Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Multiple signaling pathways leading to the activation of interferon regulatoryfactor 3.
Affiliation
Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish GeneralHospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste., Catherine Montreal, Que., Canada.
Abstract
Virus infection of susceptible cells activates multiple signaling pathways thatorchestrate the activation of genes, such as cytokines, involved in theantiviral and innate immune response. Among the kinases induced are themitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, Jun-amino terminal kinases (JNK) andp38, the IkappaB kinase (IKK) and DNA-PK. In addition, virus infection alsoactivates an uncharacterized VAK responsible for the C-terminal phosphorylationand subsequent activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3).Virus-mediated activation of IRF-3 through VAK is dependent on viral entry andtranscription, since replication deficient virus failed to induce IRF-3activity. The pathways leading to VAK activation are not well characterized, butIRF-3 appears to represent a novel cellular detection pathway that recognizesviral nucleocapsid (N) structure. Recently, the range of inducers responsiblefor IRF-3 activation has increased. In addition to virus infection, recognitionof bacterial infection mediated through lipopolysaccharide by Toll-like receptor4 has also been reported. Furthermore, MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK)-related pathways and DNA-PK induce N-terminal phosphorylation of IRF-3.This review summarizes recent observations in the identification of novelsignaling pathways leading to IRF-3 activation.
PMID
12213596
|
Entity
Process
JNK
--
MO000000023
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000023 |
--
Src family
--
MO000000136
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m122
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000136 |
--
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha{p}
--
MO000000254
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m208
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000254 |
--
IRF-3
--
MO000007694
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m977
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
ISGF-3gamma
--
MO000007758
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m991
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007758 |
--
p50:RelA-p65
--
MO000016632
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1617
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016632 |
--
IFN Type I
--
MO000016658
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1634
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016658 |
--
MKK7
--
MO000016916
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1831
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016916 |
--
PI3K family
--
MO000017608
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2387
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000017608 |
--
MKK6
--
MO000019005
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3613
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019005 |
--
cytokines
--
MO000019387
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3957
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019387 |
--
protein remnants
--
MO000019479
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m360980
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019479 |
--
flagellin
--
MO000022185
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6485
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000022185 |
--
dsRNA
--
MO000022224
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m119368
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000022224 |
--
dsRNA:PKR
--
MO000022225
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m6524
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000022225 |
--
eIF-2alpha
--
MO000022570
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6843
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003029 |
TRANSPATH | MO000022570 |
--
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha
--
MO000038724
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m16910
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038724 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
MO000041446
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19314
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041446 |
--
IRF-3{p}
--
MO000041456
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19324
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3{pT135}
--
e100
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m105
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m107
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-alpha:IKK-beta {activated}:IKK-gamma: PKR{p}
--
e103
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m108
0
infinite
0
--
c-Jun: ATF2
--
e104
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m109
0
infinite
0
--
c-Jun {p}: ATF2
--
e105
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
c-Jun: ATF2 {p}
--
e106
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m110
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2: TLR6
--
e11
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
10
infinite
0
Affymetrix | 1418930_at |
Ensembl | ENSMUSG00000034855 |
MGD | Cxcl10 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/Cxcl10 |
RefSeq | NM_021274 |
TRANSFAC | G001062 |
Unigene | Mm.263514 |
--
IFN Type 1 receptor: STAT1: STAT2: JAK
--
e14
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
INF Type I: IFN Type 1 receptor: STAT1: STAT2: JAK
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
STAT1: STAT2 [activated}
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
ISGF-3gamma: STAT1: STAT2 {activated}
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
ISGF-3gamma: STAT1: STAT2 {activated}
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
ISGF-3gamma: STAT1: STAT2 {activated}: ISRE
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
10
infinite
0
Affymetrix | 116778_at |
Ensembl | ENSMUSG00000024079 |
MGD | Eif2ak2 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/Eif2ak2 |
RefSeq | NM_011163 |
TRANSFAC | G001168 |
Unigene | Mm.378990 |
--
LPS: TLR4
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
RSV fusion protein
--
e23
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
RSV fusion protein: CD14: TLR4
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
Lp: TLR2: TLR6
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
peptidoglycanTLR2: TLR6
--
e26
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
Zymosan: TLR2: TLR6
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin: TLR5
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9
--
e30
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand
--
e31
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR
--
e32
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88
--
e33
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
peptidoglycan
--
e34
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
Zymosan
--
e35
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: IRAK
--
e36
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: IRAK: TRAF6
--
e37
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: IRAK: TRAF6 {activated}
--
e38
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
IRF{p} { N terimal}
--
e39
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-alpha:IKK-beta:IKK-gamma {activated}
--
e41
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016661 |
--
IP-10
--
e42
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
p50:RelA-p65
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016632 |
--
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha{p} {ub}
--
e45
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
AP-1 {activated}
--
e46
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000276 |
--
poly I: C
--
e47
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
poly I: C: TLR3
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-alpha:IKK-beta:IKK-gamma
--
e6
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016661 |
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
ISG
--
e63
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3: IRF-3 {p}
--
e64
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
p300: CBP: IRF-3: IRF-3 {p}
