Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling--a unifying theme inischemic tolerance.
Affiliation
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. kariko@mail.med.upenn.edu
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia triggers acute inflammation, which exacerbates primary braindamage. Activation of the innate immune system is an important component of thisinflammatory response. Inflammation occurs through the action of proinflammatorycytokines, such as TNF, IL-1 beta and IL-6, that alter blood flow and increasevascular permeability, thus leading to secondary ischemia and accumulation ofimmune cells in the brain. Production of these cytokines is initiated bysignaling through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize host-derivedmolecules released from injured tissues and cells. Recently, great strides havebeen made in understanding the regulation of the innate immune system,particularly the signaling mechanisms of TLRs. Negative feedback inhibitors ofTLRs and inflammatory cytokines have now been identified and characterized. Itis also evident that lipid rafts exist in membranes and play a role inreceptor-mediated inflammatory signaling events. In the present review, usingthis newly available large body of knowledge, we take a fresh look at studies ofischemic tolerance. Based on this analysis, we recognize a striking similaritybetween ischemic tolerance and endotoxin tolerance, an immune suppressive statecharacterized by hyporesponsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In view of thisanalogy, and considering recent discoveries related to molecular mechanisms ofendotoxin tolerance, we postulate that inhibition of TLR and proinflammatorycytokine signaling contributes critically to ischemic tolerance in the brain andother organs. Ischemic tolerance is a protective mechanism induced by a varietyof preconditioning stimuli. Tolerance can be established with two temporalprofiles: (i) a rapid form in which the trigger induces tolerance to ischemiawithin minutes and (ii) a delayed form in which development of protection takesseveral hours or days and requires de-novo protein synthesis. The rapid form oftolerance is achieved by direct interference with membrane fluidity, causingdisruption of lipid rafts leading to inhibition of TLR/cytokine signalingpathways. In the delayed form of tolerance, the preconditioning stimulus firsttriggers the TLR/cytokine inflammatory pathways, leading not only toinflammation but also to simultaneous upregulation of feedback inhibitors ofinflammation. These inhibitors, which include signaling inhibitors, decoyreceptors, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduce the inflammatory response toa subsequent episode of ischemia. This novel interpretation of the molecularmechanism of ischemic tolerance highlights new avenues for future investigationinto the prevention and treatment of stroke and related diseases.
PMID
15545925
|
Entity
IL-1beta
--
G010389
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m93364
10
infinite
0
TRANSFAC | G010389 |
--
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
TNF
--
MO000000204
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m175
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000204 |
--
IKK-beta
--
MO000000211
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m182
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000211 |
--
IL-6
--
MO000007384
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m871
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003573 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007384 |
--
IL-1alpha
--
MO000016589
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1584
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008996 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016589 |
--
IL-1RII
--
MO000016596
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1590
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR004078 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016596 |
--
IL-1beta
--
MO000016597
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1591
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016597 |
--
sIL-1RII
--
MO000016601
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1595
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016601 |
--
TLRs
--
MO000019395
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3962
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019395 |
--
LPS:LBP:CD14
--
MO000021929
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m6255
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000021929 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA:TLRs
--
e11
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
Flagellin
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
TLRs:Flagellin
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
albumin
--
e14
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:albumin
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:LBP
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
mindin
--
e17
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
mindin:LPS
--
e18
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4:MD2
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD2
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
TRAF6{active}
--
e21
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001841 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000212 |
--
IKK-beta{active}
--
e22
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000211 |
--
NF-kappaB{active}
--
e23
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
MAP3K{active}
--
e25
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9
--
e29
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
e32
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
IL-10:IL-10R
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1alpha:IL-1RII
--
e37
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1alpha:sIL-1RII
--
e38
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1beta:IL-1RII
--
e39
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1beta:IL-1RII
--
e40
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
sTNFR-55
--
e41
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
TNF:sTNFR-55
--
e42
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
sTNFR-75
--
e43
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
TNF:sTNFR-75
--
e44
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
IL-6:sIL-6R
--
e45
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
sgp130
--
e46
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
IL-6:sgp130
--
e47
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
TNF:TNFR
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
TTP
--
e49
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLRs
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
TTP
--
e63
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
TNF:TTP
--
e64
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
IL-6:TTP
--
e65
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
0
infinite
0
--
IL-2:TTP
--
e66
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
GM-CSF:TTP
--
e67
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
EPO:EPOR
--
e68
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD2:MYD88
--
e7
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
Halothane
--
e70
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
ketamine
--
e71
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
0
infinite
0
--
Isoflurane
--
e72
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
0
infinite
0
--
PUFA
--
e73
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
0
infinite
0
--
DHA
--
e74
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR2 ligand
--
e75
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2 ligand
--
e76
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m81
0
infinite
0
--
TLR5 ligand
--
e77
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m83
0
infinite
0
--
TLR5 ligand: TLR5
--
e78
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m84
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m3962*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12606705 There are at least 10 distinct TLR family members in humans, and corresponding ligands for most ofthem have been identified. These ligands include bacterial and viral constituents, such as unmethylated CpGDNA, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), LPS, and flagellin.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
m20*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 During intracellular signal transduction, the TIR domain of the TLR associates with an intracellular adaptor protein MyD88.
