PMID: 12472665, 9794431 Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI-3 kinase, prevented the inhibitory effect of RON on iNOS gene transcription activity and NO production induced by LPS and IFN-¦Ã

The inhibitory effect of MSP on macrophages was first demonstrated in vitro, in which treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with physiological concentrations of MSP inhibits lipopolysaccharides (LPS)- or cytokine-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO production

PMID: 12472665, LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by macrophages was also inhibited by MSP

PMID: 12472665, 10557102, 10878375 Recently, it was shown that double-stranded RNA-regulated protein kinase (PKR) also plays a critical role in LPS-induced iNOS expression. Inactivation of PKR gene results in the failure of iNOS induction by LPS

PMID: 12472665, 10878375 Inactivation of PKR gene results in the failure of iNOS induction by LPS

PMID: 12472665, 10586055 RON activation affect IFN-¦Ã-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF-1 or IRF-2 expression

PMID: 12472665, 10586055 RON activation affect IFN-¦Ã-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF-1 or IRF-2 expression

PMID: 12472665, 10586055 RON activation affect IFN-¦Ã-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF-1 or IRF-2 expression

PMID: 12472665, 10586055 After LPS and IFN-¦Ã stimulation, nuclear translocation of NF¦ÊB was significantly reduced upon RON activation

PMID: 12472665, 7508914 Three enzymes, kallikrein, factor XIa and XIIa, in the blood clotting system have the ability to cleave pro-MSP

PMID: 12472665, 10586055 After LPS and IFN-¦Ã stimulation, nuclear translocation of NF¦ÊB was significantly reduced upon RON activation

PMID: 12472665, 10586055 RON activation also caused decreased binding of NF¦ÊB to its consensus sequence [

PMID: 12472665,10837071,10847627, 11521070 In mouse macrophages, two separate but cooperative signalling pathways are involved in the induction of iNOS expression: LPS-induced TRL4 > MyD88 > IRAK > IKK > nuclear factor kappa-B (NF¦ÊB) pathway [54, 55] and interferon-¦Ã (IFN-¦Ã)-induced JAK/STAT/IFN-response factor-1 (IRF-1) pathway [54?56] NF¦ÊB is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by NF¦ÊB inhibitor protein I¦ÊBs such as I¦ÊB¦Á[64]. LPS stimulation causes the degradation of I¦ÊB¦Á, which releases NF¦ÊB, leading to its nuclear translocation [64] Using Raw264.7 cells expressing RON, we demonstrated that MSP treatment significantly prevents the decrease of LPS-induced I¦ÊB¦Á degradationFirst, we found that MSP inhibits LPS-induced I¦ÊB¦Á degradation in macrophages

PMID: 12472665, 10837071 LPS stimulation causes the degradation of I¦ÊB¦Á, which releases NF¦ÊB, leading to its nuclear translocation

PMID: 12472665, 9804806 IKK¦Â, also known as IKK1, is the intermediate upstream kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of I¦ÊBs including I¦ÊB¦Á[65]. Reduced phosphorylation and decreased degradation of I¦ÊB¦Á suggest that MSP may affect LPS-induced IKK¦Â activity

PMID: 12472665, 7508914 Three enzymes, kallikrein, factor XIa and XIIa, in the blood clotting system have the ability to cleave pro-MSP

PMID: 12472665, 7514598, 9794431 The inhibitory effect of MSP on macrophages was first demonstrated in vitro, in which treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with physiological concentrations of MSP inhibits lipopolysaccharides (LPS)- or cytokine-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO production PMID: 12472665, 10725742 Blocking NO production by transforming growth factor-¦Â and MSP prevented LPS-induced inhibition of RON expression

Studies of deletion of successive regions, which encompass potential SP-1 sites, suggested that SP-1 or a protein with a binding specificity similar to SP-1 may be involved in the positive regulation of the RON gene transcription PMID: 12472665, 10725742 We have shown that a chemical NO donor, S-nitroglutathione (GSNO) or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), directly inhibits the RON expression when added to cell culture PMID: 12472665, 10725742 We have shown that in mice injected intraperitoneally with LPS, RON expression is significantly reduced or lost in the peritoneal macrophages [72]. The levels of RON mRNA and protein were also diminished in cultured macrophages following LPS stimulation PMID: 12472665, 10725742 Interestingly, tumour necrosis factor-¦Á together with IFN-¦Ã abrogated the macrophage RON expression, although each individual cytokine alone had no effect

PMID: 12472665, 9467940, 7632741 Studies of deletion of successive regions, which encompass potential SP-1 sites, suggested that SP-1 or a protein with a binding specificity similar to SP-1 may be involved in the positive regulation of the RON gene transcription PMID: 12472665, 10725742 We have shown that a chemical NO donor, S-nitroglutathione (GSNO) or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), directly inhibits the RON expression when added to cell culture PMID: 12472665, 10725742 We have shown that in mice injected intraperitoneally with LPS, RON expression is significantly reduced or lost in the peritoneal macrophages [72]. The levels of RON mRNA and protein were also diminished in cultured macrophages following LPS stimulation PMID: 12472665, 10725742 Interestingly, tumour necrosis factor-¦Á together with IFN-¦Ã abrogated the macrophage RON expression, although each individual cytokine alone had no effect

PMID: 12472665 IFN-gamma binds its receptor.

