Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Toll-like receptor 3: a link between toll-like receptor, interferon and viruses.
Affiliation
Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and CardiovascularDiseases, Osaka, Japan. matsumoto-mi@mc.pref.osaka.jp
Abstract
Production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) by virus-infected cells is thecentral event in their antiviral immune responses. In mammalian cells,IFN-alpha/beta gene transcription is induced through distinct signaling pathwaysby viral infection or by treatment with double-stranded (ds) RNA, which is anintermediate of virus replication. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) was found torecognize dsRNA and transmit signals to activate NF-kappaB and the IFN-betapromoter. Recent identification of the TLR3-adaptor protein and its downstreamsignaling molecules, which are involved in IFN-alpha/beta production, revealed anovel IFN-inducing pathway for an anti-viral immune response. Here, we summarizethe current knowledge of TLR3-mediated immune responses.
PMID
15031527
|
Entity
TLR3
--
G010963
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m93849
10
infinite
0
TRANSFAC | G010963 |
--
GM-CSF
--
MO000000099
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m88
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000773 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000099 |
--
TRAF6
--
MO000000212
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m183
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001841 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000212 |
--
TNF-alpha
--
MO000000289
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m230
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003636 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000289 |
--
MyD88
--
MO000016573
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1572
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016573 |
--
IFN Type I
--
MO000016658
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1634
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016658 |
--
IFNalpha1
--
MO000016659
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1635
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000471 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016659 |
--
IL-4
--
MO000017053
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1947
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001325 |
TRANSPATH | MO000017053 |
--
cytokines
--
MO000019387
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3957
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019387 |
--
dsRNA:PKR
--
MO000022225
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m6524
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000022225 |
--
IFNalpha, IFNbeta
--
MO000038482
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m16692
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038482 |
--
TRIF
--
MO000041125
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m18998
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041125 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF
--
MO000041437
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19305
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041437 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF:TBK1:IKK-i
--
MO000041441
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19309
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041441 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
MO000041446
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19314
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041446 |
--
IRF-3{p}
--
MO000041456
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19324
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
--
e11
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4
--
e12
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin: TLR5
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM
--
e14
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM: TRIF
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL: MyD88
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
TRAF6 {activated}
--
e19
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001841 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000212 |
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2: TLR1
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2: TLR6
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
Lp: TLR2: TLR1
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
Lp: TLR2: TLR6
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
Peptidoglycan: TLR2: TLR1
--
e26
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
Peptidoglycan: TLR2: TLR6
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
Peptidoglycan
--
e28
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
Poly I: C
--
e29
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
Poly I: C: TLR3
--
e30
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
Type I IFN
--
e31
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
IFN alpha/beta receptor
--
e32
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
IFNalpha/beta
--
e33
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
IFN alpha/beta: IFN alpha/beta receptor
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
IFNalpha,IFNbeta
--
e35
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
IL-12p70
--
e36
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
IL-12p70
--
e37
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
cytokines
--
e38
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
chloroquine
--
e39
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
Peptidoglycan: TLR2: TLR1: MAL
--
e40
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
Peptidoglycan: TLR2: TLR1: MAL: MyD88
--
e41
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9: MyD88
--
e42
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin: TLR5: MyD88
--
e43
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR
--
e45
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB {activated}
--
e48
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
imidazoquinoline
--
e49
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
--
e5
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
--
e6
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
imidazoquinoline: TLR7
--
e63
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
imidazoquinoline: TLR7: MyD88
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
Poly I: C: TLR3: TRIF
--
e65
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m155666*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are engaged in the recognition of bacterial PAMPs such as LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, and ?agellin.
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
m183*m19305*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Although the downstream signaling path- way of TICAM-1 to activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases remain largely unknown, TICAM-1 appears to bridge TLR3 and TRAF6 to activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases.