--
e65
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
p300: CBP
--
e66
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
0
infinite
0
--
p300: CBP: IRF-3: IRF-3 {p} {nucleus}
--
e67
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
p300: CBP: IRF-3: IRF-3 {p} {nucleus}: ISRE
--
e68
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
ISG56
--
e69
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
ISG56
--
e70
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
ISG56: ISG-3gamma
--
e71
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m74
0
infinite
0
--
VAK
--
e72
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
VAK {activated}
--
e73
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
0
infinite
0
--
MKK4 {activated}
--
e74
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016917 |
--
MKK7 {activated}
--
e75
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016916 |
--
MKK3 {activated}
--
e76
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016966 |
--
MKK6 {activated}
--
e77
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019005 |
--
dsRNA: PACT
--
e78
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m81
0
infinite
0
--
N protein of MeV
--
e79
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m82
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
N protein of MeV: IRF-3
--
e80
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m83
0
infinite
0
--
eIF-2alpha {p}
--
e81
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m84
0
infinite
0
--
eIF-2beta {activated}
--
e82
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m85
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000068430 |
--
IKK-alpha:IKK-beta:IKK-gamma: PKR{p}
--
e83
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m86
0
infinite
0
--
cytokines
--
e84
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m87
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MyD88
--
e85
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m88
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MyD88: IRAK
--
e86
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m89
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MyD88: IRAK: TRAF6
--
e87
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m90
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MyD88: IRAK: TRAF6 {activated}
--
e88
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m91
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
Src family {activated}
--
e90
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m94
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000136 |
--
USG43
--
e92
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m96
0
infinite
0
--
doxorubicin
--
e93
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m97
0
infinite
0
--
CG18
--
e94
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m98
0
infinite
0
--
MEKK1 {activated}
--
e95
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m100
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000047 |
--
JNK {p}
--
e96
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m101
0
infinite
0
--
sorbitol
--
e97
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m102
0
infinite
0
--
anisomycin
--
e98
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m103
0
infinite
0
--
PMA
--
e99
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m104
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m1634*m15*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Once produced, these secreted proteins act in a paracrine fashion to induce gene expression in target cells in the adjacent microenvironment, through engagement of cell surface IFN receptors and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
m11*m2549*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11554921 TLR2 in conjunction with TLR6, and possibly other TLRs, is essential for the recognition of lipoproteins and peptidoglycan molecules found on pathogens such as Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes, and zymozan from fungi.
p100
p100
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
stoichiometry:c264 : 1
stoichiometry:c262 : 1
m16910*m108*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10848580 Another putative target of PKR is the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex that physically associates with PKR [20] and is believed to mediate the NF-kappaB activation in a manner that is independent of PKR kinase activity.
p101
p101
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c265 : 1
stoichiometry:c269 : 1
stoichiometry:c270 : 1
m91*m1831*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Components of bacterial cell wall, such as LPS, activate TLR4 signaling, leading to cytokine production through the activation of JNK/p38 and IKK complex.
p102
p102
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c266 : 1
stoichiometry:c271 : 1
stoichiometry:c272 : 1
m91*m3613*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Components of bacterial cell wall, such as LPS, activate TLR4 signaling, leading to cytokine production through the activation of JNK/p38 and IKK complex.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c276 : 1
stoichiometry:c274 : 1
m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 9566918, 9463386, 10082512 In addition, IRF-3 C-terminal phosphorylation is required for association with the histone acetyltransferase nuclear proteins CBP and p300 [10, 13 and 23] causing IRF-3, which normally shuttles into and out of the nucleus, to become predominantly nuclear. PMID: 12213596 DNA-PK phosphorylates Thr 135 near the nuclear export sequence and may inhibit export of IRF-3 from the nucleus.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
m11*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11554921 TLR2 in conjunction with TLR6, and possibly other TLRs, is essential for the recognition of lipoproteins and peptidoglycan molecules found on pathogens such as Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes, and zymozan from fungi.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
m11*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11554921 TLR2 in conjunction with TLR6, and possibly other TLRs, is essential for the recognition of lipoproteins and peptidoglycan molecules found on pathogens such as Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, spirochetes, and zymozan from fungi.
p13
p13
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
m3965*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11607032 TLR3 is associated with the binding and activation of dsRNA signaling.
p14
p14
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
m3966*m6485*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11554921 TLR5 is responsible for the recognition of flagellin, a monomeric constituent of bacterial flagella.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m19828*m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11554921, 11470918 TLR9 is essential for the recognition of bacterial CpG DNA, a motif found in non-methylated bacterial DNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
m34*m3962*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Activated TLRs associate with a cytoplasmic adapter molecule, MyD88, through the homophilic interaction between their TIR domains.
p17
p17
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m35*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Activated TLRs associate with a cytoplasmic adapter molecule, MyD88, through the homophilic interaction between their TIR domains.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m36*m184*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 MyD88 interacts with the Ser/Thr kinase IRAK which subsequently activates the TRAF6 adapter.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
m39*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 MyD88 interacts with the Ser/Thr kinase IRAK which subsequently activates the TRAF6 adapter.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m991*m17*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11585785, 11544356 STAT1/2 heterodimers, in conjunction with interferon-stimulated gene factor 3gamma (ISGF3gamma/IRF-9) bind to ISRE found in numerous IFN-induced genes, such as 2¡ì?5¡ì oligoadenylate synthase and the dsRNA activated kinase (PKR), resulting in the induction of proteins which impair viral gene expression and replication [2 and 3].
