PMID: 14962188 The first phase occurs once cells have productively rearranged the m-heavy chain (HC) and express the preB-cell receptor (preBCR).

PMID: 14962188, 7831294, 7964471, 11602642 Not only do progenitor B cells require IL-7 for efficient in vitro differentiation (3) but also to reach one of the earliest identifiable stages of B-cell development based on the expression of CD19.

PMID: 14962188, 9022004, 7686307, 9495344 For example, IL-7 has been implicated in altering the expression of RAG proteins, targeting of the recombination machinery to specific Ig gene segments, and also by inducing signal transducers and activators of transcription-5 (STAT5)-dependent accessibility of the T-cell receptor (TCR) lambda locus.

PMID: 14962188 The activation of both the preBCR and the IL-7R can induce survival, proliferation, and differentiation of cells during the proB to preB-cell transition.

PMID: 14962188, 8589262, 9864155 Heparin and heparan sulfate have also been shown to influence the activity of IL-7.

PMID: 14962188, 8589262, 9864155 Heparin and heparan sulfate have also been shown to influence the activity of IL-7.

PMID: 14962188, 7831294, 7964471, 11602642 Not only do progenitor B cells require IL-7 for efficient in vitro differentiation (3) but also to reach one of the earliest identifiable stages of B-cell development based on the expression of CD19. PMID: 14962188 The first phase occurs once cells have productively rearranged the m-heavy chain (HC) and express the preB-cell receptor (preBCR).

PMID: 14962188, 10379911 Signaling pathways known to be activated by the IL-7R include the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT cascade, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Ras-GTPase pathways.

PMID: 14962188, 10379911 Signaling pathways known to be activated by the IL-7R include the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT cascade, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Ras-GTPase pathways.

PMID: 14962188, 10379911 Signaling pathways known to be activated by the IL-7R include the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT cascade, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Ras-GTPase pathways.

PMID: 14962188, 10379911 Signaling pathways known to be activated by the IL-7R include the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT cascade, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and Ras-GTPase pathways.

PMID: 14962188 Binding of IL-7 to the specific IL-7Ra chain leads to heterodimerization with the gammac chain.

PMID: 14962188 Ras is also activated by the preBCR.

PMID: 14962188, 11672535 ERK is specifically activated following preB-cell stimulation with IL-7, and this activation can occur concurrently with ERK phosphorylation mediated by the preBCR. PMID: 14962188 pERK derived from preBCR signals can also contribute to the amount of activated ERK.

PMID: 14962188, 11672535 ERK is specifically activated following preB-cell stimulation with IL-7, and this activation can occur concurrently with ERK phosphorylation mediated by the preBCR.

PMID: 14962188, 12039909, 9233622, 8548286 The hypothesis that no ligand is required for preBCR function is supported by the finding that a variety of truncated preBCR constructs retain their function in the absence of most of the extracellular portion of the complex and/or the ability to bind SLCs.

PMID: 14962188, 12271131 In humans, galectin-1 has been identified as a binding partner for the preBCR.

PMID: 14962188 This interaction requires the unique tail of l5, which binds heparan sulfate as a ligand.

PMID: 14962188, 1722112 heparin treatment of preBCR+ 70Z/3 cells induces internalization of the receptor.

PMID; 14962188, 8707854, 7812048, 10229831 Both B cells and stromal cells produce syndecan-1 and syndecan-4.

PMID; 14962188, 8707854, 7812048, 10229831 Both B cells and stromal cells produce syndecan-1 and syndecan-4.

PMID; 14962188, 8707854, 7812048, 10229831 Both B cells and stromal cells produce syndecan-1 and syndecan-4.

PMID: 14962188, 11062498 Hemokinin-1 (HK1) is produced by preB cells and acts in an autocrine or paracrine fashion at this critical checkpoint.

PMID; 14962188, 8707854, 7812048, 10229831 Both B cells and stromal cells produce syndecan-1 and syndecan-4.

PMID: 14962188 Similar to other small bioactive peptides, tachykinins are generated through proteolytic cleavage of larger precursors called preprotachykinins (PPTs).

PMID: 14962188 Recent studies by several groups have shown that HK1, when applied at different concentrations, leads to the activation of all three known receptors.

PMID: 14962188 Recent studies by several groups have shown that HK1, when applied at different concentrations, leads to the activation of all three known receptors.

PMID: 14962188 Recent studies by several groups have shown that HK1, when applied at different concentrations, leads to the activation of all three known receptors.

PMID: 14962188, 2445815, 1706387 Production of Igs by B lymphocytes, for example, is enhanced by substance P following LPS or antigen stimulation.

PMID: 14962188, 2445815, 1706387 Production of Igs by B lymphocytes, for example, is enhanced by substance P following LPS or antigen stimulation.

PMID: 14962188, 2445815, 1706387 Production of Igs by B lymphocytes, for example, is enhanced by substance P following LPS or antigen stimulation.

PMID: 14962188, 11062498 Hemokinin-1 (HK1) is produced by preB cells and acts in an autocrine or paracrine fashion at this critical checkpoint.

PMID: 14962188, 7688784 The preBCR complex includes surrogate lightchain (SLC) proteins l5 and VpreB and the signaling components Igalpha and Igbeta.

PMID: 14962188, 9973461 For example, recombination-activating gene-2 (RAG2)-deficient proB cells exhibit higher levels of Bax, a pro-apoptotic mediator, and an increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio, consistent with elevated susceptibility to apoptosis.

PMID: 14962188, 9973461 For example, recombination-activating gene-2 (RAG2)-deficient proB cells exhibit higher levels of Bax, a pro-apoptotic mediator, and an increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio, consistent with elevated susceptibility to apoptosis.

PMID: 14962188, 1372556, 7545464 IL-7 is a 25-kDa member of the hematopoietin family secreted by reticular stromal cells in the bone marrow, thymic cortical epithelial cells, as well as by other cell types.

PMID: 14962188 In the absence of a signal mediated by IL-7 binding to its receptor, Band T-cell differentiation is severely impaired.