Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)-the critical tyrosine kinase in LPS signalling?
Affiliation
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Cytokine Research Group,Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. jefferca@tcd.ie
Abstract
The discovery of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has revolutionised the field ofinnate immunity. One unresolved question regarding LPS signalling is whetherthere is a role for tyrosine kinases downstream of the LPS receptor. Studies inmice deficient in Bruton's tyrosine kinase have previously shown that they aredefective in their responses to LPS. Further investigation into the role of Btkin LPS signalling has directly implicated Btk downstream of TLR4, both withrespect to p38 MAPK activation and activation of the transcription factorNFkappaB. In fact Btk is activated by LPS and has been shown to directly bindTLR4 and the key proximal signalling proteins involved in LPS-induced NFkappaBactivation, MyD88, Mal and IRAK-1. These recent findings point to a direct rolefor Btk in LPS signal transduction and raise interesting questions regarding themode of activation of Btk following LPS stimulation and the precise nature ofthe pathways activated downstream of Btk. A better understanding of how Btkfunctions in LPS signalling will have important implications for inflammatoryand autoimmune disorders and therapies thereof.
PMID
15081522
|
Entity
Process
PI3K{active}
--
MO000000030
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000030 |
--
Vav
--
MO000000044
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001452 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000044 |
--
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
PLCgamma
--
MO000000102
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m90
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000102 |
--
PKC{active}
--
MO000000104
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m92
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000104 |
--
AP-1{active}
--
MO000000276
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m219
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000276 |
--
TNF-alpha
--
MO000000289
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m230
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003636 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000289 |
--
Btk
--
MO000001935
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m367
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001452 |
TRANSPATH | MO000001935 |
--
IL-1beta
--
MO000016597
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1591
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016597 |
--
paxillin{active}
--
MO000017529
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2323
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001179 |
TRANSPATH | MO000017529 |
--
FcepsilonRI
--
MO000017705
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2465
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000017705 |
--
G-proteins
--
MO000018134
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2830
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000018134 |
--
protein remnants
--
MO000019479
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m360980
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019479 |
--
(TNF-alpha)3:(TNFR1)3
--
MO000038687
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m16874
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038687 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF
--
MO000041437
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19305
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041437 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
MO000041446
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19314
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041446 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8:Btk
--
e100
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m110
0
infinite
0
--
BLNK:Grb-2:Vav:PLCgamma
--
e102
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m112
0
infinite
0
--
IL-6:IL-6R
--
e103
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m113
0
infinite
0
--
NFKappaB:IKappaB{P}
--
e11
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
NFKappaB:IKappaB{p}{ub}
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB{active}
--
e14
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
TLR4:MD-2:CD14
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:PIP3
--
e18
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:PIP3
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
MyD88:PI3K
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:F-actin
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:G-protein
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:F-actin
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:G-protein
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MyD88
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MyD88:TIRAP
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:peptidoglycans
--
e30
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3{active}
--
e31
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
LPS:TLR4:TRAM
--
e32
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:TRAM:TRIF
--
e33
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
Src Kinases{active}
--
e34
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
PTKs
--
e36
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
hypomethylated DNA
--
e37
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
TLR9:DNA
--
e38
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
B Cell antigen
--
e39
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
BCR:antigen
--
e40
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
Il-1R
--
e43
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1:IL-1R
--
e44
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MyD88:TIRAP:IRAK1:Btk{active}
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MyD88:TIRAP:IRAK1
--
e47
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MyD88:TIRAP:IRAK1:Btk
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
IL-5:IL-5R
--
e49
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m97
0
infinite
0
--
NF-KappaB:IKappaB
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
Btk{p}:PIP3
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
Btk{p}:PIP3
--
e65
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
focal adhesion protein
--
e69
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
focal adhesion protein{active}
--
e70
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
--
e71
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_ExtrinsicToInternalSideOfMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m74
0
infinite
0
--
--
e72
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_ExtrinsicToExternalSideOfMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
--
e73
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulumLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
0
infinite
0
--
--
e74
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_IntegralToMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
0
infinite
0
--
--
e75
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_Membrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
0
infinite
0
--
--
e76
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
0
infinite
0
--
calcium
--
e77
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
0
infinite
0
--
calcium
--
e78
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m81
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:PLCgamma
--
e83
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m88
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:Vav
--
e84
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m89
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:Grb-2
--
e85
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m93
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:TFII-I
--
e86
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m94
0
infinite
0
--
IL-3:IL-3R
--
e87
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m96
0
infinite
0
--
Btk{active}
--
e88
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m98
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001452 |
TRANSPATH | MO000001935 |
--
G-protein:receptor
--
e89
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m99
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
FcepsilonRI antigen
--
e91
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m101
0
infinite
0
--
FcepsilonRI:receptor
--
e92
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m102
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:PIP3:IBTK
--
e93
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m103
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:PIP3:SAB
--
e94
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m104
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:BLNK
--
e95
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m105
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:PIP3:c-Cbl
--
e96
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m106
0
infinite
0
--
Bright
--
e97
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m107
0
infinite
0
--
Btk:bright
--
e98
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m108
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4:Btk
--
e99
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m109
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m5*m186*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 It (NF-KappaB) is retained in the cytosol in a negative conformation by the inhibitory protein, IKappaB.