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m18*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m2549*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are engaged in the recognition of bacterial PAMPs such as LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, and ?agellin. PMID: 15031527 TLR2 recognizes various PAMPs in cooperation with TLR1 and TLR6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
m21*m2549*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are engaged in the recognition of bacterial PAMPs such as LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, and ?agellin. PMID: 15031527 TLR2 recognizes various PAMPs in cooperation with TLR1 and TLR6.
p14
p14
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
m119368*m1055*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 7568028, 7568028 dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) recognizes intracellular dsRNA, a virus-associated molecular pattern, and induces anti-viral cellular responses including type I IFN production (8, 25).
p15
p15
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
m977*m19309*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 IKK-epsilon and TBK-1 are key kinases acting downstream of TICAM-1, which phosphorylate IRF-3, a main transcription factor for IFN-beta gene expression. PMID: 15031527, 11070172, 11244049 The transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are essential for virus-induced IFN-alpha/beta gene expression, which are activated by phosphorylation via virus-activated kinase(VAK) (41, 45).
p16
p16
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
m980*m19309*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11070172, 11244049 The transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are essential for virus-induced IFN-alpha/beta gene expression, which are activated by phosphorylation via virus-activated kinase(VAK) (41, 45).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m19828*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11561001, 12960343 In addition, the second type of DC precursor cell, pre-DC2 (previously known as plasmacytoid DC precursor), which expresses TLR7 and TLR9 and secretes large amounts of IFN-alpha in response to imidazoquinoline (TLR7 ligand) or CpG DNA (TLR9 ligand), does not express TLR3 (23, 29).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m29*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are engaged in the recognition of bacterial PAMPs such as LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, and ?agellin. PMID: 15031527 TLR2 recognizes various PAMPs in cooperation with TLR1 and TLR6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m29*m21*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are engaged in the recognition of bacterial PAMPs such as LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, and ?agellin. PMID: 15031527 TLR2 recognizes various PAMPs in cooperation with TLR1 and TLR6.
p2
p2
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m119368*m3965*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11607032, 12054664 Indeed, we and another group independently found that TLR3 is a receptor for dsRNA that transmits signals that activate NF-kappaB and the IFN-beta promoter (4, 28).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m3965*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12609980 Recently, it has been reported that poly(I:C)-induced TLR3-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase is through an IRAK-independent and TRAF6-dependent pathway (54).
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m1947*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Such induction also is observed during iDCs differentiation with GM-CSF and IL-4.
p22
p22
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
m88*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 The TLR3 expression is induced during differentiation from monocytes to macrophages with GM-CSF.
p23
p23
cso30:i:CE_CellDifferentiation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
PMID: 15031527 Such induction also is observed during iDCs differentiation with GM-CSF and IL-4.
p24
p24
cso30:i:CE_CellDifferentiation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
PMID: 15031527 Such induction also is observed during iDCs differentiation with GM-CSF and IL-4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12960343 These TLR3-positive cells produce type I IFN, particularly IFN-beta upon viral infection or treatment with poly(I:C).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m93217*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12960343 These TLR3-positive cells produce type I IFN, particularly IFN-beta upon viral infection or treatment with poly(I:C).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12960343 These TLR3-positive cells produce type I IFN, particularly IFN-beta upon viral infection or treatment with poly(I:C).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12960343 These TLR3-positive cells produce type I IFN, particularly IFN-beta upon viral infection or treatment with poly(I:C).
p29
p29
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
m93216*m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 By using IFN-alpha/beta?receptor-null cells, it was revealed that poly(I:C) induces IFN-alpha/beta?secretion in DCs.
p3
p3
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
m19314*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Although the downstream signaling path- way of TICAM-1 to activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases remain largely unknown, TICAM-1 appears to bridge TLR3 and TRAF6 to activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases. PMID: 15031527, 12471095 Meanwhile, Yamamoto et al. identi?ed the same molecule from the database and named it TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) (51).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
m34*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Released IFN-alpha/beta acts on DCs in an autocline manner through IFN-alpha/beta?receptors to induce TLR3 expression.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
m35*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Released IFN-alpha/beta acts on DCs in an autocline manner through IFN-alpha/beta?receptors to induce TLR3 expression. PMID: 15031527, 12672806, 14575692 The IFN-responsive element (ISRE) located around 30 bp of the human TLR3 promoter region is responsible for virus- and poly(I:C)-induced TLR3 gene expression (16,44). PMID: 15031527, 12672806 The sequences of the proximal promoter regions, as well as the non-cod-ing 5'-exons, are different in these two species (16).
p32
p32
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 LPS strongly up-regulates the TLR3 expression in mouse macrophages and DCs.