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
m40*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 MyD88 interacts with the Ser/Thr kinase IRAK which subsequently activates the TRAF6 adapter.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
m6*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 TRAF6 in turn activates the stress-related MAPK pathways JNK and p38, as well as the IKK complex leading to AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation respectively, and the induction of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. PMID: 11213596 The rate limiting step in this process is the activation of the IKK complex, which is composed of two catalytic subunits¡½IKKalpha and IKKbeta and one regulatory subunit IKKgamma.
p22
p22
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
m20*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 TRAF6 in turn activates the stress-related MAPK pathways JNK and p38, as well as the IKK complex leading to AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation respectively, and the induction of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6.
p23
p23
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m21*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 TRAF6 in turn activates the stress-related MAPK pathways JNK and p38, as well as the IKK complex leading to AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation respectively, and the induction of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c235 : 1
stoichiometry:c275 : 1
stoichiometry:c273 : 1
m43*m109*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Virus infection results in the activation of multiple signaling cascades resulting in the phosphorylation of ATF-2, C-Jun, IRF-3, and NF-kapppaB. PMID: 12213596 Following virus replication, the generation of dsRNA activates the stress-induced MAPK pathway p38/JNK resulting in the AP-1 activation. PMID: 12213596 The heterodimers ATF-2/c-Jun are expressed as nuclear proteins that are activated by phosphorylation of their activation domains by p38/JNK.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c241 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
m101*m109*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Virus infection results in the activation of multiple signaling cascades resulting in the phosphorylation of ATF-2, C-Jun, IRF-3, and NF-kapppaB. PMID: 12213596 Following virus replication, the generation of dsRNA activates the stress-induced MAPK pathway p38/JNK resulting in the AP-1 activation. PMID: 12213596 The heterodimers ATF-2/c-Jun are expressed as nuclear proteins that are activated by phosphorylation of their activation domains by p38/JNK. PMID: 12213596, 10747925 In addition, a small molecule CG18 that stimulates MEKK1 activity activated the stress-mediated signaling pathway and stimulated the formation of the IFN-beta enhanceosome [48], including the activation of ATF-2/c-Jun, IRF-3, and NF-kappaB.
p26
p26
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
m44*m16910*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 1213596 The NF-kappaB factors are retained in the cytoplasm of non-stimulated cells in association with inhibitory subunits¡½inhibitors kappa B (I¦ÊBs); dsRNA- and virus-induced phosphorylation at conserved N-terminal residues (Ser 32 and 36) of IkappaB-alpha is accomplished by the I¦ÊB kinase (IKK) complex. PMID: 12213596, 10837071 Phosphorylation triggers a signal that induces ubiquitin-dependent, proteasome-mediated degradation of IkappaB-alpha, and subsequent nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB dimers. PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10848580 Another putative target of PKR is the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex that physically associates with PKR [20] and is believed to mediate the NF-kappaB activation in a manner that is independent of PKR kinase activity. PMID: 12213596, 11607032 Activation of TLR-3 induces the activation of both MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways, independently of the adapter protein MyD88. PMID: 12213596 These experiments imply that MEKK1 can induce IRF-3 and ATF2/c-Jun through the JNK pathway and NF-kappaB through the IKK pathway, resulting in the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways leading to the proper assembly of the IFN-beta enhanceosome.
p27
p27
cso30:i:ME_ProteasomeDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
m48*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10837071 Phosphorylation triggers a signal that induces ubiquitin-dependent, proteasome-mediated degradation of IkappaB-alpha, and subsequent nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB dimers. PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10848580 Another putative target of PKR is the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex that physically associates with PKR [20] and is believed to mediate the NF-kappaB activation in a manner that is independent of PKR kinase activity. PMID: 12213596, 11607032 Activation of TLR-3 induces the activation of both MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways, independently of the adapter protein MyD88. PMID: 12213596 These experiments imply that MEKK1 can induce IRF-3 and ATF2/c-Jun through the JNK pathway and NF-kappaB through the IKK pathway, resulting in the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways leading to the proper assembly of the IFN-beta enhanceosome.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
m1617*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10837071 Phosphorylation triggers a signal that induces ubiquitin-dependent, proteasome-mediated degradation of IkappaB-alpha, and subsequent nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB dimers.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 TRAF6 in turn activates the stress-related MAPK pathways JNK and p38, as well as the IKK complex leading to AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation respectively, and the induction of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11585785, 11544356 STAT1/2 heterodimers, in conjunction with interferon-stimulated gene factor 3gamma (ISGF3gamma/IRF-9) bind to ISRE found in numerous IFN-induced genes, such as 2¡ì?5¡ì oligoadenylate synthase and the dsRNA activated kinase (PKR), resulting in the induction of proteins which impair viral gene expression and replication [2 and 3].