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
m184*m7*m17258*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 Phosphorylation of IRAK, a serine-threonine kinase, by other IRAK family members induces cascades of signaling through TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6).
p12
p12
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
m183*m9*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 Phosphorylation of IRAK, a serine-threonine kinase, by other IRAK family members induces cascades of signaling through TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6).
p13
p13
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
m182*m21*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 TRAF6 transduces the signal to IKK beta(IkappaB beta kinase) and to MAP3K (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase). Thissignaling results in transcriptional responses, mediated primarily by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), extracellular-signal regulated kinase(ERK) and stress-activated protein kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, leads to expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
p14
p14
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c209 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m23*m22*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 TRAF6 transduces the signal to IKK beta(IkappaB beta kinase) and to MAP3K (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase). Thissignaling results in transcriptional responses, mediated primarily by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), extracellular-signal regulated kinase(ERK) and stress-activated protein kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, leads to expression of proinflammatory cytokines. PMID: 15545925, 15041589 Activation of NF-kappaB;B was significantly inhibited by isoflurane.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
m25*m21*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 TRAF6 transduces the signal to IKK beta (IkappaB kinase) and to MAP3K (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase). Thissignaling results in transcriptional responses, mediated primarily by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), extracellular-signal regulated kinase(ERK) and stress-activated protein kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, leads to expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
p16
p16
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m31*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 TRAF6 transduces the signal to IKK beta (IkappaB kinase) and to MAP3K (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase). Thissignaling results in transcriptional responses, mediated primarily by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), extracellular-signal regulated kinase(ERK) and stress-activated protein kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, leads to expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
p17
p17
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
m27*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 TRAF6 transduces the signal to IKK beta (IkappaB kinase) and to MAP3K (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase). Thissignaling results in transcriptional responses, mediated primarily by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), extracellular-signal regulated kinase(ERK) and stress-activated protein kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, leads to expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
p18
p18
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
m29*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 TRAF6 transduces the signal to IKK beta (IkappaB kinase) and to MAP3K (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase). Thissignaling results in transcriptional responses, mediated primarily by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), extracellular-signal regulated kinase(ERK) and stress-activated protein kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, leads to expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m6*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11994434 Microglia, which express TLR9, release TNF and IL-12 when stimulated with non-methylated CpG DNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m3962*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12606705 There are at least 10 distinct TLR family members in humans, and corresponding ligands for most ofthem have been identified. These ligands include bacterial and viral constituents, such as unmethylated CpGDNA, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), LPS, and flagellin.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11994434 Microglia, which express TLR9, release TNF and IL-12 when stimulated with non-methylated CpG DNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m34*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11994434 Microglia, which express TLR9, release TNF and IL-12 when stimulated with non-methylated CpG DNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11994434 Microglia, which express TLR9, release TNF and IL-12 when stimulated with non-methylated CpG DNA.
p23
p23
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
m35*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11994434 Microglia, which express TLR9, release TNF and IL-12 when stimulated with non-methylated CpG DNA. PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
p24
p24
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
m3965*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12951652 Chronic glial activation, neurodegeneration and IL-1beta induction in arat brain has been demonstrated after administration of dsRNA, the ligand of TLR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
m37*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11008976 IL-10, secreted as a feedback inhibitor during inflammation initiated by LPS or tissue damage.