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
m367*m157492*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 The PH domain of Btk binds selectively to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) product PIP3, any increase in which therefore promotes membrane recruitment of Btk.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Importantly, membrane targeting of Btk is the first step and a prerequisite for its activation. PMID:15081522 The PH domain of Btk binds selectively to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) product PIP3, any increase in which therefore promotes membrane recruitment of Btk.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c247 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
m27*m111*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 With respect to TLR4 signalling, PI3K has been shown to interact with the adaptor protein MyD88 PMID: 15081522 Specifically, MyD88 has been shown to become tyrosine phosphorylated after LPS stimulation, which stimulates an interaction between the newly phosphorlyated tyrosine on MyD88 and the SH2 domain of p85 PI3K and MyD88.
p13
p13
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m367*m4136*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 An additional means of membrane targeting appears to be mediated by direct interaction between the PH domain of Btk and the G-protein beta-gamma subunits and F-actin, suggesting multiple potential mechanisms for regulating Btk localisation and juxtaposition with activating kinases.
p13
p14
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
m367*m2830*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 An additional means of membrane targeting appears to be mediated by direct interaction between the PH domain of Btk and the G-protein beta-gamma subunits and F-actin, suggesting multiple potential mechanisms for regulating Btk localisation and juxtaposition with activating kinases.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 An additional means of membrane targeting appears to be mediated by direct interaction between the PH domain of Btk and the G-protein beta-gamma subunits and F-actin, suggesting multiple potential mechanisms for regulating Btk localisation and juxtaposition with activating kinases.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 An additional means of membrane targeting appears to be mediated by direct interaction between the PH domain of Btk and the G-protein beta-gamma subunits and F-actin, suggesting multiple potential mechanisms for regulating Btk localisation and juxtaposition with activating kinases.
p17
p17
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
m18*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 PI3K is activated by multiple TLR members, most notably TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9, resulting in increased PIP3 production.