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 TRAF6 in turn activates the stress-related MAPK pathways JNK and p38, as well as the IKK complex leading to AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation respectively, and the induction of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
m208*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10837071 Phosphorylation triggers a signal that induces ubiquitin-dependent, proteasome-mediated degradation of IkappaB-alpha, and subsequent nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB dimers. PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10848580 Another putative target of PKR is the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex that physically associates with PKR [20] and is believed to mediate the NF-kappaB activation in a manner that is independent of PKR kinase activity. PMID: 12213596, 11607032 Activation of TLR-3 induces the activation of both MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways, independently of the adapter protein MyD88. PMID: 12213596 These experiments imply that MEKK1 can induce IRF-3 and ATF2/c-Jun through the JNK pathway and NF-kappaB through the IKK pathway, resulting in the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways leading to the proper assembly of the IFN-beta enhanceosome.
p32
p32
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
m219*m46*m110*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following virus replication, the generation of dsRNA activates the stress-induced MAPK pathway p38/JNK resulting in the AP-1 activation. PMID: 12213596 The heterodimers ATF-2/c-Jun are expressed as nuclear proteins that are activated by phosphorylation of their activation domains by p38/JNK.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 TRAF6 in turn activates the stress-related MAPK pathways JNK and p38, as well as the IKK complex leading to AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation respectively, and the induction of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 TRAF6 in turn activates the stress-related MAPK pathways JNK and p38, as well as the IKK complex leading to AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation respectively, and the induction of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
m63*m3965*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 The dsRNA mimetic poly(I:C) has the capacity to induce a subset of ISGs and cytokines that function to impede viral replication.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c245 : 1
m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 The dsRNA mimetic poly(I:C) has the capacity to induce a subset of ISGs and cytokines that function to impede viral replication.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 The dsRNA mimetic poly(I:C) has the capacity to induce a subset of ISGs and cytokines that function to impede viral replication.
p38
p38
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
m977*m81*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11401490 Indeed, PACT, a dsRNA-binding protein originally identified as an activator of PKR, was shown to enhance IRF-3 activation.
p39
p39
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
m977*m76*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Viral nucleocapsid (N) and dsRNA activate VAK, a virus activated kinase, leading to C-terminal phosphorylation of IRF-3. PMID: 12213596 Virus-mediated activation of IRF-3 through VAK is dependent on viral entry and transcription, since replication deficient virus failed to induce IRF-3 activity. PMID: 12213596, 11907205 Indeed, a recent study has shown that the N nucleocapsid (N) protein of MeV induced IRF-3 activation via the induction of VAK.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
m22*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11585785, 11544356 STAT1/2 heterodimers, in conjunction with interferon-stimulated gene factor 3gamma (ISGF3gamma/IRF-9) bind to ISRE found in numerous IFN-induced genes, such as 2¡ì?5¡ì oligoadenylate synthase and the dsRNA activated kinase (PKR), resulting in the induction of proteins which impair viral gene expression and replication [2 and 3].