PMID: 15031527, 10049946, 12960343 DC maturation is induced by poly(I:C) stimulation (7,29). PMID: 15031527, 11607032, 11286707 Poly(I:C) and LPS induce DC maturation even in MyD88-de?cient mice (4, 24).
p34
p34
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
m31*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Upon poly(I:C) stimulation, DCs produce IFN-alpha/beta and IL-12p70 and up-regulate co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD83, and CD86 via intracellular TLR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
m31*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Upon poly(I:C) stimulation, DCs produce IFN-alpha/beta and IL-12p70 and up-regulate co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD83, and CD86 via intracellular TLR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Upon poly(I:C) stimulation, DCs produce IFN-alpha/beta and IL-12p70 and up-regulate co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD83, and CD86 via intracellular TLR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Upon poly(I:C) stimulation, DCs produce IFN-alpha/beta and IL-12p70 and up-regulate co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD83, and CD86 via intracellular TLR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Upon poly(I:C) stimulation, DCs produce IFN-alpha/beta and IL-12p70 and up-regulate co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD83, and CD86 via intracellular TLR3.
p39
p39
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
m31*m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12960343 In monocyte-derived iDCs, poly(I:C)-induced cytokine secretion was markedly reduced by pretreatment of the cells with endosomal acidi?cation inhibitor, chloroquine (29).
p4
p4
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m3966*m6485*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are engaged in the recognition of bacterial PAMPs such as LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, and ?agellin.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
m43675*m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11544529, 11526399, 12447442 Another adaptor protein, Mal/TIRAP cooperatively mediates TLR2 and TLR4 signal transduction and does not participate in a MyD88-independent pathway (11, 19, 20, 49). PMID: 15031527 TLR2 uses MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP to induce in?ammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12p40) and DC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
m1572*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11544529, 11526399, 12447442 Another adaptor protein, Mal/TIRAP cooperatively mediates TLR2 and TLR4 signal transduction and does not participate in a MyD88-independent pathway (11, 19, 20, 49). PMID: 15031527, 12524386 TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 have been shown to transduce signals via MyD88 upon ligand stimulation (43). PMID: 15031527 TLR2 uses MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP to induce in?ammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12p40) and DC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
m1572*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12524386 TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 have been shown to transduce signals via MyD88 upon ligand stimulation (43).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
m1572*m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12524386 TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 have been shown to transduce signals via MyD88 upon ligand stimulation (43).
p44
p44
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
m3962*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
m46*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12217523 The TIR domain that is responsible for signaling and recruiting the adaptor protein MyD88 is present in the cytoplasmic regions in all TLR proteins (22).
p46
p46
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
m184*m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3).
p47
p47
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
m19325*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11070172, 11244049 The transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are essential for virus-induced IFN-alpha/beta gene expression, which are activated by phosphorylation via virus-activated kinase(VAK) (41, 45).
p48
p48
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
m69*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3). PMID: 15031527, 12609980 Recently, it has been reported that poly(I:C)-induced TLR3-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase is through an IRAK-independent and TRAF6-dependent pathway (54).
p49
p49
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
m24*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3). PMID: 15031527, 12609980 Recently, it has been reported that poly(I:C)-induced TLR3-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase is through an IRAK-independent and TRAF6-dependent pathway (54). PMID: 15031527, 11607032, 12054664 Indeed, we and another group independently found that TLR3 is a receptor for dsRNA that transmits signals that activate NF-kappaB and the IFN-beta promoter (4, 28).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m43675*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11544529, 11526399, 12447442 Another adaptor protein, Mal/TIRAP cooperatively mediates TLR2 and TLR4 signal transduction and does not participate in a MyD88-independent pathway (11, 19, 20, 49).
p50
p50
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
m93309*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
m93248*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m93589*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3). PMID: 15031527 TLR2 uses MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP to induce in?ammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12p40) and DC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3). PMID: 15031527 TLR2 uses MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP to induce in?ammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12p40) and DC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12893815 Upon stimulation, TLRs activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases via MyD88-IRAK-TRAF6, leading to the production of in?ammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p40 (3). PMID: 15031527 TLR2 uses MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP to induce in?ammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12p40) and DC maturation.
p56
p56
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
m6524*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 7568028, 7568028 dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) recognizes intracellular dsRNA, a virus-associated molecular pattern, and induces anti-viral cellular responses including type I IFN production (8, 25).