p18
p18
cso30:i:ME_UnknownProduction
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 PI3K is activated by multiple TLR members, most notably TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9, resulting in increased PIP3 production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m18*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Immunoprecipitation experiments in the human pro-monocytic cell line, THP-1, revealed that Btk interacted with MyD88, Mal and IRAK-1, key proximal effectors involved in TLR4 signalling
p2
p2
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
m1593*m182*m181*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Activation of cells by appropriate stimuli activates an upstream kinase complex comprising IKK- (IKappaB kinases-) 1 and 2 in complex with a scaffold protein IKK-gamma.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m29*m6810*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Immunoprecipitation experiments in the human pro-monocytic cell line, THP-1, revealed that Btk interacted with MyD88, Mal and IRAK-1, key proximal effectors involved in TLR4 signalling
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m3964*m155701*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Of the 10 human TLR members, ligands for all but TLR10 have been described, with TLR2 recognising peptidoglycan, TLR3 recognising double stranded viral RNA and TLR9 recognising bacterial hypomethylated DNA motifs, for example
p21
p22
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m3965*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Of the 10 human TLR members, ligands for all but TLR10 have been described, with TLR2 recognising peptidoglycan, TLR3 recognising double stranded viral RNA and TLR9 recognising bacterial hypomethylated DNA motifs, for example
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
m39*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Of the 10 human TLR members, ligands for all but TLR10 have been described, with TLR2 recognising peptidoglycan, TLR3 recognising double stranded viral RNA and TLR9 recognising bacterial hypomethylated DNA motifs, for example
p24
p24
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
m18998*m19314*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,12471095,12539043 The third adapter identified, Trif (also known as TICAM-1), interacts with TLR3 and mediates TLR3-dependent induction of IFN-beta via NFKappaB and IRF-3 activation
p25
p25
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m19305*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,12471095,12539043 The third adapter identified, Trif (also known as TICAM-1), interacts with TLR3 and mediates TLR3-dependent induction of IFN-beta via NFKappaB and IRF-3 activation
p25
p26
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
m19305*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,12471095,12539043 The third adapter identified, Trif (also known as TICAM-1), interacts with TLR3 and mediates TLR3-dependent induction of IFN-beta via NFKappaB and IRF-3 activation
p27
p27
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,12471095,12539043 The third adapter identified, Trif (also known as TICAM-1), interacts with TLR3 and mediates TLR3-dependent induction of IFN-beta via NFKappaB and IRF-3 activation
p27
p28
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,12471095,12539043 The third adapter identified, Trif (also known as TICAM-1), interacts with TLR3 and mediates TLR3-dependent induction of IFN-beta via NFKappaB and IRF-3 activation
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
m18*m19005*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,14517278 Meanwhile, a fourth adapter has recently been characterised, TRAM (TRIF-related adaptor molecule), which, unlike any of the other adaptors, is specific for TLR4 signalling and regulates the MyD88-independent pathway to NFKappaB and IRF-3 activation PMID:15081522,14556004 It also regulates late NFKappaB activation in response to TLR4
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m207*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Activation of cells by appropriate stimuli activates an upstream kinase complex comprising IKK- (IKappaB kinases-) 1 and 2 in complex with a scaffold protein IKK-gamma.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
m18998*m34*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Trif is also involved in the MyD88-independent pathway activated by TLR4
p31
p31
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
m35*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,14517278 Meanwhile, a fourth adapter has recently been characterised, TRAM (TRIF-related adaptor molecule), which, unlike any of the other adaptors, is specific for TLR4 signalling and regulates the MyD88-independent pathway to NFKappaB and IRF-3 activation
p31
p32
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
m35*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,14517278 Meanwhile, a fourth adapter has recently been characterised, TRAM (TRIF-related adaptor molecule), which, unlike any of the other adaptors, is specific for TLR4 signalling and regulates the MyD88-independent pathway to NFKappaB and IRF-3 activation PMID:15081522,14556004 It also regulates late NFKappaB activation in response to TLR4 PMID: 15081522 NFkappaB is a key pro-inflammatory transcription factor activated in response to many stimuli, perhaps the most studied of which include LPS, IL-1 and TNFalpha
p33
p33
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
m18*m22*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,7515809 Later work showed that Src kinases were activated by LPS (specifically Hck and Lyn) and preceded LPS-induced TNFalpha production in monocytes
p34
p34
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
m93309*m18*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,7515809 Later work showed that Src kinases were activated by LPS (specifically Hck and Lyn) and preceded LPS-induced TNFalpha production in monocytes PMID:15081522,10565609 Other reports directly implicated Src kinases in LPS signalling to TNFalpha and iNOS (inducible-nitric oxide synthase) induction with the use of the Src-selective inhibitor, PP1, in murine macrophages
p34
p35
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
m93479*m18*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522,10565609 Other reports directly implicated Src kinases in LPS signalling to TNFalpha and iNOS (inducible-nitric oxide synthase) induction with the use of the Src-selective inhibitor, PP1, in murine macrophages
p36
p36
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
m93364*m18*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522,8258685 This was followed closely by reports showing that PTKs were required for the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha) in response to LPS in murine macrophages
p36
p37
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
m93248*m18*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522,8258685 This was followed closely by reports showing that PTKs were required for the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha) in response to LPS in murine macrophages
p36
p38
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
m93309*m38*m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522,8258685 This was followed closely by reports showing that PTKs were required for the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha) in response to LPS in murine macrophages
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
m41*m2450*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 One of the key consequences of BCR stimulation is activation of the transcription factor NFKappaB and consequent induction of genes regulating cell survival and proliferation
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m11*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 This results in phosphorylation of IKappaB on serines 32 and 36, which targets it for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.