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 IRF-3 C-terminal phosphorylation results in homodimerization, accumulation in the nucleus through CBP association, activation of genes through DNA binding and degradation by the proteasome pathway.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
m67*m69*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 9566918, 9463386, 10082512 In addition, IRF-3 C-terminal phosphorylation is required for association with the histone acetyltransferase nuclear proteins CBP and p300 [10, 13 and 23] causing IRF-3, which normally shuttles into and out of the nucleus, to become predominantly nuclear. PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Indeed, as opposed to the observation made by Kim¡Çs group, stress-inducers and DNA damaging agents failed to induce nuclear accumulation through CBP association or transcriptional activation of RANTES promoter.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
m68*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 9566918, 9463386, 10082512 In addition, IRF-3 C-terminal phosphorylation is required for association with the histone acetyltransferase nuclear proteins CBP and p300 [10, 13 and 23] causing IRF-3, which normally shuttles into and out of the nucleus, to become predominantly nuclear. PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Indeed, as opposed to the observation made by Kim¡Çs group, stress-inducers and DNA damaging agents failed to induce nuclear accumulation through CBP association or transcriptional activation of RANTES promoter.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Genes targeted by IRF-3 include not only the classical IRF-responsive genes IFNalpha1 and beta but also new candidates such as genes encoding for the chemokine RANTES and the cytokine IL-15.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
m70*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 9566918, 9660935, 9463386 The activated form of IRF-3, bound to CBP, induces transcription through distinct positive regulatory domains in the type 1 IFN promoters, and through select ISRE sites.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Genes targeted by IRF-3 include not only the classical IRF-responsive genes IFNalpha1 and beta but also new candidates such as genes encoding for the chemokine RANTES and the cytokine IL-15. PMID: 12213596, 10678979, 11896392 Treatment of murine macrophages with LPS also induces the production of IFNbeta, suggesting the activation of some IRF members by LPS [4 and 5] and also implying a role for ISGs in response to bacterial infection.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Genes targeted by IRF-3 include not only the classical IRF-responsive genes IFNalpha1 and beta but also new candidates such as genes encoding for the chemokine RANTES and the cytokine IL-15. PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Indeed, as opposed to the observation made by Kim¡Çs group, stress-inducers and DNA damaging agents failed to induce nuclear accumulation through CBP association or transcriptional activation of RANTES promoter.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Genes targeted by IRF-3 include not only the classical IRF-responsive genes IFNalpha1 and beta but also new candidates such as genes encoding for the chemokine RANTES and the cytokine IL-15.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Recently, the IFN-stimulated gene ISG56 was shown to be a direct target of IRF-3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
m73*m991*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11118224 Interestingly, ISG56 acts as an inhibitor of cell proliferation by downregulating protein synthesis through interaction with the p48 subunit of eIF-3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11585785, 11544356 STAT1/2 heterodimers, in conjunction with interferon-stimulated gene factor 3gamma (ISGF3gamma/IRF-9) bind to ISRE found in numerous IFN-induced genes, such as 2¡ì?5¡ì oligoadenylate synthase and the dsRNA activated kinase (PKR), resulting in the induction of proteins which impair viral gene expression and replication [2 and 3].
PMID: 12213596, 11118224 Interestingly, ISG56 acts as an inhibitor of cell proliferation by downregulating protein synthesis through interaction with the p48 subunit of eIF-3.
PMID: 12213596, 11118224 Thus, the translation inhibitory function of ISG56 may provide, at least in part, a mechanistic explanation for the ability of IRF-3 5D to mediate apoptosis.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11118224 Thus, the translation inhibitory function of ISG56 may provide, at least in part, a mechanistic explanation for the ability of IRF-3 5D to mediate apoptosis.
p53
p53
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
m75*m19314*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Virus-mediated activation of IRF-3 through VAK is dependent on viral entry and transcription, since replication deficient virus failed to induce IRF-3 activity.
p54
p54
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
m1832*m19314*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following virus replication, the generation of dsRNA activates the stress-induced MAPK pathway p38/JNK resulting in the AP-1 activation. PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10611240, 11846975 Virus infection or dsRNA treatment leads to the activation of the stress-activated members of the MAP kinase (MAP K) superfamily, namely the c-Jun amino terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 proteins which are downstream of well defined stress-activated kinase cascades comprised of MKK4,7 and MKK3,6 respectively.
p55
p55
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c267 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
m1831*m19314*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following virus replication, the generation of dsRNA activates the stress-induced MAPK pathway p38/JNK resulting in the AP-1 activation. PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10611240, 11846975 Virus infection or dsRNA treatment leads to the activation of the stress-activated members of the MAP kinase (MAP K) superfamily, namely the c-Jun amino terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 proteins which are downstream of well defined stress-activated kinase cascades comprised of MKK4,7 and MKK3,6 respectively. PMID: 12213596 Components of bacterial cell wall, such as LPS, activate TLR4 signaling, leading to cytokine production through the activation of JNK/p38 and IKK complex.
p56
p56
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m1875*m19314*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following virus replication, the generation of dsRNA activates the stress-induced MAPK pathway p38/JNK resulting in the AP-1 activation. PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10611240, 11846975 Virus infection or dsRNA treatment leads to the activation of the stress-activated members of the MAP kinase (MAP K) superfamily, namely the c-Jun amino terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 proteins which are downstream of well defined stress-activated kinase cascades comprised of MKK4,7 and MKK3,6 respectively.
p57
p57
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c268 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
m3613*m19314*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following virus replication, the generation of dsRNA activates the stress-induced MAPK pathway p38/JNK resulting in the AP-1 activation. PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10611240, 11846975 Virus infection or dsRNA treatment leads to the activation of the stress-activated members of the MAP kinase (MAP K) superfamily, namely the c-Jun amino terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 proteins which are downstream of well defined stress-activated kinase cascades comprised of MKK4,7 and MKK3,6 respectively. PMID: 12213596 Components of bacterial cell wall, such as LPS, activate TLR4 signaling, leading to cytokine production through the activation of JNK/p38 and IKK complex.
p58
p58
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c238 : 1
m21*m80*m77*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following virus replication, the generation of dsRNA activates the stress-induced MAPK pathway p38/JNK resulting in the AP-1 activation. PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10611240, 11846975 Virus infection or dsRNA treatment leads to the activation of the stress-activated members of the MAP kinase (MAP K) superfamily, namely the c-Jun amino terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 proteins which are downstream of well defined stress-activated kinase cascades comprised of MKK4,7 and MKK3,6 respectively. PMID: 12213596 Components of bacterial cell wall, such as LPS, activate TLR4 signaling, leading to cytokine production through the activation of JNK/p38 and IKK complex.