p26
p26
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
m93364*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12951652 Chronic glial activation, neurodegeneration and IL-1beta induction in arat brain has been demonstrated after administration of dsRNA, the ligand of TLR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12951652 Chronic glial activation, neurodegeneration and IL-1beta induction in arat brain has been demonstrated after administration of dsRNA, the ligand of TLR3. PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
p28
p28
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
m2103*m2108*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 10820283 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is downregulation of expression of TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m3962*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12606705 There are at least 10 distinct TLR family members in humans, and corresponding ligands for most ofthem have been identified. These ligands include bacterial and viral constituents, such as unmethylated CpGDNA, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), LPS, and flagellin.
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
m93614*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 10820283 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is downregulation of expression of TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
p34
p34
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
m93364*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m14*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12372833, 14691481 Optimal signal transduction through TLR4 requires binding of LPS to serum proteins, such as albumin, LPS-binding protein, and MD2, as well as cell surface-associated molecules,such as mindin and the GPI-(glycosylphosphatidylinositol)linked CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
m93423*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
p43
p43
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
m1584*m1590*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 IL-1RII is a non-signaling receptor, which exists in membrane-associated and soluble forms. Both forms of the receptor bind and reduce the bioavailability of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta.
p44
p44
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
m1595*m1584*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 IL-1RII is a non-signaling receptor, which exists in membrane-associated and soluble forms. Both forms of the receptor bind and reduce the bioavailability of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta.
p45
p45
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
m1595*m1591*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 IL-1RII is a non-signaling receptor, which exists in membrane-associated and soluble forms. Both forms of the receptor bind and reduce the bioavailability of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta.
p46
p46
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
m1590*m1591*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 IL-1RII is a non-signaling receptor, which exists in membrane-associated and soluble forms. Both forms of the receptor bind and reduce the bioavailability of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
m45*m175*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 Decoy receptors such as sTNFR-55, sTNFR-75, IL-1RII, sIL-6R, and sgp130 bind, inactivate, and promote clearance of their corresponding ligands thereby limiting immune activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
m175*m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 Decoy receptors such as sTNFR-55, sTNFR-75, IL-1RII, sIL-6R, and sgp130 bind, inactivate, and promote clearance of their corresponding ligands thereby limiting immune activation.
p49
p49
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
m871*m3096*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 Decoy receptors such as sTNFR-55, sTNFR-75, IL-1RII, sIL-6R, and sgp130 bind, inactivate, and promote clearance of their corresponding ligands thereby limiting immune activation.
p5
p5
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m3985*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12372833, 14691481 Optimal signal transduction through TLR4 requires binding of LPS to serum proteins, such as albumin, LPS-binding protein, and MD2, as well as cell surface-associated molecules,such as mindin and the GPI-(glycosylphosphatidylinositol)linked CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
m871*m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925 Decoy receptors such as sTNFR-55, sTNFR-75, IL-1RII, sIL-6R, and sgp130 bind, inactivate, and promote clearance of their corresponding ligands thereby limiting immune activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 9703499 Resting macrophages do not express TTP, but in response to LPS or TNF stimulation TTP mRNA was detected within 15 min.