p40
p40
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
m230*m177*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 NFkappaB is a key pro-inflammatory transcription factor activated in response to many stimuli, perhaps the most studied of which include LPS, IL-1 and TNFalpha
p41
p41
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
m5*m16874*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 NFkappaB is a key pro-inflammatory transcription factor activated in response to many stimuli, perhaps the most studied of which include LPS, IL-1 and TNFalpha
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
m185*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 NFkappaB is a key pro-inflammatory transcription factor activated in response to many stimuli, perhaps the most studied of which include LPS, IL-1 and TNFalpha
p41
p43
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
m46*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 NFkappaB is a key pro-inflammatory transcription factor activated in response to many stimuli, perhaps the most studied of which include LPS, IL-1 and TNFalpha
p19
p44
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
m30*m184*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Immunoprecipitation experiments in the human pro-monocytic cell line, THP-1, revealed that Btk interacted with MyD88, Mal and IRAK-1, key proximal effectors involved in TLR4 signalling
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 However, given the ability of Btk to associate with TLR4 and key proximal signalling components of the receptor complex it is possible that these interactions promote membrane localisation and Btk activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
m367*m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Immunoprecipitation experiments in the human pro-monocytic cell line, THP-1, revealed that Btk interacted with MyD88, Mal and IRAK-1, key proximal effectors involved in TLR4 signalling
p47
p47
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m20*m42*m128*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,9188445 Src kinases such as Lyn are responsible for transphosphorylation of Btk
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
m66*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 This transphosphorylation event results in the autophosphorylation of tyrosine 223 in the SH3 domain of Btk, and subsequent activation of downstream signalling pathways.
p49
p49
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
m18*m73*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 However, other tyrosine kinases are activated following TLR4 ligation¡½these include the proto-oncogene Vav and kinases associated with focal adhesions such as paxillin and focal adhesion kinase
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 This results in phosphorylation of IKappaB on serines 32 and 36, which targets it for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.
p49
p50
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
m18*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 However, other tyrosine kinases are activated following TLR4 ligation¡½these include the proto-oncogene Vav and kinases associated with focal adhesions such as paxillin and focal adhesion kinase
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
m18*m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 However, other tyrosine kinases are activated following TLR4 ligation¡½these include the proto-oncogene Vav and kinases associated with focal adhesions such as paxillin and focal adhesion kinase
p52
p52
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c221 : 1
stoichiometry:c225 : 1
stoichiometry:c229 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
m67*m90*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,9763609 Following BCR-induced activation of Btk, PLCgamma becomes phosphorylated with subsequent production of IP3, mobilisation of intracellular Ca2+ stores and activation of PKC via diacylglycerol (DAG). PMID:15081522 A number of proteins have been identified that bind Btk and negatively regulate its function. These include the recently identified IBtk (inhibitor of Btk), a 26 kDa protein identified in a yeast-two-hybrid screen using Btk as a bait. PMID:15081522 Another negative regulator of Btk activity is the protein Sab, which binds the SH3 domain of Btk (constitutively) and directly inhibits kinase activity. PMID: 15081522,7629518 The SH3 domain of Btk has also been shown to interact with c-Cbl, a multi-domain-containing protein. c-Cbl may also function to negatively regulate Btk activity in cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
m69*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,9763609 Following BCR-induced activation of Btk, PLCgamma becomes phosphorylated with subsequent production of IP3, mobilisation of intracellular Ca2+ stores and activation of PKC via diacylglycerol (DAG).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
m290230*m80*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,9763609 Following BCR-induced activation of Btk, PLCgamma becomes phosphorylated with subsequent production of IP3, mobilisation of intracellular Ca2+ stores and activation of PKC via diacylglycerol (DAG).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c258 : 1
m69*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,9763609 Following BCR-induced activation of Btk, PLCgamma becomes phosphorylated with subsequent production of IP3, mobilisation of intracellular Ca2+ stores and activation of PKC via diacylglycerol (DAG).
