Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Signaling in B cells via Toll-like receptors.
Affiliation
Departments of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. speng@im.wustl.edu
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their ligands have emerged as importantregulators of immunity, relevant to a wide range of effector responses fromvaccination to autoimmunity. The most well-studied ligands of TLRs expressed onB cells include the lipopolysaccharides (for TLR4) and CpG-containing DNAs (forTLR9), which induce and/or co-stimulate B cells to undergo proliferation, classswitching and differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. Recent developmentsin this area include advancements into our understanding of the role of thesereceptor pathways in B cells, and in particular the relevance of TLR9, which hasreceived substantial attention as both a Th1-like inflammatory immunomodulatorand a pathogenic co-stimulator of autoreactive B cell responses.
PMID
15886111
|
Entity
Process
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha{p}
--
MO000000254
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m208
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000254 |
--
p50:RelA-p65 {activated}
--
MO000016632
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1617
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016632 |
--
LPS
--
MO000016882
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m155666
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016882 |
--
TLR2
--
MO000019397
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3964
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019397 |
--
protein remnants
--
MO000019479
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m360980
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019479 |
--
LPS:LBP:CD14
--
MO000021929
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m6255
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000021929 |
--
LPS:LBP:CD14:TLR4:MD-2:TIRAP:MyD88
--
MO000038315
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m16530
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038315 |
--
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha
--
MO000038724
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m16910
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038724 |
--
JNK1, JNK2
--
MO000041390
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m19258
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041390 |
--
T-bet
--
MO000090987
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m64461
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008967 |
TRANSPATH | MO000090987 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
BCR ligand
--
e11
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
CD40 ligand
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA
--
e13
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
RP105: MD-1
--
e14
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4: MD-2
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:LBP:CD14: TLR4: MD-2
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:LBP:CD14: RP105: MD-1
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
--
e18
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
--
e19
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
--
e20
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: anti-DNA IgG autoantibody: TLR9: MyD88
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: anti-DNA IgG autoantibody: TLR9: MyD88: IRAK
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: anti-DNA IgG autoantibody: TLR9: MyD88: IRAK: TRAF6
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:LBP:CD14: TLR4: MD-2: TRAM: TRIF
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK: TRAF6: TAK1: TAB1: TAB2 [activated}
--
e26
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK: TRAF6: TAK1: TAB1: TAB2
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
JNK1, JNK2 {activated}
--
e33
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041390 |
--
p38 [activated}
--
e34
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000022 |
--
AP-1 {activated}
--
e35
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000276 |
--
AP-1 {nucleus}
--
e36
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000276 |
--
p50:RelA-p65 {nucleus}
--
e37
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016632 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-i {activated}
--
e39
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016608 |
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
TBK1 {activated}
--
e40
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019331 |
--
PKR {activated}
--
e41
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000008179 |
--
STAT1 [activated}
--
e42
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008967 |
TRANSPATH | MO000013119 |
--
IRF-3 {activated}
--
e43
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
anti-DNA IgG autoantibody
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: anti-DNA IgG autoantibody
--
e45
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: anti-DNA IgG autoantibody: BCR
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: anti-DNA IgG autoantibody: TLR9
--
e47
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulumLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
immunoglobulin
--
e49
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
CD40 ligand: CD40
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
BCR ligand: BCR
--
e6
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
Immunoglobulin
--
e65
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
IgG2a
--
e66
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
IgG2a
--
e67
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
IgG2b
--
e68
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
0
infinite
0
--
IgG2b
--
e69
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
IgG3
--
e71
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
IgG1
--
e72
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
IgE
--
e73
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m74
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
porins: TLR2
--
e76
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
0
infinite
0
--
porins
--
e77
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
0
infinite
0
--
glycoinositolphospholipids
--
e78
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
0
infinite
0
--
Lp: TLR2
--
e79
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
glycoinositolphospholipids: TLR2
--
e80
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m81
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA
--
e81
cso30:c:Rna
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m82
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR7
--
e82
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m83
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m85
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m86
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo. PMID: 15886111, 12689944 , 12560217 B cells are now particularly well recognized for their expression of the TLR9 and TLR10, which are induced in response to BCR stimulation and appear to predominate in activated and/or memory populations.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo. PMID: 15886111, 12689944 , 12560217 B cells are now particularly well recognized for their expression of the TLR9 and TLR10, which are induced in response to BCR stimulation and appear to predominate in activated and/or memory populations.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m11*m2450*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m1837*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m6254*m2828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Extracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is bound by LPS-binding protein (LBP), recognized by CD14, and brought in proximity to the TLR4?MD-2 and RP105?MD-1 heterodimers.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
m6255*m15*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Extracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is bound by LPS-binding protein (LBP), recognized by CD14, and brought in proximity to the TLR4?MD-2 and RP105?MD-1 heterodimers.