p52
p52
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
m176*m175*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 9703499 Resting macrophages do not express TTP, but in response to LPS or TNF stimulation TTP mRNA was detected within 15 min.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
m65*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 9703499 Resting macrophages do not express TTP, but in response to LPS or TNF stimulation TTP mRNA was detected within 15 min.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
m95342*0.1
nodelay
--
0
p55
p55
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
stoichiometry:c226 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11435226 TTP also suppresses LPS-induced transcription of TNF and the chemokine IL-8. PMID: 15545925, 11112152, 12502984, 11605934 Halothane, isoflurane, and ketamine all rapidly induce endotoxin tolerance, measured as a reduction in the level of TNF and IL-6 secretion following an in vivo LPS challenge. PMID: 15545925, 7524649, 2783477, 11998897 PUFA, belonging either to the omega-3 or omega-6 family, inhibits LPS-induced and cytokine-induced inflammation by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, etc.) both in patients and in cultured cells.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11435226 TTP also suppresses LPS-induced transcription of TNF and the chemokine IL-8.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
m66*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 9703499, 12748283, 11720287, 12324455 TTP (Tristetraprolin) is a proline-rich protein, that binds to AU-rich elements present in the 3prime-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines,such as TNF, IL-2, IL-6, and GM-CSF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
m67*m34*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 9703499, 12748283, 11720287, 12324455 TTP (Tristetraprolin) is a proline-rich protein, that binds to AU-rich elements present in the 3prime-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines,such as TNF, IL-2, IL-6, and GM-CSF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
m93248*m67*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 9703499, 12748283, 11720287, 12324455 TTP (Tristetraprolin) is a proline-rich protein, that binds to AU-rich elements present in the 3prime-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines,such as TNF, IL-2, IL-6, and GM-CSF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m17*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12372833, 14691481 Optimal signal transduction through TLR4 requires binding of LPS to serum proteins, such as albumin, LPS-binding protein, and MD2, as well as cell surface-associated molecules,such as mindin and the GPI-(glycosylphosphatidylinositol)linked CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
m67*m93218*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 9703499, 12748283, 11720287, 12324455 TTP (Tristetraprolin) is a proline-rich protein, that binds to AU-rich elements present in the 3prime-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines,such as TNF, IL-2, IL-6, and GM-CSF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
m93209*m67*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 9703499, 12748283, 11720287, 12324455 TTP (Tristetraprolin) is a proline-rich protein, that binds to AU-rich elements present in the 3prime-untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines,such as TNF, IL-2, IL-6, and GM-CSF.
p62
p62
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
m82*m1958*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11696536 EPO, for example, induces SOCS1 and SOCS3 production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11696536 EPO, for example, induces SOCS1 and SOCS3 production.
p64
p64
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
m93501*m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11696536 EPO, for example, induces SOCS1 and SOCS3 production.
p65
p65
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
m94757*m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11696536 EPO, for example, induces SOCS1 and SOCS3 production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11696536 EPO, for example, induces SOCS1 and SOCS3 production.
p67
p67
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
m73*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11563964, 12052830 Stimulation of TLRs activates PI3K, leading to the inhibition of expression of many inflammatory genes through diverse mechanisms.
p68
p68
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
stoichiometry:c227 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
m34*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11112152, 12502984, 11605934 Halothane, isoflurane, and ketamine all rapidly induce endotoxin tolerance, measured as a reduction in the level of TNF and IL-6 secretion following an in vivo LPS challenge. PMID: 15545925, 7524649, 2783477, 11998897 PUFA, belonging either to the omega-3 or omega-6 family, inhibits LPS-induced and cytokine-induced inflammation by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, etc.) both in patients and in cultured cells. PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
p69
p69
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c204 : 1
stoichiometry:c206 : 1
stoichiometry:c207 : 1
stoichiometry:c208 : 1
stoichiometry:c224 : 1
stoichiometry:c254 : 1
stoichiometry:c205 : 1
m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11112152, 12502984, 11605934 Halothane, isoflurane, and ketamine all rapidly induce endotoxin tolerance, measured as a reduction in the level of TNF and IL-6 secretion following an in vivo LPS challenge. PMID: 15545925, 7524649, 2783477, 11998897 PUFA, belonging either to the omega-3 or omega-6 family, inhibits LPS-induced and cytokine-induced inflammation by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, etc.) both in patients and in cultured cells. PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
p7
p7
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m2828*m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12372833, 14691481 Optimal signal transduction through TLR4 requires binding of LPS to serum proteins, such as albumin, LPS-binding protein, and MD2, as well as cell surface-associated molecules,such as mindin and the GPI-(glycosylphosphatidylinositol)linked CD14.
p70
p70
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
stoichiometry:c200 : 1
stoichiometry:c201 : 1
stoichiometry:c202 : 1
stoichiometry:c203 : 1
stoichiometry:c225 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c199 : 1
m93248*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 11112152, 12502984, 11605934 Halothane, isoflurane, and ketamine all rapidly induce endotoxin tolerance, measured as a reduction in the level of TNF and IL-6 secretion following an in vivo LPS challenge. PMID: 15545925, 7524649, 2783477, 11998897 PUFA, belonging either to the omega-3 or omega-6 family, inhibits LPS-induced and cytokine-induced inflammation by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, etc.) both in patients and in cultured cells. PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
p71
p71
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c211 : 1
stoichiometry:c222 : 1
stoichiometry:c210 : 1
m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 7524649, 2783477, 11998897 PUFA, belonging either to the omega-3 or omega-6 family, inhibits LPS-induced and cytokine-induced inflammation by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, etc.) both in patients and in cultured cells.