p55
p56
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c203 : 1
stoichiometry:c259 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
m114*m290231*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,9763609 Following BCR-induced activation of Btk, PLCgamma becomes phosphorylated with subsequent production of IP3, mobilisation of intracellular Ca2+ stores and activation of PKC via diacylglycerol (DAG).
p57
p57
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
m67*m83*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Btk deficient cells also show defects in JNK and p38 MAPK activation, indicating a role for Btk upstream on the pathways regulating their activation
p57
p58
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
m67*m85*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Btk deficient cells also show defects in JNK and p38 MAPK activation, indicating a role for Btk upstream on the pathways regulating their activation
p59
p59
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
m86*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 These and other pathways activated by Btk lead to the activation of transcription factors, principally NFKappaB, and AP-1, which are responsible for mediating the induction of genes required for B cell survival and proliferation.
p6
p6
cso30:i:ME_UnknownDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 This results in phosphorylation of IKappaB on serines 32 and 36, which targets it for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.
p59
p60
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
m67*m87*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 These and other pathways activated by Btk lead to the activation of transcription factors, principally NFKappaB, and AP-1, which are responsible for mediating the induction of genes required for B cell survival and proliferation.
p61
p61
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
m367*m90*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Using its SH2 domain Btk binds the adaptor protein BLNK/SLP-65 (in B cells), which serves as a scaffold for binding PLC-gamma, Vav and Grb-2, each of which is responsible for activating individual downstream pathways
p61
p62
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
m367*m73*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Using its SH2 domain Btk binds the adaptor protein BLNK/SLP-65 (in B cells), which serves as a scaffold for binding PLC-gamma, Vav and Grb-2, each of which is responsible for activating individual downstream pathways
p61
p63
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
m367*m91*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Using its SH2 domain Btk binds the adaptor protein BLNK/SLP-65 (in B cells), which serves as a scaffold for binding PLC-gamma, Vav and Grb-2, each of which is responsible for activating individual downstream pathways
p64
p64
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
m367*m2574*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522,9012831,10373551,11120822 A more direct involvement in transcriptional regulation has been suggested from the observation that Btk can interact with the transcription factors BAP135/TFII-I and Bright, and regulate their activation
p65
p65
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
m1912*m95*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Btk is also activated by receptors other than TLR4 and the BCR, including the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and IL-6, G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c218 : 1
stoichiometry:c219 : 1
stoichiometry:c220 : 1
m38562*m67*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 A number of proteins have been identified that bind Btk and negatively regulate its function. These include the recently identified IBtk (inhibitor of Btk), a 26 kDa protein identified in a yeast-two-hybrid screen using Btk as a bait.
p65
p67
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
m64*m1913*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Btk is also activated by receptors other than TLR4 and the BCR, including the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and IL-6, G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cells
p68
p68
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
m96*m367*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Btk is also activated by receptors other than TLR4 and the BCR, including the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and IL-6, G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cells
p68
p69
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
stoichiometry:c200 : 1
stoichiometry:c199 : 1
m97*m367*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Btk is also activated by receptors other than TLR4 and the BCR, including the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and IL-6, G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
m15*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 The NFKappaB subunits are thus released and translocate into the nucleus where they bind their target promoters and initiate gene transcription
p65
p70
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c201 : 1
stoichiometry:c202 : 1
stoichiometry:c256 : 1
m871*m3096*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Btk is also activated by receptors other than TLR4 and the BCR, including the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and IL-6, G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cells
p68
p71
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c204 : 1
stoichiometry:c257 : 1
stoichiometry:c205 : 1
m367*m113*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Btk is also activated by receptors other than TLR4 and the BCR, including the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and IL-6, G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cells
p68
p72
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c208 : 1
stoichiometry:c211 : 1
stoichiometry:c206 : 1
m367*m99*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Btk is also activated by receptors other than TLR4 and the BCR, including the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and IL-6, G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cells
p73
p73
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c207 : 1
stoichiometry:c209 : 1
stoichiometry:c210 : 1
m3961*m367*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Further analysis revealed that Btk interacted with the TIR domain of TLR4, the receptor for Gram negative LPS.