PMID: 12472665 cytokine binds its receptor

PMID: 12472665 LPS binds its receptor.

PMID: 12472665, 9794431 Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI-3 kinase, prevented the inhibitory effect of RON on iNOS gene transcription activity and NO production induced by LPS and IFN-¦Ã[

PMID: 12472665, 7508914 Three enzymes, kallikrein, factor XIa and XIIa, in the blood clotting system have the ability to cleave pro-MSP

PMID: 12472665, 9794431 Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI-3 kinase, prevented the inhibitory effect of RON on iNOS gene transcription activity and NO production induced by LPS and IFN-¦Ã[

PMID: 12472665, 9794431 Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI-3 kinase, prevented the inhibitory effect of RON on iNOS gene transcription activity and NO production induced by LPS and IFN-¦Ã PMID: 12472665, 10725742 Blocking NO production by transforming growth factor-¦Â and MSP prevented LPS-induced inhibition of RON expression PMID: 12472665, 7514598, 9794431 The inhibitory effect of MSP on macrophages was first demonstrated in vitro, in which treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with physiological concentrations of MSP inhibits lipopolysaccharides (LPS)- or cytokine-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO production

PMID: 12472665, 9794431 Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI-3 kinase, prevented the inhibitory effect of RON on iNOS gene transcription activity and NO production induced by LPS and IFN-¦Ã PMID: 12472665, 10725742 Blocking NO production by transforming growth factor-¦Â and MSP prevented LPS-induced inhibition of RON expression

PMID: 12472665 TNF-alpha binds its receptor.

PMID: 12472665, 10847627, 11521070 In mouse macrophages, two separate but cooperative signalling pathways are involved in the induction of iNOS expression: LPS-induced TRL4 > MyD88 > IRAK > IKK > nuclear factor kappa-B (NF¦ÊB) pathway [54, 55] and interferon-¦Ã (IFN-¦Ã)-induced JAK/STAT/IFN-response factor-1 (IRF-1) pathway [54?56]

PMID: 12472665, 10847627, 11521070 In mouse macrophages, two separate but cooperative signalling pathways are involved in the induction of iNOS expression: LPS-induced TRL4 > MyD88 > IRAK > IKK > nuclear factor kappa-B (NF¦ÊB) pathway [54, 55] and interferon-¦Ã (IFN-¦Ã)-induced JAK/STAT/IFN-response factor-1 (IRF-1) pathway [54?56]

PMID: 12472665, 10847627, 11521070 In mouse macrophages, two separate but cooperative signalling pathways are involved in the induction of iNOS expression: LPS-induced TRL4 > MyD88 > IRAK > IKK > nuclear factor kappa-B (NF¦ÊB) pathway [54, 55] and interferon-¦Ã (IFN-¦Ã)-induced JAK/STAT/IFN-response factor-1 (IRF-1) pathway [54?56]

In mouse macrophages, two separate but cooperative signalling pathways are involved in the induction of iNOS expression: LPS-induced TRL4 > MyD88 > IRAK > IKK > nuclear factor kappa-B (NF¦ÊB) pathway [54, 55] and interferon-¦Ã (IFN-¦Ã)-induced JAK/STAT/IFN-response factor-1 (IRF-1) pathway [54?56]

PMID: 12472665, 8188657, 8609228 Pro-MSP activation was also observed in wound fluids collected from surgical patients [32], presumably mediated by tissue proteases such as epidermal growth factor-binding protein and nerve growth factor-¦Ã[32], or by cell-surface proteases located on tissue macrophages [28].

PMID: 12472665, 10847627, 11521070 In mouse macrophages, two separate but cooperative signalling pathways are involved in the induction of iNOS expression: LPS-induced TRL4 > MyD88 > IRAK > IKK > nuclear factor kappa-B (NF¦ÊB) pathway [54, 55] and interferon-¦Ã (IFN-¦Ã)-induced JAK/STAT/IFN-response factor-1 (IRF-1) pathway [54?56]

PMID: 12472665, 10847627, 11521070, 11536325 In mouse macrophages, two separate but cooperative signalling pathways are involved in the induction of iNOS expression: LPS-induced TRL4 > MyD88 > IRAK > IKK > nuclear factor kappa-B (NF¦ÊB) pathway [54, 55] and interferon-¦Ã (IFN-¦Ã)-induced JAK/STAT/IFN-response factor-1 (IRF-1) pathway [54?56]

PMID: 12472665, 8188657, 8609228 Pro-MSP activation was also observed in wound fluids collected from surgical patients [32], presumably mediated by tissue proteases such as epidermal growth factor-binding protein and nerve growth factor-¦Ã[32], or by cell-surface proteases located on tissue macrophages [28].

PMID: 12472665, 8188657, 8609228 Pro-MSP activation was also observed in wound fluids collected from surgical patients [32], presumably mediated by tissue proteases such as epidermal growth factor-binding protein and nerve growth factor-¦Ã[32], or by cell-surface proteases located on tissue macrophages [28].

PMID: 12472665, 7939629, 7732008, 8062829 MSP binds the RON receptor.

PMID: 12472665, 7514598, 9794431 The inhibitory effect of MSP on macrophages was first demonstrated in vitro, in which treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with physiological concentrations of MSP inhibits lipopolysaccharides (LPS)- or cytokine-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO production