Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
LPS, TLR4 and infectious disease diversity.
Affiliation
Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle,Washington 98195, USA. millersi@u.washington.edu
Abstract
Innate immune receptors recognize microorganism-specific motifs. One suchreceptor-ligand complex is formed between the mammalian Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-MD2-CD14 complex and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recent researchindicates that there is significant phylogenetic and individual diversity inTLR4-mediated responses. In addition, the diversity of LPS structures and thedifferential recognition of these structures by TLR4 have been associated withseveral bacterial diseases. This review will examine the hypothesis that thevariability of bacterial ligands such as LPS and their innate immune receptorsis an important factor in determining the outcome of infectious disease.
PMID
15608698
|
Entity
NF-kappaB {activated}
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
LPS:LBP:CD14
--
MO000021929
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m6255
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000021929 |
--
LPS:LBP:CD14:TLR4:MD-2:MyD88
--
MO000038321
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m16536
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038321 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:LBP:CD14:TLR4:MD-2
--
e11
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000022054 |
--
lipopeptide
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin
--
e13
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin: TLR5
--
e14
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
ssDNA
--
e15
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
ssDNA:TLR9
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR7
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA
--
e18
cso30:c:Rna
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR9
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:LBP:CD14:TLR4:MD-2:MyD88: IRAK: IRAK-4
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:LBP:CD14:TLR4:MD-2:MyD88: IRAK: IRAK-4: TRAF6
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-alpha:IKK-beta:IKK-gamma
--
e22
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000021655 |
--
IKK-alpha:IKK-beta:IKK-gamma {p}
--
e23
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
IkappB: NFkappaB
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
IkappB {p}: NFkappaB
--
e25
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
IkappaB {degraded}
--
e26
cso30:c:EntityBiological
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB {nucleus}
--
e27
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
lipid IV A
--
e28
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
lipid IV A: TLR4
--
e29
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
lipopeptide: TLR2
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m155666*m3985*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 Recognition of lipid A also requires an accessory protein ¡½ LPS-binding protein (LBP) ¡½ which converts oligomeric micelles of LPS to a monomer for delivery to CD14.
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
m11*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 Upon ligand binding, this domain associates with the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor protein.
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
m184*m17258*m16536*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698, 11905821 Upon ligand binding, this domain associates with the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor protein, which is necessary for the recruitment of the protein kinases interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and IRAK4, and TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to the complex.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
m20*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698, 11905821 Upon ligand binding, this domain associates with the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor protein, which is necessary for the recruitment of the protein kinases interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and IRAK4, and TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to the complex.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
m21*m22*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 Through a series of other intermediate compounds, the I¦ÊB kinase (IKK) complex is phosphorylated, and in turn phosphorylates I¦ÊB, which allows nuclear factor (NF)-¦ÊB to translocate to the nucleus.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
m23*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 Through a series of other intermediate compounds, the I¦ÊB kinase (IKK) complex is phosphorylated, and in turn phosphorylates I¦ÊB, which allows nuclear factor (NF)-¦ÊB to translocate to the nucleus.
p15
p15
cso30:i:ME_UnknownDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 Through a series of other intermediate compounds, the I¦ÊB kinase (IKK) complex is phosphorylated, and in turn phosphorylates I¦ÊB, which allows nuclear factor (NF)-¦ÊB to translocate to the nucleus.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 Through a series of other intermediate compounds, the I¦ÊB kinase (IKK) complex is phosphorylated, and in turn phosphorylates I¦ÊB, which allows nuclear factor (NF)-¦ÊB to translocate to the nucleus.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m29*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698, 6361124, 1918061 lipidIVA, which is an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of lipid A and is the major component of Yersinia pestis lipid A, stimulates mouse TLR4 but is not recognized by human TLR4, even at very high concentrations.
p2
p2
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m6254*m2828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 Recognition of lipid A also requires an accessory protein ¡½ LPS-binding protein (LBP) ¡½ which converts oligomeric micelles of LPS to a monomer for delivery to CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 Ligand binding to the extracellular domain of TLRs initiates a complex signal-transduction cascade,which ultimately leads to activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-¦ÊB (NF-¦ÊB) and increased transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour-necrosis factor (TNF).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 Ligand binding to the extracellular domain of TLRs initiates a complex signal-transduction cascade,which ultimately leads to activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-¦ÊB (NF-¦ÊB) and increased transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour-necrosis factor (TNF).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m6255*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698 CD14 concentrates LPS for binding to the TLR4?MD2 complex.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m12*m3964*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698, 9851930, 11323673, 10426996 The ligands that are recognized by TLRs include lipopeptides (TLR2),lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5)and CpG DNA (TLR9).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m13*m3966*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698, 9851930, 11323673, 10426996 The ligands that are recognized by TLRs include lipopeptides (TLR2),lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5)and CpG DNA (TLR9).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m15*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698, 9851930, 11323673, 10426996 The ligands that are recognized by TLRs include lipopeptides (TLR2),lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5)and CpG DNA (TLR9).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m19940*m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698, 14976262, 14976261, 15034168 viral products such as single-stranded and double-stranded RNA are recognized by TLR7 (human TLR8) and TLR3, respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m19823*m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698, 14976262, 14976261, 15034168 viral products such as single-stranded and double-stranded RNA are recognized by TLR7 (human TLR8) and TLR3, respectively.
p9
p9
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m119368*m3965*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15608698, 14976262, 14976261, 15034168 viral products such as single-stranded and double-stranded RNA are recognized by TLR7 (human TLR8) and TLR3, respectively.
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--