p23
p23
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
m16*m1572*m6810*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TLR4 initiates signaling via at least two adaptor pathways: TIRAP?MyD88 and TRIF?TRAM.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m6255*m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Extracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is bound by LPS-binding protein (LBP), recognized by CD14, and brought in proximity to the TLR4?MD-2 and RP105?MD-1 heterodimers.
p25
p25
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14707068 This spectrum of inducible expression of the TLRs has been generally presumed to extend to rodent B cells; however, species differences clearly exist, as na?ve murine B cells are known to express TLR4 and undergo proliferation and plasmacytoid differentiation in vitro in response to LPS exposure, in contrast to human B cells, which seem to lack significant TLR4 expression, at least in the na?ve resting state.
p26
p26
cso30:i:CE_CellDifferentiation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
m155666*m38*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14707068 This spectrum of inducible expression of the TLRs has been generally presumed to extend to rodent B cells; however, species differences clearly exist, as na?ve murine B cells are known to express TLR4 and undergo proliferation and plasmacytoid differentiation in vitro in response to LPS exposure, in contrast to human B cells, which seem to lack significant TLR4 expression, at least in the na?ve resting state. PMID: 15886111 Both the NF-kappaB and AP-1 proteins enter the nucleus where they activate target genes involved in B cell activation, proliferation, and immunoglobulin (Ig) production.
p27
p27
cso30:i:CE_CellProliferation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
m155666*m38*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14707068 This spectrum of inducible expression of the TLRs has been generally presumed to extend to rodent B cells; however, species differences clearly exist, as na?ve murine B cells are known to express TLR4 and undergo proliferation and plasmacytoid differentiation in vitro in response to LPS exposure, in contrast to human B cells, which seem to lack significant TLR4 expression, at least in the na?ve resting state. PMID: 15886111 Both the NF-kappaB and AP-1 proteins enter the nucleus where they activate target genes involved in B cell activation, proliferation, and immunoglobulin (Ig) production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
m44*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Together, these kinases result in both IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation, enhancing the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the activation of STAT1 and IRF-3, which regulate the expression of IFN-inducible genes.
p29
p29
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
m18998*m19005*m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TLR4 initiates signaling via at least two adaptor pathways: TIRAP?MyD88 and TRIF?TRAM.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
m27*m16530*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 The TIRAP?MyD88 pathway elicits an IRAK?TRAF6?TAK1 pathway. PMID: 15886111 TAK1 activates NIK, which activates the IKK complex, which in turn phosphorylates the IkappaB proteins that normally sequester NF-kappaB proteins in the cytoplasm.
p31
p31
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
m174*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 activates NIK, which activates the IKK complex, which in turn phosphorylates the IkappaB proteins that normally sequester NF-kappaB proteins in the cytoplasm.
p32
p32
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
m207*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 activates NIK, which activates the IKK complex, which in turn phosphorylates the IkappaB proteins that normally sequester NF-kappaB proteins in the cytoplasm.