p72
p72
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c228 : 1
stoichiometry:c230 : 1
stoichiometry:c231 : 1
stoichiometry:c229 : 1
m23*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12865424, 14966134 Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most unsaturated fatty acid present in the mammalian membrane, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in response to TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, TLR5- and TLR9-mediated stimulation by their corresponding ligands.
p73
p73
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c212 : 1
stoichiometry:c214 : 1
stoichiometry:c223 : 1
stoichiometry:c213 : 1
m93364*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 7524649, 2783477, 11998897 PUFA, belonging either to the omega-3 or omega-6 family, inhibits LPS-induced and cytokine-induced inflammation by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, etc.) both in patients and in cultured cells.
p74
p74
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c218 : 1
stoichiometry:c221 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c215 : 1
m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 7524649, 2783477, 11998897 PUFA, belonging either to the omega-3 or omega-6 family, inhibits LPS-induced and cytokine-induced inflammation by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, etc.) both in patients and in cultured cells. PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
p75
p75
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c216 : 1
stoichiometry:c219 : 1
stoichiometry:c220 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c217 : 1
m39*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 7524649, 2783477, 11998897 PUFA, belonging either to the omega-3 or omega-6 family, inhibits LPS-induced and cytokine-induced inflammation by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, etc.) both in patients and in cultured cells. PMID: 15545925, 11244051 The most important anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 is inhibition of production of all inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-gamma, and IL-12.
p76
p76
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c232 : 1
stoichiometry:c234 : 1
stoichiometry:c235 : 1
stoichiometry:c233 : 1
m23*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12865424, 14966134 Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most unsaturated fatty acid present in the mammalian membrane, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in response to TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, TLR5- and TLR9-mediated stimulation by their corresponding ligands.
p77
p77
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c236 : 1
stoichiometry:c238 : 1
stoichiometry:c239 : 1
stoichiometry:c237 : 1
m23*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12865424, 14966134 Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most unsaturated fatty acid present in the mammalian membrane, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in response to TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, TLR5- and TLR9-mediated stimulation by their corresponding ligands.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c240 : 1
stoichiometry:c241 : 1
stoichiometry:c242 : 1
m81*m3964*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12865424, 14966134 Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most unsaturated fatty acid present in the mammalian membrane, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in response to TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, TLR5- and TLR9-mediated stimulation by their corresponding ligands.
p79
p79
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c243 : 1
stoichiometry:c245 : 1
stoichiometry:c246 : 1
stoichiometry:c244 : 1
m23*m80*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12865424, 14966134 Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most unsaturated fatty acid present in the mammalian membrane, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in response to TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, TLR5- and TLR9-mediated stimulation by their corresponding ligands.
p8
p8
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m3961*m6438*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12372833, 14691481 Optimal signal transduction through TLR4 requires binding of LPS to serum proteins, such as albumin, LPS-binding protein, and MD2, as well as cell surface-associated molecules,such as mindin and the GPI-(glycosylphosphatidylinositol)linked CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c247 : 1
stoichiometry:c248 : 1
stoichiometry:c249 : 1
m83*m3966*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12865424, 14966134 Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most unsaturated fatty acid present in the mammalian membrane, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in response to TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, TLR5- and TLR9-mediated stimulation by their corresponding ligands.
p81
p81
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c250 : 1
stoichiometry:c252 : 1
stoichiometry:c253 : 1
stoichiometry:c251 : 1
m23*m84*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12865424, 14966134 Treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most unsaturated fatty acid present in the mammalian membrane, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in response to TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, TLR5- and TLR9-mediated stimulation by their corresponding ligands.
p9
p9
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
m19*m6255*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15545925, 12372833, 14691481 Optimal signal transduction through TLR4 requires binding of LPS to serum proteins, such as albumin, LPS-binding protein, and MD2, as well as cell surface-associated molecules,such as mindin and the GPI-(glycosylphosphatidylinositol)linked CD14.
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--