p59
p59
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
m119368*m6814*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11401490 Indeed, PACT, a dsRNA-binding protein originally identified as an activator of PKR, was shown to enhance IRF-3 activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11585785, 11544356 STAT1/2 heterodimers, in conjunction with interferon-stimulated gene factor 3gamma (ISGF3gamma/IRF-9) bind to ISRE found in numerous IFN-induced genes, such as 2¡ì?5¡ì oligoadenylate synthase and the dsRNA activated kinase (PKR), resulting in the induction of proteins which impair viral gene expression and replication [2 and 3]. PMID: 12213596, 11585785 The intracellular target of dsRNA is PKR, a Ser/Thr kinase that is induced by IFNs and activated catalytically through the binding of dsRNA.
p60
p60
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
m20*m78*m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following virus replication, the generation of dsRNA activates the stress-induced MAPK pathway p38/JNK resulting in the AP-1 activation. PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10611240, 11846975 Virus infection or dsRNA treatment leads to the activation of the stress-activated members of the MAP kinase (MAP K) superfamily, namely the c-Jun amino terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 proteins which are downstream of well defined stress-activated kinase cascades comprised of MKK4,7 and MKK3,6 respectively. PMID: 12213596 Components of bacterial cell wall, such as LPS, activate TLR4 signaling, leading to cytokine production through the activation of JNK/p38 and IKK complex.
p61
p61
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
m1055*m81*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11401490 Indeed, PACT, a dsRNA-binding protein originally identified as an activator of PKR, was shown to enhance IRF-3 activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
m82*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Interestingly, N protein physically interacts with IRF-3, implying that IRF-3 itself represents the molecule that detects the viral pathogen via nucleocapsid recognition.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
m75*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11907205 Indeed, a recent study has shown that the N nucleocapsid (N) protein of MeV induced IRF-3 activation via the induction of VAK.
p64
p64
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
m119368*m1055*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following interaction with dsRNA, PKR becomes autophosphorylated and, in turn, phosphorylates a restricted number of substrates, the best characterized of which is the ¦Á subunit of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha).
p65
p65
cso30:i:ME_Autophosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
m6524*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following interaction with dsRNA, PKR becomes autophosphorylated and, in turn, phosphorylates a restricted number of substrates, the best characterized of which is the alpha subunit of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha).
p66
p66
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
m6843*m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Following interaction with dsRNA, PKR becomes autophosphorylated and, in turn, phosphorylates a restricted number of substrates, the best characterized of which is the alpha subunit of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha).
p67
p67
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
m43278*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11585785 Phosphorylation of eIF2alpha on Ser 51 causes a dramatic inhibition of protein synthesis by sequestering the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B, a rate-limiting component of the translation machinery.
PMID: 12213596, 11585785 Phosphorylation of eIF2alpha on Ser 51 causes a dramatic inhibition of protein synthesis by sequestering the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B, a rate-limiting component of the translation machinery.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
m14*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10848580 Another putative target of PKR is the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex that physically associates with PKR [20] and is believed to mediate the NF-kappaB activation in a manner that is independent of PKR kinase activity.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11585785, 11544356 STAT1/2 heterodimers, in conjunction with interferon-stimulated gene factor 3gamma (ISGF3gamma/IRF-9) bind to ISRE found in numerous IFN-induced genes, such as 2¡ì?5¡ì oligoadenylate synthase and the dsRNA activated kinase (PKR), resulting in the induction of proteins which impair viral gene expression and replication [2 and 3].
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
m86*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10626894, 10848580 Another putative target of PKR is the IKKbeta subunit of the IKK complex that physically associates with PKR [20] and is believed to mediate the NF-kappaB activation in a manner that is independent of PKR kinase activity.
p71
p71
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
m6*m19314*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11607032 Activation of TLR-3 induces the activation of both MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways, independently of the adapter protein MyD88.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11477402, 11191641 Indeed, following PAMP interaction with the TLRs, the IKK and JNK/p38 pathways are activated resulting in the activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors which ultimately lead to cytokine production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11477402, 11191641 Indeed, following PAMP interaction with the TLRs, the IKK and JNK/p38 pathways are activated resulting in the activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors which ultimately lead to cytokine production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
m87*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11477402, 11191641 Indeed, following PAMP interaction with the TLRs, the IKK and JNK/p38 pathways are activated resulting in the activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors which ultimately lead to cytokine production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
m25*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Activated TLRs associate with a cytoplasmic adapter molecule, MyD88, through the homophilic interaction between their TIR domains.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
stoichiometry:c200 : 1
stoichiometry:c199 : 1
m88*m184*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 MyD88 interacts with the Ser/Thr kinase IRAK which subsequently activates the TRAF6 adapter.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c201 : 1
stoichiometry:c203 : 1
stoichiometry:c202 : 1
m89*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 MyD88 interacts with the Ser/Thr kinase IRAK which subsequently activates the TRAF6 adapter.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c204 : 1
stoichiometry:c205 : 1
m90*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 MyD88 interacts with the Ser/Thr kinase IRAK which subsequently activates the TRAF6 adapter.
