Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Signal transduction pathways mediated by the interaction of CpG DNA withToll-like receptor 9.
Affiliation
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research/Food and Drug Administration, Bldg29A, Rm 3D10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) expressing non-methylated "CpG motifs"patterned after those present in bacterial DNA have characteristicimmunomodulatory effects. CpG DNA is recognized as a pathogen-associatedmolecular pattern, and triggers a rapid innate immune response. CpG ODN arebeing harnessed for a variety of therapeutic uses, including as immuneadjuvants, for cancer therapy, as anti-allergens, and as immunoprotectiveagents. The signal transduction pathway mediated by the engagement of CpG DNAwith Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is shared with other members of the TLR family.Recent studies demonstrate that formation and maturation of CpG DNA-containingendosomes are regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases and the Ras-associatedGTP-binding protein, Rab5, which are essential for the initiation ofTLR9-mediated signaling.
PMID
14751759
|
Entity
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
AP-1{active}
--
MO000000276
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m219
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000276 |
--
ERK2{active}
--
MO000004676
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m554
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000004676 |
--
IFNbeta
--
MO000016660
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1636
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000471 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016660 |
--
JNK2{active}
--
MO000016903
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1818
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016903 |
--
CREB
--
MO000017189
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m2057
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003102 |
TRANSPATH | MO000017189 |
--
PI3K class III
--
MO000017612
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2391
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000017612 |
--
C/EBP
--
MO000019416
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3981
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019416 |
--
PI3K class I
--
MO000021845
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6179
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000021845 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:PGN
--
e11
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
BLPs
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:BLPs
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
--
e16
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
--
e17
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
--
e18
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA:TLR9:MyD88
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
TAK1{active}
--
e22
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016574 |
--
IKK{active}
--
e25
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000248 |
--
IFNa R
--
e27
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
IFNbeta:IFNaR
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
IFNb R
--
e29
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
IFNbeta:IFNbR
--
e30
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
IP-10
--
e31
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
IKappaB:NF-KappaB
--
e33
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
IKappaB{p}:NF-KappaB
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
degradants
--
e35
cso30:c:EntityBiological
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
C/EBP{active}
--
e37
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019416 |
--
CREB{active}
--
e38
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003102 |
TRANSPATH | MO000017189 |
--
Target genes
--
e39
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
Raf-1{active}
--
e40
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000015 |
--
ERK1{active}
--
e43
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000004670 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
Rab5:PI3K classIII
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
EEA1
--
e47
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
PIP3:EEA1
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4:MD-2
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2
--
e6
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
Rab5:PIP3:EEA1
--
e63
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
PI(3,4,5)P3
--
e64
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
LY294002
--
e68
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,10549626 For example, lipopolysaccaride (LPS) present in the surface membrane of Gram-negative bacteria engages the TLR4/MD-2 complex, while peptidoglycan (PGN) and bacterial lipoproteins (BLPs) present in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria engage TLR2
p9
p10
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
m22*m10*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 This leads to the activation of both MAPKs (JNK1/2 and P38) and IKK complex, culminating upregulation of transcription factors including NF-kB and AP-1.
p9
p11
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m22*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 This leads to the activation of both MAPKs (JNK1/2 and P38) and IKK complex, culminating upregulation of transcription factors including NF-kB and AP-1.
p9
p12
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
m207*m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 This leads to the activation of both MAPKs (JNK1/2 and P38) and IKK complex, culminating upregulation of transcription factors including NF-kB and AP-1. PMID: 14751759,10601019,11971021,10623843 The TLR9 signaling cascade involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), and NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK)-IKK-IkB pathways
p13
p13
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
m22*m174*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,10601019,11971021,10623843 The TLR9 signaling cascade involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), and NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK)-IKK-IkB pathways
p13
p14
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
m25*m207*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,10601019,11971021,10623843 The TLR9 signaling cascade involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), and NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK)-IKK-IkB pathways PMID: 14751759 This leads to the activation of both MAPKs (JNK1/2 and P38) and IKK complex, culminating upregulation of transcription factors including NF-kB and AP-1.