p73
p74
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c212 : 1
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c214 : 1
m101*m2465*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Btk is also activated by receptors other than TLR4 and the BCR, including the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and IL-6, G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cells
p68
p75
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c215 : 1
stoichiometry:c217 : 1
stoichiometry:c216 : 1
m102*m367*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Btk is also activated by receptors other than TLR4 and the BCR, including the receptors for IL-3, IL-5 and IL-6, G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c222 : 1
stoichiometry:c223 : 1
stoichiometry:c224 : 1
m67*m2577*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522 Another negative regulator of Btk activity is the protein Sab, which binds the SH3 domain of Btk (constitutively) and directly inhibits kinase activity.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c227 : 1
stoichiometry:c226 : 1
stoichiometry:c228 : 1
m67*m1795*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522,7629518 The SH3 domain of Btk has also been shown to interact with c-Cbl, a multi-domain-containing protein. c-Cbl may also function to negatively regulate Btk activity in cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c230 : 1
stoichiometry:c231 : 1
stoichiometry:c232 : 1
m107*m367*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522,9012831,10373551,11120822 A more direct involvement in transcriptional regulation has been suggested from the observation that Btk can interact with the transcription factors BAP135/TFII-I and Bright, and regulate their activation
p79
p79
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c233 : 1
stoichiometry:c234 : 1
stoichiometry:c235 : 1
m67*m207*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522,10811867 BCR stimulation also failed to activate IKappaB kinase (IKK) in these cells, suggesting that Btk is required for activation of IKK downstream of the BCR
p8
p8
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
m6438*m2828*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 The discovery that TLR4 was the long sought after signalling component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor complex (composed of CD14 and MD2 on myeloid cells) has resulted in intense research into how signalling pathways are regulated downstream of TLR4
p17
p80
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c236 : 1
stoichiometry:c237 : 1
stoichiometry:c238 : 1
m32*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 PI3K is activated by multiple TLR members, most notably TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9, resulting in increased PIP3 production.
p17
p81
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c239 : 1
stoichiometry:c240 : 1
stoichiometry:c241 : 1
m40*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 PI3K is activated by multiple TLR members, most notably TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9, resulting in increased PIP3 production.
p82
p82
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c242 : 1
stoichiometry:c243 : 1
stoichiometry:c244 : 1
m367*m19823*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:15081522,12724322 In confirmation of a putative role for Btk downstream of TLRs, we have identified the TIR domain of TLR8 as a Btk interactor in a yeast-two-hybrid screen
p83
p83
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c245 : 1
stoichiometry:c246 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
m18*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Specifically, MyD88 has been shown to become tyrosine phosphorylated after LPS stimulation, which stimulates an interaction between the newly phosphorlyated tyrosine on MyD88 and the SH2 domain of p85 PI3K and MyD88.
p84
p84
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c248 : 1
stoichiometry:c249 : 1
stoichiometry:c250 : 1
m367*m40889*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Using its SH2 domain Btk binds the adaptor protein BLNK/SLP-65 (in B cells), which serves as a scaffold for binding PLC-gamma, Vav and Grb-2, each of which is responsible for activating individual downstream pathways.
p84
p85
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c251 : 1
stoichiometry:c252 : 1
stoichiometry:c253 : 1
stoichiometry:c254 : 1
stoichiometry:c255 : 1
m91*m40889*m73*m90*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 Using its SH2 domain Btk binds the adaptor protein BLNK/SLP-65 (in B cells), which serves as a scaffold for binding PLC-gamma, Vav and Grb-2, each of which is responsible for activating individual downstream pathways.
p8
p9
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
m17*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15081522 The discovery that TLR4 was the long sought after signalling component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor complex (composed of CD14 and MD2 on myeloid cells) has resulted in intense research into how signalling pathways are regulated downstream of TLR4
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--