p33
p33
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
m16910*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 activates NIK, which activates the IKK complex, which in turn phosphorylates the IkappaB proteins that normally sequester NF-kappaB proteins in the cytoplasm.
p34
p34
cso30:i:ME_UnknownDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
m208*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 activates NIK, which activates the IKK complex, which in turn phosphorylates the IkappaB proteins that normally sequester NF-kappaB proteins in the cytoplasm. PMID: 15886111 Together, these kinases result in both IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation, enhancing the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the activation of STAT1 and IRF-3, which regulate the expression of IFN-inducible genes.
p35
p35
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
m1875*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 also activates the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, leading to the activation of AP-1 complexes.
p36
p36
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
m3613*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 also activates the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, leading to the activation of AP-1 complexes.
p37
p37
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
m26*m1832*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 also activates the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, leading to the activation of AP-1 complexes.
p38
p38
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
m19258*m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 also activates the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, leading to the activation of AP-1 complexes.
p39
p39
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
m34*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 also activates the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, leading to the activation of AP-1 complexes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
p40
p40
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
m35*m219*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 also activates the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, leading to the activation of AP-1 complexes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
m1617*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Both the NF-kappaB and AP-1 proteins enter the nucleus where they activate target genes involved in inflammation, particularly cytokines. PMID: 15886111 Together, these kinases result in both IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation, enhancing the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the activation of STAT1 and IRF-3, which regulate the expression of IFN-inducible genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Both the NF-kappaB and AP-1 proteins enter the nucleus where they activate target genes involved in inflammation, particularly cytokines.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Both the NF-kappaB and AP-1 proteins enter the nucleus where they activate target genes involved in inflammation, particularly cytokines.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Both the NF-kappaB and AP-1 proteins enter the nucleus where they activate target genes involved in inflammation, particularly cytokines.
p45
p45
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
m1599*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14745443 The TRIF?TRAM pathway results in activation of the atypical IKKs IKK-epsilon and TBK1, as well as the IFN-inducible PKR.
p46
p46
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
m3902*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14745443 The TRIF?TRAM pathway results in activation of the atypical IKKs IKK-epsilon and TBK1, as well as the IFN-inducible PKR.
p47
p47
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
m40*m41*m16910*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Together, these kinases result in both IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation, enhancing the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the activation of STAT1 and IRF-3, which regulate the expression of IFN-inducible genes.
p48
p48
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
m1055*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14745443 The TRIF?TRAM pathway results in activation of the atypical IKKs IKK-epsilon and TBK1, as well as the IFN-inducible PKR.
p49
p49
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
m1357*m42*m40*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Together, these kinases result in both IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation, enhancing the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the activation of STAT1 and IRF-3, which regulate the expression of IFN-inducible genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
p50
p50
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
m977*m42*m40*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Together, these kinases result in both IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation, enhancing the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the activation of STAT1 and IRF-3, which regulate the expression of IFN-inducible genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c230 : 1
m13*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 11948342 For instance, anti-DNA IgG autoantibodies can form complexes with hypomethylated CpG-containing DNAs, and then bind both to rheumatoid factor (anti-IgG) B cells through their BCR via direct IgG binding, and to TLR9 via binding of the co-complexed DNA, resulting in activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
m46*m2450*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 11948342 For instance, anti-DNA IgG autoantibodies can form complexes with hypomethylated CpG-containing DNAs, and then bind both to rheumatoid factor (anti-IgG) B cells through their BCR via direct IgG binding, and to TLR9 via binding of the co-complexed DNA, resulting in activation. PMID: 15886111 Environmental CpG-containing DNAs (mammalian or non-mammalian) are directly endocytosed or internalized after binding to anti-DNA BCRs.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
