Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Post-transcriptional regulation of proinflammatory proteins.
Affiliation
Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Smith 652, One Jimmy FundWay, Boston, MA 02115, USA. panderson@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
Abstract
Post-transcriptional mechanisms play a critical role in regulating theexpression of numerous proteins that promote inflammatory arthritis. The mRNAsencoding a subset of these proteins possess adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs)in their 3'-untranslated regions that profoundly influence the rate at whichmRNA is degraded and translated into protein. Tristetraprolin (TTP) and T cellintracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) are ARE-binding proteins that dampen theexpression of this class of proteins by promoting mRNA degradation and proteintranslation, respectively. We have discovered that TIA-1 and TTP function asarthritis-suppressor genes: TIA-1-/- mice develop mild arthritis, TTP-/- micedevelop severe arthritis, and TIA-1-/-TTP-/- mice develop very severe arthritis.Paradoxically, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages derived fromTIA-1-/-TTP-/- macrophages produce less tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)than TIA-1-/- or TTP-/- macrophages. The bone marrows of these mice exhibitincreased cellularity, reflecting the presence of mature neutrophils thatsecrete TNF-alpha in response to LPS stimulation. We hypothesize thatTIA-1-/-TTP-/- neutrophils are a source of arthritigenic TNF-alpha, whichpromotes severe erosive arthritis in these mice.
PMID
15075353
|
Entity
TNF-alpha
--
MO000000289
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m230
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003636 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000289 |
--
arachidonic acid
--
MO000000310
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m349736
10
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TRANSPATH | MO000000310 |
--
prostaglandins
--
MO000021832
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cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
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--
csml-variable:Double
m6166
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0
Ensembl | ENSG00000035862 |
TRANSPATH | MO000021832 |
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--
e1
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e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
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--
csml-variable:Double
m10
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0
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TTP
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e11
cso30:c:Protein
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csml-variable:Double
m11
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TTP
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e12
cso30:c:mRNA
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TLRs
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e13
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--
csml-variable:Double
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LPS:TLRs
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e14
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csml-variable:Double
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PERK
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e16
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csml-variable:Double
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PERK
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GCN2
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e18
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GCN2{active}
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e2
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--
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csml-variable:Double
m2
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eIF2alpha
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e20
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m20
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eIF2alpha{p}
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e21
cso30:c:Protein
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csml-variable:Double
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TTP
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e22
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csml-variable:Double
m22
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TTP{p}
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e23
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csml-variable:Double
m23
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alkaline phosphatase
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MK2
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e25
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csml-variable:Double
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TTP{p}:14-3-3
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e26
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TNF-alpha:TNFR
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TNFR
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csml-variable:Double
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p38 inhibitor
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m31
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mRNA
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initiation complex:TIA1:mRNA
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e32
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e4
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e50
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e51
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csml-variable:Double
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--
--
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e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
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csml-variable:Double
m59
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NTPs
--
e6
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m6
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0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
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--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
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--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
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0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
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--
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e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
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--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_UnknownProduction
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
m349736*m2122*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 12086290, 11177775 COX-2 is an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into proinflammatory prostaglandins.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 10557102, 10655230, 10882126, 11106749 Stress-induced translational arrest is characterized by the activation of one or more members of a family of serine/threonine kinases [e.g., double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), GCN2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 10557102, 10655230, 10882126, 11106749 Stress-induced translational arrest is characterized by the activation of one or more members of a family of serine/threonine kinases [e.g., double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), GCN2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
m20*m15*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 11909525 These kinases phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2{alpha} (eIF2{alpha}), a component of the ternary complex that loads tRNAiMet onto the small ribosomal subunit to initiate protein synthesis
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
m20*m17*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 11909525 These kinases phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2{alpha} (eIF2{alpha}), a component of the ternary complex that loads tRNAiMet onto the small ribosomal subunit to initiate protein synthesis
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
m20*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 11909525 These kinases phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2{alpha} (eIF2{alpha}), a component of the ternary complex that loads tRNAiMet onto the small ribosomal subunit to initiate protein synthesis
PMID: 15075353, 11438658 Phosphorylation of eIF2{alpha} inhibits protein translation by reducing the availability of an active ternary complex.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m23*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 11546803 In extracts of 293 cells, calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase-induced dephosphorylation of recombinant TTP increases its affinity for AREs.
p17
p17
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
m22*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 11546803, 11533235 One of the candidate substrates for p38MAPK is TTP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m22*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353 We found that MK2-induced phosphorylation of TTP results in the assembly of 14-3-3:TTP complexes, which are actively excluded from SGs.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
m66*m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353 We identified serine residues 52 and 178 as sites that are phosphorylated following p38MAPK/MK2 activation to create 14-3-3-binding sites.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 12010565, 11817610, 11040455, 10517187 MMP-13 is a TNF-{alpha}-induced collagenase that has been implicated in proinflammatory, angiogenic, and destructive processes within the joint of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 15075353, 12767518, 12060661, 14516792, 12937622, 12852754, 12874238 pharmacological inhibitors of p38MAPK prevent the expression of TNF-{alpha}, COX-2, MMP-13, and other proinflammatory proteins.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
m29*m230*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 12010565, 11817610, 11040455, 10517187 MMP-13 is a TNF-{alpha}-induced collagenase that has been implicated in proinflammatory, angiogenic, and destructive processes within the joint of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 12767518, 12060661, 14516792, 12937622, 12852754, 12874238 pharmacological inhibitors of p38MAPK prevent the expression of TNF-{alpha}, COX-2, MMP-13, and other proinflammatory proteins.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m31*m44116*m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353 TIA-1 interacts with specific components of the initiation complex that are assembled at the 5'-end of the transcript.
p3
p3
cso30:i:ME_UnknownDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
m93309*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 10330172, 10751406, 11279239, 9703499 TTP is a zinc-finger protein that promotes the degradation of TNF-{alpha} transcripts.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 9703499 In macrophages, its induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) appears to prevent the pathological overexpression of this proinflammatory cytokine.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m13*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 9703499 In macrophages, its induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) appears to prevent the pathological overexpression of this proinflammatory cytokine.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m12*m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 9703499 In macrophages, its induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) appears to prevent the pathological overexpression of this proinflammatory cytokine.
p7
p7
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
m93309*m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 10921895, 11762949 LPS-activated macrophages derived from wild-type and TIA-1?/? mice express similar amounts of TNF-{alpha} transcripts, macrophages lacking TIA-1 produce significantly more TNF-{alpha} protein than wild-type controls.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 10921895, 11762949 LPS-activated macrophages derived from wild-type and TIA-1?/? mice express similar amounts of TNF-{alpha} transcripts, macrophages lacking TIA-1 produce significantly more TNF-{alpha} protein than wild-type controls. PMID: 15075353, 12767518, 12060661, 14516792, 12937622, 12852754, 12874238 pharmacological inhibitors of p38MAPK prevent the expression of TNF-{alpha}, COX-2, MMP-13, and other proinflammatory proteins.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
m1055*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15075353, 10557102, 10655230, 10882126, 11106749 Stress-induced translational arrest is characterized by the activation of one or more members of a family of serine/threonine kinases [e.g., double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), GCN2.
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--