p15
p15
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m93217*m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,12356687 In macrophages, CpG DNA also induces IFN-b production, which then upregulates STAT1 phosphorylation and IP-10 production through IFN-a/b receptor in an autocrine manner
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
m1636*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759, 12356687 In macrophages, CpG DNA also induces IFN-b production, which then upregulates STAT1 phosphorylation and IP-10 production through IFN-a/b receptor in an autocrine manner
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m1636*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759, 12356687 In macrophages, CpG DNA also induces IFN-b production, which then upregulates STAT1 phosphorylation and IP-10 production through IFN-a/b receptor in an autocrine manner
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
m32*m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,12356687 In macrophages, CpG DNA also induces IFN-b production, which then upregulates STAT1 phosphorylation and IP-10 production through IFN-a/b receptor in an autocrine manner
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
m32*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,12356687 In macrophages, CpG DNA also induces IFN-b production, which then upregulates STAT1 phosphorylation and IP-10 production through IFN-a/b receptor in an autocrine manner
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m155701*m3964*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,10549626 For example, lipopolysaccaride (LPS) present in the surface membrane of Gram-negative bacteria engages the TLR4/MD-2 complex, while peptidoglycan (PGN) and bacterial lipoproteins (BLPs) present in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria engage TLR2
p20
p20
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m29*m1357*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,12356687 In macrophages, CpG DNA also induces IFN-b production, which then upregulates STAT1 phosphorylation and IP-10 production through IFN-a/b receptor in an autocrine manner
p20
p21
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m31*m1357*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,12356687 In macrophages, CpG DNA also induces IFN-b production, which then upregulates STAT1 phosphorylation and IP-10 production through IFN-a/b receptor in an autocrine manner
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
m26*m35*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 This leads to the activation of both MAPKs (JNK1/2 and P38) and IKK complex, culminating upregulation of transcription factors including NF-kB and AP-1. PMID: 14751759,10601019,11971021,10623843 The TLR9 signaling cascade involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), and NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK)-IKK-IkB pathways
p23
p23
cso30:i:ME_UnknownDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 This leads to the activation of both MAPKs (JNK1/2 and P38) and IKK complex, culminating upregulation of transcription factors including NF-kB and AP-1. PMID: 14751759,10601019,11971021,10623843 The TLR9 signaling cascade involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), and NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK)-IKK-IkB pathways PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p24
p24
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 This leads to the activation of both MAPKs (JNK1/2 and P38) and IKK complex, culminating upregulation of transcription factors including NF-kB and AP-1. PMID: 14751759,10601019,11971021,10623843 The TLR9 signaling cascade involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), and NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK)-IKK-IkB pathways PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p24
p25
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
m1818*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 This leads to the activation of both MAPKs (JNK1/2 and P38) and IKK complex, culminating upregulation of transcription factors including NF-kB and AP-1. PMID: 14751759,10601019,11971021,10623843 The TLR9 signaling cascade involves mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), and NF-kB-inducing kinase (NIK)-IKK-IkB pathways PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p26
p26
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
m23*m3981*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p26
p27
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
m1818*m3981*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p26
p28
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
m26*m3981*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p26
p29
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
m23*m2057*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m3964*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,10549626 For example, lipopolysaccaride (LPS) present in the surface membrane of Gram-negative bacteria engages the TLR4/MD-2 complex, while peptidoglycan (PGN) and bacterial lipoproteins (BLPs) present in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria engage TLR2
p26
p30
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
m1818*m2057*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p26
p31
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
m26*m2057*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p32
p32
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
m219*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
m40*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p32
p35
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
m34*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11971021,9799232,10940886,10602032 The signaling cascade culminates in the activation of several transcription factors including NF-kB, activating protein-1 (AP-1), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), which directly upregulate cytokine/chemokine gene expression
p36
p36
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
m42*m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
p36
p37
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
m43*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
p36
p38
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
m1135*m43*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
p36
p39
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
