID: 11367531 How- 2 ever, the conditioned media of KC, which had been treated with C5a and LPS, enhanced the expression of a -macroglobulin mRNA significantly more than 2 conditioned media of KC, which had been treated with LPS alone

PMID: 11367531, 7836770, 9464274 The intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, a major trigger of inflammation, increased C5aR mRNA expression in various organs of mouse and ratincluding the liver.

PMID: 11367531, 10799912 It could be shown that in vivo treatment of rats with IL-6 led to a time-dependent expression of C5aR mRNA with a maximum between 4 and 8 h and of C5aR protein 8?10 h after IL-6 treatment

PMID: 11367531, 10799912 It could be shown that in vivo treatment of rats with IL-6 led to a time-dependent expression of C5aR mRNA with a maximum between 4 and 8 h and of C5aR protein 8?10 h after IL-6 treatment

PMID: 11367531, 7556629, 9742932 The de novo expressed receptors were functional, since in HC from IL-6-treated rats C5a directly activated glycogen phosphorylase; in contrast it acted indirectly on HC from control animals via prostanoids released from C5aR expressing KC or HSC.

PMID: 11367531, 9272704, 9464523 Receptors for C5a ?C5aRrCD88. have been cloned in various species including rat,man and mouse.

PMID: 11367531, 7541417, 7540650 This is supported by the findings that, in the C5aR expressing tumor cells, HepG2 C5a induced the acute phase proteins a -an- 1 titrypsin and a -antichymotrypsin and repressed the 1 negative acute phase proteins albumin and transferrin

PMID: 11367531, 7541417, 7540650 This is supported by the findings that, in the C5aR expressing tumor cells, HepG2 C5a induced the acute phase proteins a -an- 1 titrypsin and a -antichymotrypsin and repressed the 1 negative acute phase proteins albumin and transferrin

PMID: 11367531, 7541417, 7540650 This is supported by the findings that, in the C5aR expressing tumor cells, HepG2 C5a induced the acute phase proteins a -an- 1 titrypsin and a -antichymotrypsin and repressed the 1 negative acute phase proteins albumin and transferrin

PMID: 11367531, 7541417, 7540650 This is supported by the findings that, in the C5aR expressing tumor cells, HepG2 C5a induced the acute phase proteins a -an- 1 titrypsin and a -antichymotrypsin and repressed the 1 negative acute phase proteins albumin and transferrin

PMID: 11367531 The anaphylatoxin C5a is generated by limited proteolysis from the N-terminus of the alpha-chain of the fifth component of complement, C5

PMID: 11367531, 8244278, 7556629 Native human C3a [43] as well as rrC5a [44] rapidly induced prostanoid release from KC.

PMID: 11367531 The C5aR is a G-protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane segments (seven TMS receptors) belonging to the rhodopsin family and acting via an increase in intracellular inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and intracellular Ca2+.

PMID: 11367531 The C5aR is a G-protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane segments (seven TMS receptors) belonging to the rhodopsin family and acting via an increase in intracellular inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and intracellular Ca2+.

PMID: 11367531, 8244278, 7556629 Native human C3a [43] as well as rrC5a [44] rapidly induced prostanoid release from KC.

PMID: 11367531, 8244278, 7556629 Native human C3a [43] as well as rrC5a [44] rapidly induced prostanoid release from KC. After stimulation with rrC5a, KC not only released predominantly PGD2 and TXA2, but also PGF2¦Á and PGE2.

PMID: 11367531, 8244278, 7556629 Native human C3a [43] as well as rrC5a [44] rapidly induced prostanoid release from KC.

PMID: 11367531, 8244278, 7556629 Native human C3a [43] as well as rrC5a [44] rapidly induced prostanoid release from KC. After stimulation with rrC5a, KC not only released predominantly PGD2 and TXA2, but also PGF2¦Á and PGE2.

PMID: 11367531, 8244278, 7556629 Native human C3a [43] as well as rrC5a [44] rapidly induced prostanoid release from KC. After stimulation with rrC5a, KC not only released predominantly PGD2 and TXA2, but also PGF2¦Á and PGE2.

PMID: 11367531, 8244278, 7556629 Native human C3a [43] as well as rrC5a [44] rapidly induced prostanoid release from KC.

PMID: 11367531, 8281925 After the application of zymosan, prostanoid release was initiated as fast as after stimulation with rrC5a, but the maximum was only reached after 10?30 min [46 and 47].

PMID: 11367531, 8281925 After the application of zymosan, prostanoid release was initiated as fast as after stimulation with rrC5a, but the maximum was only reached after 10?30 min [46 and 47].

PMID: 11367531, 8281925 After the application of zymosan, prostanoid release was initiated as fast as after stimulation with rrC5a, but the maximum was only reached after 10?30 min [46 and 47].

PMID: 11367531, 8281925 After the application of zymosan, prostanoid release was initiated as fast as after stimulation with rrC5a, but the maximum was only reached after 10?30 min [46 and 47].

PMID: 11357531, 2390987 In contrast, prostanoid release induced by LPS was measurable only after 3?5 h [46 and 48].

PMID: 11357531, 2390987 In contrast, prostanoid release induced by LPS was measurable only after 3?5 h [46 and 48].

PMID: 11357531, 2390987 In contrast, prostanoid release induced by LPS was measurable only after 3?5 h [46 and 48].

PMID: 11367531 LPS binds its receptor TLR.

PMID: 11357531, 2390987 In contrast, prostanoid release induced by LPS was measurable only after 3?5 h [46 and 48].

PMID: 11367531, 2170121 LPS is known to induce the synthesis of these proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, Il-1beta and TNF-alpha) in KC

PMID: 11367531, 2170121 LPS is known to induce the synthesis of these proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, Il-1beta and TNF-alpha) in KC

PMID: 11367531, 2170121 LPS is known to induce the synthesis of these proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, Il-1beta and TNF-alpha) in KC

PMID:11367531 In isolated KC, C5a alone did not induce IL-6 synthesis, but synergistically enhanced the LPS-dependent IL-6 synthesis both on the mRNA and on the protein level, again demonstrating the different roles of distinct inflammatory mediators in the regulation of liver-specific effector functions.