m19828*m46*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 11948342 For instance, anti-DNA IgG autoantibodies can form complexes with hypomethylated CpG-containing DNAs, and then bind both to rheumatoid factor (anti-IgG) B cells through their BCR via direct IgG binding, and to TLR9 via binding of the co-complexed DNA, resulting in activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m43*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Together, these kinases result in both IkappaB phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation, enhancing the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the activation of STAT1 and IRF-3, which regulate the expression of IFN-inducible genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
m1572*m48*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TLR9, normally generated and found in the endoplasmic reticulum, encounters CpG DNAs in lysosomal/late endosomal compartments, where it initiates a signaling cascade via MyD88?IRAK?TRAF6?TAK1, similar to TLR4 (Figure 1 but without TIRAP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
m184*m21*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TLR9, normally generated and found in the endoplasmic reticulum, encounters CpG DNAs in lysosomal/late endosomal compartments, where it initiates a signaling cascade via MyD88?IRAK?TRAF6?TAK1, similar to TLR4 (Figure 1 but without TIRAP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
m183*m22*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TLR9, normally generated and found in the endoplasmic reticulum, encounters CpG DNAs in lysosomal/late endosomal compartments, where it initiates a signaling cascade via MyD88?IRAK?TRAF6?TAK1, similar to TLR4 (Figure 1 but without TIRAP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TLR9, normally generated and found in the endoplasmic reticulum, encounters CpG DNAs in lysosomal/late endosomal compartments, where it initiates a signaling cascade via MyD88?IRAK?TRAF6?TAK1, similar to TLR4 (Figure 1 but without TIRAP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
m64*m65*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TLR9, normally generated and found in the endoplasmic reticulum, encounters CpG DNAs in lysosomal/late endosomal compartments, where it initiates a signaling cascade via MyD88?IRAK?TRAF6?TAK1, similar to TLR4 (Figure 1 but without TIRAP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
m37*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Both the NF-kappaB and AP-1 proteins enter the nucleus where they activate target genes involved in B cell activation, proliferation, and immunoglobulin (Ig) production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Both the NF-kappaB and AP-1 proteins enter the nucleus where they activate target genes involved in B cell activation, proliferation, and immunoglobulin (Ig) production.
p62
p62
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
m23*m64461*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 In such studies, CpG treatments are associated with the preferential production of ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç immunoglobulin isotypes, such as the IFN-gamma-related IgG2a in mice. PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 14586416 Interestingly, the Th1-like effect requires the classical MyD88 adaptor pathway and, at least for IgG2a class switching, requires the Th1-related T-box transcription factor T-bet, but the effect of CpG DNAs on IgG1 and IgE production appears to be at least partially MyD88 independent.
p63
p63
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
m67*m23*m64461*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 In such studies, CpG treatments are associated with the preferential production of ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç immunoglobulin isotypes, such as the IFN-gamma-related IgG2a in mice. PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 14586416 Interestingly, the Th1-like effect requires the classical MyD88 adaptor pathway and, at least for IgG2a class switching, requires the Th1-related T-box transcription factor T-bet, but the effect of CpG DNAs on IgG1 and IgE production appears to be at least partially MyD88 independent.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 12766768, 14586416 Previously, such effects upon B cells were presumed to reflect the indirect effect of skewing towards and/or preferential survival of Th1 cells in the helper T cell compartment, but recent studies indicate that CpG DNAs might have direct effects upon murine B cells, inducing and/or promoting class switching to ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç isotypes, such as IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, while suppressing the production of the ¡ÆTh2-like¡Ç (IL-4-related) isotypes IgG1 and IgE.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
m69*m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 12766768, 14586416 Previously, such effects upon B cells were presumed to reflect the indirect effect of skewing towards and/or preferential survival of Th1 cells in the helper T cell compartment, but recent studies indicate that CpG DNAs might have direct effects upon murine B cells, inducing and/or promoting class switching to ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç isotypes, such as IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, while suppressing the production of the ¡ÆTh2-like¡Ç (IL-4-related) isotypes IgG1 and IgE.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 12766768, 14586416 Previously, such effects upon B cells were presumed to reflect the indirect effect of skewing towards and/or preferential survival of Th1 cells in the helper T cell compartment, but recent studies indicate that CpG DNAs might have direct effects upon murine B cells, inducing and/or promoting class switching to ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç isotypes, such as IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, while suppressing the production of the ¡ÆTh2-like¡Ç (IL-4-related) isotypes IgG1 and IgE.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