m549*m44*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m14*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11564765 Our lab demonstrated that CpG recognition in humans is also mediated by TLR9
p36
p40
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
m45*m549*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
p36
p41
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
m44*m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
p36
p42
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
m45*m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
p36
p43
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
m38*m554*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
p44
p44
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
m219*m94230*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
p45
p45
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
m1639*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759, 11564765 Upon IFNg treatment, both TLR9 mRNA expression and responsiveness to CpG DNA are up-regulated in PBMC
p46
p46
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11947920,11751985 LPS also up-regulates mTLR9 mRNA expression in RAW264.7 macrophages, while colony stimulating factor-1 down-regulates constitutive mRNA expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages
p47
p47
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
m4180*m2391*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Indeed, Rab5-mediated recruitment of class III PI3K (PI3K (III)) leads to the production of PI(3)P in the endosomal membrane, which binds to the FYVE domain of early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), recruiting it on to the membrane.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
m63*m67*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Indeed, Rab5-mediated recruitment of class III PI3K (PI3K (III)) leads to the production of PI(3)P in the endosomal membrane, which binds to the FYVE domain of early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), recruiting it on to the membrane.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m1572*m15*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 TLR9-mediated signaling proceeds through MyD88, an adaptor protein recruited to the TIR, which then activates the IRAK1-TRAF6-TAK1 pathway PMID: 14751759 The signal initiates with the recruitment of MyD88 to the TIR, which then activates IRAK-TRAF6-TAK1 complex.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
m64*m4180*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,10891392,12061891,9852157 The recruited EEA1 also associates with Rab5 and regulates homotypic fusion and trafficking of early endosomes
p51
p51
cso30:i:ME_UnknownProduction
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
m6179*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,10485710,10698680 The PI(3, 4, 5)P3, product of class I PI3K (PI3K (I)), has been demonstrated to activate a signaling cascade consisting of 3prime-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and the protein kinase Akt/protein kinase B (AKT/PKB)
p52
p52
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
m67*m2019*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,10485710,10698680 The PI(3, 4, 5)P3, product of class I PI3K (PI3K (I)), has been demonstrated to activate a signaling cascade consisting of 3prime-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and the protein kinase Akt/protein kinase B (AKT/PKB)
p53
p53
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
m68*m69*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,10485710,10698680 The PI(3, 4, 5)P3, product of class I PI3K (PI3K (I)), has been demonstrated to activate a signaling cascade consisting of 3prime-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) and the protein kinase Akt/protein kinase B (AKT/PKB)
p54
p54
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
m14*m69*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759,11751939 CpG DNA also induces phosphorylation of AKT/PKB thereby inhibiting apoptosis in DCs, an effect that is reversed by a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002
p55
p55
cso30:i:CE_Apoptosis_InhibitionOfCellSurvival_
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
PMID: 14751759,11751939 CpG DNA also induces phosphorylation of AKT/PKB thereby inhibiting apoptosis in DCs, an effect that is reversed by a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002
p36
p56
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
m46*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2-AP-1 pathway is involved in CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production inmacrophages.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 Indeed, Rab5-mediated recruitment of class III PI3K (PI3K (III)) leads to the production of PI(3)P in the endosomal membrane, which binds to the FYVE domain of early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), recruiting it on to the membrane.
p6
p6
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m19*m184*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 TLR9-mediated signaling proceeds through MyD88, an adaptor protein recruited to the TIR, which then activates the IRAK1-TRAF6-TAK1 pathway PMID: 14751759 The signal initiates with the recruitment of MyD88 to the TIR, which then activates IRAK-TRAF6-TAK1 complex.
p6
p7
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m20*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 TLR9-mediated signaling proceeds through MyD88, an adaptor protein recruited to the TIR, which then activates the IRAK1-TRAF6-TAK1 pathway PMID: 14751759 The signal initiates with the recruitment of MyD88 to the TIR, which then activates IRAK-TRAF6-TAK1 complex.
p6
p8
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m21*m1573*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 TLR9-mediated signaling proceeds through MyD88, an adaptor protein recruited to the TIR, which then activates the IRAK1-TRAF6-TAK1 pathway PMID: 14751759 The signal initiates with the recruitment of MyD88 to the TIR, which then activates IRAK-TRAF6-TAK1 complex.
p9
p9
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
m997*m22*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 14751759 This leads to the activation of both MAPKs (JNK1/2 and P38) and IKK complex, culminating upregulation of transcription factors including NF-kB and AP-1.
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--