p79
p79
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c206 : 1
stoichiometry:c210 : 1
stoichiometry:c207 : 1
m1832*m91*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Components of bacterial cell wall, such as LPS, activate TLR4 signaling, leading to cytokine production through the activation of JNK/p38 and IKK complex.
p8
p8
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
m155666*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11191641 TLR4 is essential for the recognition of LPS, the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
p80
p80
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c208 : 1
stoichiometry:c211 : 1
stoichiometry:c209 : 1
m1875*m91*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Components of bacterial cell wall, such as LPS, activate TLR4 signaling, leading to cytokine production through the activation of JNK/p38 and IKK complex.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c212 : 1
stoichiometry:c214 : 1
stoichiometry:c213 : 1
m6*m91*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 Components of bacterial cell wall, such as LPS, activate TLR4 signaling, leading to cytokine production through the activation of JNK/p38 and IKK complex.
p82
p82
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c215 : 1
stoichiometry:c219 : 1
stoichiometry:c216 : 1
m92*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11477402 Treatment of target cells with LPS activates multiple signaling pathways in addition to IKK/JNK/p38, such as protein kinase C, Src-type tyrosine kinases, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathways.
p83
p83
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c217 : 1
stoichiometry:c220 : 1
stoichiometry:c218 : 1
m122*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11477402 Treatment of target cells with LPS activates multiple signaling pathways in addition to IKK/JNK/p38, such as protein kinase C, Src-type tyrosine kinases, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathways.
p84
p84
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c221 : 1
stoichiometry:c223 : 1
stoichiometry:c222 : 1
m2387*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11477402 Treatment of target cells with LPS activates multiple signaling pathways in addition to IKK/JNK/p38, such as protein kinase C, Src-type tyrosine kinases, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathways.
p85
p85
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c224 : 1
stoichiometry:c225 : 1
stoichiometry:c226 : 1
m25*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11698465 Phosphorylation of IRF-3 in response to LPS was demonstrated by Akira¡Çs group. PMID: 12213596, 10678979, 11896392 Treatment of murine macrophages with LPS also induces the production of IFNbeta, suggesting the activation of some IRF members by LPS [4 and 5] and also implying a role for ISGs in response to bacterial infection. PMID: 1213596, 11854279 Another target gene, called UBP43 was also recently shown to be induced by LPS via IRF-3 in the murine macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c228 : 1
stoichiometry:c227 : 1
m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 1213596, 11854279 Another target gene, called UBP43 was also recently shown to be induced by LPS via IRF-3 in the murine macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7.
p87
p87
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c229 : 1
stoichiometry:c231 : 1
stoichiometry:c230 : 1
m977*m97*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11698465 Kim et al. [47] demonstrated that stress inducers and genotoxic agents such as DNA damaging agents doxorubicin and UV radiation stimulated IRF-3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, CBP association, and transcriptional activation of an IRF-3 responsive promoter. PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Phosphorylation of IRF-3 by the DNA damaging agent doxorubicin, by the osmotic shock inducer sorbitol, the stress inducer anisomycin, the phorbol ester PMA and overexpression of the MAP KKK family members MEKK1 and Cot has also been observed with phosphorylation occurring at the N-terminal end, between aa 186?198. PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Indeed, as opposed to the observation made by Kim¡Çs group, stress-inducers and DNA damaging agents failed to induce nuclear accumulation through CBP association or transcriptional activation of RANTES promoter.
p88
p88
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c232 : 1
stoichiometry:c234 : 1
stoichiometry:c233 : 1
m99*m98*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10747925 In addition, a small molecule CG18 that stimulates MEKK1 activity activated the stress-mediated signaling pathway and stimulated the formation of the IFN-beta enhanceosome [48], including the activation of ATF-2/c-Jun, IRF-3, and NF-kappaB.
p89
p89
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c236 : 1
stoichiometry:c240 : 1
stoichiometry:c237 : 1
m977*m101*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10747925 In addition, a small molecule CG18 that stimulates MEKK1 activity activated the stress-mediated signaling pathway and stimulated the formation of the IFN-beta enhanceosome [48], including the activation of ATF-2/c-Jun, IRF-3, and NF-kappaB. PMID: 12213596 In these studies, MEKK1 activated IRF-3 through the JNK pathway but not through p38 or IKK pathways. PMID: 12213596, 10747925 However, the phosphorylation site(s) targeted by the MEKK1-related pathway are distinct from the C-terminal sites, since the IRF-3 (5A) protein, in which the five phosphoacceptor sites in the C-terminal end (Ser 396 to Ser 405) were mutated to alanine (see Fig. 2), was still phosphorylated in response to CG18 and MEKK1.