m71*m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 12766768, 14586416 Previously, such effects upon B cells were presumed to reflect the indirect effect of skewing towards and/or preferential survival of Th1 cells in the helper T cell compartment, but recent studies indicate that CpG DNAs might have direct effects upon murine B cells, inducing and/or promoting class switching to ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç isotypes, such as IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, while suppressing the production of the ¡ÆTh2-like¡Ç (IL-4-related) isotypes IgG1 and IgE.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 12766768, 14586416 Previously, such effects upon B cells were presumed to reflect the indirect effect of skewing towards and/or preferential survival of Th1 cells in the helper T cell compartment, but recent studies indicate that CpG DNAs might have direct effects upon murine B cells, inducing and/or promoting class switching to ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç isotypes, such as IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, while suppressing the production of the ¡ÆTh2-like¡Ç (IL-4-related) isotypes IgG1 and IgE.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
m73*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 12766768, 14586416 Previously, such effects upon B cells were presumed to reflect the indirect effect of skewing towards and/or preferential survival of Th1 cells in the helper T cell compartment, but recent studies indicate that CpG DNAs might have direct effects upon murine B cells, inducing and/or promoting class switching to ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç isotypes, such as IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, while suppressing the production of the ¡ÆTh2-like¡Ç (IL-4-related) isotypes IgG1 and IgE.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 12766768, 14586416 Previously, such effects upon B cells were presumed to reflect the indirect effect of skewing towards and/or preferential survival of Th1 cells in the helper T cell compartment, but recent studies indicate that CpG DNAs might have direct effects upon murine B cells, inducing and/or promoting class switching to ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç isotypes, such as IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, while suppressing the production of the ¡ÆTh2-like¡Ç (IL-4-related) isotypes IgG1 and IgE.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 15114682, 12766768, 14586416 Previously, such effects upon B cells were presumed to reflect the indirect effect of skewing towards and/or preferential survival of Th1 cells in the helper T cell compartment, but recent studies indicate that CpG DNAs might have direct effects upon murine B cells, inducing and/or promoting class switching to ¡ÆTh1-like¡Ç isotypes, such as IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, while suppressing the production of the ¡ÆTh2-like¡Ç (IL-4-related) isotypes IgG1 and IgE.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 12778475, 15249208, 15070685 Other studies have indicated that, whereas CpG DNAs alone can induce the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and chemokine receptors such as CXCR3 in human B cells, CpG DNAs require synergistic cooperation with CD40 signals and/or simultaneous culture with plasmacytoid dendritic cells to induce secretion of immunoglobulins or cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10, or to promote Th1 development by helper T cells
p73
p73
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
stoichiometry:c199 : 1
stoichiometry:c203 : 1
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
m76*m13*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 12778475, 15249208, 15070685 Other studies have indicated that, whereas CpG DNAs alone can induce the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and chemokine receptors such as CXCR3 in human B cells, CpG DNAs require synergistic cooperation with CD40 signals and/or simultaneous culture with plasmacytoid dendritic cells to induce secretion of immunoglobulins or cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10, or to promote Th1 development by helper T cells
p74
p74
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c200 : 1
stoichiometry:c201 : 1
stoichiometry:c202 : 1
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
m13*m94230*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 12778475, 15249208, 15070685 Other studies have indicated that, whereas CpG DNAs alone can induce the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and chemokine receptors such as CXCR3 in human B cells, CpG DNAs require synergistic cooperation with CD40 signals and/or simultaneous culture with plasmacytoid dendritic cells to induce secretion of immunoglobulins or cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10, or to promote Th1 development by helper T cells
p75
p75
cso30:i:CE_CellDifferentiation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c204 : 1
stoichiometry:c205 : 1
m13*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14707068 Other studies have indicated that, whereas CpG DNAs alone can induce the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and chemokine receptors such as CXCR3 in human B cells, CpG DNAs require synergistic cooperation with CD40 signals and/or simultaneous culture with plasmacytoid dendritic cells to induce secretion of immunoglobulins or cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10, or to promote Th1 development by helper T cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c208 : 1
stoichiometry:c209 : 1
stoichiometry:c210 : 1
m78*m3964*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 11823477 Other TLRs similarly seem likely to affect B cell function both in humans and rodents in vivo. TLR2 ligands, such as neisserial porins, lipoproteins and glycoinositolphospholipids, have been shown to activate B cells, generally acting as mitogens.