PMID: 15031527 TLR2 uses MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP to induce in?ammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12p40) and DC maturation.
p58
p58
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
m19940*m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11561001, 12960343 In addition, the second type of DC precursor cell, pre-DC2 (previously known as plasmacytoid DC precursor), which expresses TLR7 and TLR9 and secretes large amounts of IFN-alpha in response to imidazoquinoline (TLR7 ligand) or CpG DNA (TLR9 ligand), does not express TLR3 (23, 29).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
m64*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12524386 TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 have been shown to transduce signals via MyD88 upon ligand stimulation (43).
p6
p6
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
m19309*m3902*m1599*m19305*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 IKK-epsilon and TBK-1 are key kinases acting downstream of TICAM-1, which phosphorylate IRF-3, a main transcription factor for IFN-beta gene expression. PMID: 15031527, 12692549 By employing co-immunoprecipitation experiments, Maniatis et al. showed that TBK-1 and IKK-epsilon are associated with TICAM-1, suggesting that these kinases may function downstream of TICAM-1.
p60
p60
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
m43*m93216*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11561001, 12960343 In addition, the second type of DC precursor cell, pre-DC2 (previously known as plasmacytoid DC precursor), which expresses TLR7 and TLR9 and secretes large amounts of IFN-alpha in response to imidazoquinoline (TLR7 ligand) or CpG DNA (TLR9 ligand), does not express TLR3 (23, 29).
p61
p61
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
m65*m93216*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11561001, 12960343 In addition, the second type of DC precursor cell, pre-DC2 (previously known as plasmacytoid DC precursor), which expresses TLR7 and TLR9 and secretes large amounts of IFN-alpha in response to imidazoquinoline (TLR7 ligand) or CpG DNA (TLR9 ligand), does not express TLR3 (23, 29).
p62
p62
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 IKK-epsilon and TBK-1 are key kinases acting downstream of TICAM-1, which phosphorylate IRF-3, a main transcription factor for IFN-beta gene expression. PMID: 15031527 TLR3 uses TICAM-1 to induce IFN-beta, in?ammatory cytokines, and DC maturation. PMID: 15031527, 11607032, 12054664 Indeed, we and another group independently found that TLR3 is a receptor for dsRNA that transmits signals that activate NF-kappaB and the IFN-beta promoter (4, 28).
PMID: 15031527, 11607032, 11286707 Poly(I:C) and LPS induce DC maturation even in MyD88-de?cient mice (4, 24).
p64
p64
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
m183*m66*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 12609980 Recently, it has been reported that poly(I:C)-induced TLR3-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase is through an IRAK-independent and TRAF6-dependent pathway (54).
p65
p65
cso30:i:CE_CellDifferentiation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
PMID: 15031527 TLR3 uses TICAM-1 to induce IFN-beta, in?ammatory cytokines, and DC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
m19305*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR3 uses TICAM-1 to induce IFN-beta, in?ammatory cytokines, and DC maturation.
PMID: 15031527 TLR4 uses MyD88, Mal/TIRAP, TICAM-1, and TICAM-2 to induce IFN-beta, in?ammatory cytokines, and DC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR4 uses MyD88, Mal/TIRAP, TICAM-1, and TICAM-2 to induce IFN-beta, in?ammatory cytokines, and DC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
m17*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR4 uses MyD88, Mal/TIRAP, TICAM-1, and TICAM-2 to induce IFN-beta, in?ammatory cytokines, and DC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
m12*m19005*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 14517278, 14519765, 14556004 Recently, a novel adaptor molecule named TICAM-2 (also called TRAM) was identi?ed. It is involved in TLR4-mediated signaling leading to the production of IFN-beta (13, 37, 52).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
m31*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 Although the downstream signaling path- way of TICAM-1 to activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases remain largely unknown, TICAM-1 appears to bridge TLR3 and TRAF6 to activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases. PMID: 15031527, 12471095 Meanwhile, Yamamoto et al. identi?ed the same molecule from the database and named it TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) (51).
p71
p71
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11070172, 11244049 The transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 are essential for virus-induced IFN-alpha/beta gene expression, which are activated by phosphorylation via virus-activated kinase(VAK) (41, 45).
p8
p8
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m19005*m14*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527 TLR4 uses MyD88, Mal/TIRAP, TICAM-1, and TICAM-2 to induce IFN-beta, in?ammatory cytokines, and DC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m15*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15031527, 11544529, 11526399, 12447442 Another adaptor protein, Mal/TIRAP cooperatively mediates TLR2 and TLR4 signal transduction and does not participate in a MyD88-independent pathway (11, 19, 20, 49). PMID: 15031527, 12524386 TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 have been shown to transduce signals via MyD88 upon ligand stimulation (43).
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--