p9
p9
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
m2828*m26*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11062499 The innate immune response to RSV is mediated by the interaction of fusion protein of RSV with TLR4 and CD-14.
p90
p90
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
m21*m100*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10747925 In addition, a small molecule CG18 that stimulates MEKK1 activity activated the stress-mediated signaling pathway and stimulated the formation of the IFN-beta enhanceosome [48], including the activation of ATF-2/c-Jun, IRF-3, and NF-kappaB. PMID: 12213596 In these studies, MEKK1 activated IRF-3 through the JNK pathway but not through p38 or IKK pathways. PMID: 12213596 These experiments imply that MEKK1 can induce IRF-3 and ATF2/c-Jun through the JNK pathway and NF-kappaB through the IKK pathway, resulting in the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways leading to the proper assembly of the IFN-beta enhanceosome.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c239 : 1
stoichiometry:c243 : 1
stoichiometry:c242 : 1
m6*m100*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 10747925 In addition, a small molecule CG18 that stimulates MEKK1 activity activated the stress-mediated signaling pathway and stimulated the formation of the IFN-beta enhanceosome [48], including the activation of ATF-2/c-Jun, IRF-3, and NF-kappaB. PMID: 12213596 These experiments imply that MEKK1 can induce IRF-3 and ATF2/c-Jun through the JNK pathway and NF-kappaB through the IKK pathway, resulting in the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways leading to the proper assembly of the IFN-beta enhanceosome.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c246 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m101*m109*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 These experiments imply that MEKK1 can induce IRF-3 and ATF2/c-Jun through the JNK pathway and NF-kappaB through the IKK pathway, resulting in the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways leading to the proper assembly of the IFN-beta enhanceosome.
p93
p93
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c247 : 1
stoichiometry:c250 : 1
stoichiometry:c248 : 1
m977*m102*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Phosphorylation of IRF-3 by the DNA damaging agent doxorubicin, by the osmotic shock inducer sorbitol, the stress inducer anisomycin, the phorbol ester PMA and overexpression of the MAP KKK family members MEKK1 and Cot has also been observed with phosphorylation occurring at the N-terminal end, between aa 186?198. PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Indeed, as opposed to the observation made by Kim¡Çs group, stress-inducers and DNA damaging agents failed to induce nuclear accumulation through CBP association or transcriptional activation of RANTES promoter.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c249 : 1
stoichiometry:c251 : 1
m19324*m103*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Phosphorylation of IRF-3 by the DNA damaging agent doxorubicin, by the osmotic shock inducer sorbitol, the stress inducer anisomycin, the phorbol ester PMA and overexpression of the MAP KKK family members MEKK1 and Cot has also been observed with phosphorylation occurring at the N-terminal end, between aa 186?198. PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Indeed, as opposed to the observation made by Kim¡Çs group, stress-inducers and DNA damaging agents failed to induce nuclear accumulation through CBP association or transcriptional activation of RANTES promoter.
p95
p95
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c252 : 1
stoichiometry:c254 : 1
stoichiometry:c253 : 1
m977*m104*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Phosphorylation of IRF-3 by the DNA damaging agent doxorubicin, by the osmotic shock inducer sorbitol, the stress inducer anisomycin, the phorbol ester PMA and overexpression of the MAP KKK family members MEKK1 and Cot has also been observed with phosphorylation occurring at the N-terminal end, between aa 186?198. PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Indeed, as opposed to the observation made by Kim¡Çs group, stress-inducers and DNA damaging agents failed to induce nuclear accumulation through CBP association or transcriptional activation of RANTES promoter.
p96
p96
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c255 : 1
stoichiometry:c257 : 1
stoichiometry:c256 : 1
m977*m100*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Phosphorylation of IRF-3 by the DNA damaging agent doxorubicin, by the osmotic shock inducer sorbitol, the stress inducer anisomycin, the phorbol ester PMA and overexpression of the MAP KKK family members MEKK1 and Cot has also been observed with phosphorylation occurring at the N-terminal end, between aa 186?198. PMID: 12213596, 11035028 Indeed, as opposed to the observation made by Kim¡Çs group, stress-inducers and DNA damaging agents failed to induce nuclear accumulation through CBP association or transcriptional activation of RANTES promoter.
p97
p97
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c258 : 1
stoichiometry:c260 : 1
stoichiometry:c259 : 1
m977*m2978*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596 DNA-PK phosphorylates Thr 135 near the nuclear export sequence and may inhibit export of IRF-3 from the nucleus.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c263 : 1
stoichiometry:c244 : 1
m107*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 12213596, 11698465 Recently, Akira¡Çs group observed induction of the IP-10 gene with lipid A, the functional moiety of LPS, in MyD88-deficient peritoneal macrophages in which production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in response to LPS is completely impaired.
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
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1,
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--