p77
p77
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c207 : 1
stoichiometry:c206 : 1
m1947*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 11841848 Furthermore, some studies have indicated that TLR4 expression can in fact be induced in human B cells by specific stimuli, such as IL-4.
p78
p78
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c214 : 1
stoichiometry:c215 : 1
stoichiometry:c216 : 1
m3964*m2549*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 11823477 Other TLRs similarly seem likely to affect B cell function both in humans and rodents in vivo. TLR2 ligands, such as neisserial porins, lipoproteins and glycoinositolphospholipids, have been shown to activate B cells, generally acting as mitogens.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c211 : 1
stoichiometry:c213 : 1
stoichiometry:c212 : 1
m79*m3964*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 11823477 Other TLRs similarly seem likely to affect B cell function both in humans and rodents in vivo. TLR2 ligands, such as neisserial porins, lipoproteins and glycoinositolphospholipids, have been shown to activate B cells, generally acting as mitogens.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c217 : 1
stoichiometry:c218 : 1
stoichiometry:c219 : 1
m19940*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14976261, 14976262, 15034168 Also, the TLR7-binding guanosine analogs can stimulate human B cells, suggesting that B cells can be stimulated by the physiological ligands of TLR7, the single-stranded RNAs.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c220 : 1
stoichiometry:c222 : 1
m85*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14971051, 15481148 For instance, species-specific differences in optimal CpG sequences suggest differential regulation and/or recognition of TLR9 binding and/or signaling, and it has become clear that several ¡Æclasses¡Ç of stimulatory CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) exist: CpG-A ODNs, which strongly induce IFN-¦Á in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and potently activate NK cells; CpG-B ODNs, which potently activate NK and B cells but not PDCs; and CpG-C ODNs, which combine the effects of both.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c221 : 1
stoichiometry:c223 : 1
m86*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111, 14971051, 15481148 For instance, species-specific differences in optimal CpG sequences suggest differential regulation and/or recognition of TLR9 binding and/or signaling, and it has become clear that several ¡Æclasses¡Ç of stimulatory CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) exist: CpG-A ODNs, which strongly induce IFN-¦Á in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and potently activate NK cells; CpG-B ODNs, which potently activate NK and B cells but not PDCs; and CpG-C ODNs, which combine the effects of both.
p39
p83
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c224 : 1
stoichiometry:c225 : 1
stoichiometry:c226 : 1
m31*m34*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 also activates the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, leading to the activation of AP-1 complexes.
p40
p84
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
stoichiometry:c228 : 1
stoichiometry:c227 : 1
m219*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 TAK1 also activates the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, leading to the activation of AP-1 complexes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c229 : 1
m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 15886111 Although most studies agree that mRNAs corresponding to all TLRs can be detected in B cells, significant expression is only generally agreed upon at this time for TLR1 and TLR6?10, all of which are upregulated during activation; for example, in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 ligation, CpG oligonucleotide exposure in vitro, and as seen in activated B cell subsets ex vivo.
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--