Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
The Toll-like receptors: analysis by forward genetic methods.
Affiliation
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA,92037, USA. Bruce@scripps.edu
Abstract
Many genes, and conceivably most genes, are constitutively expressed yet haveconditional functions. Their products are utilized only under specialcircumstances, and enforce homeostatic regulation. Mutations do not disclose thefunction of such genes unless the proper conditions are applied. The genes thatencode the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) fall into this category. The TLRsrepresent the principal sensors of infection in mammals. Absent infection,mammals have little need for the TLRs; they are essential only when microbesgain access to the interior milieu of the host. The function of the TLRs inmammals was first disclosed by a spontaneous mutation in a locus called Lps,when it was shown by positional cloning to be identical to Tlr4. Random germlinemutagenesis has since permitted an estimate of the total number of proteinsrequired for TLR signaling to the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) synthesisand activity, and has also shown that these sensors are extremely broad in theirability to detect microbes. Ultimately, the TLRs are responsible for mostinfection-related phenomena, both good and bad. These include the development offever, shock, and tissue injury, but also the activation of innate and adaptiveeffector mechanisms that lead to the elimination of microbes.
PMID
16001129
|
Entity
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
MyD88
--
MO000016573
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1572
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016573 |
--
IFNbeta
--
MO000016660
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1636
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000471 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016660 |
--
CD14
--
MO000018132
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m2828
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001611 |
TRANSPATH | MO000018132 |
--
TBK1
--
MO000019331
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3902
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019331 |
--
TLR4
--
MO000019394
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3961
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019394 |
--
TLR2
--
MO000019397
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3964
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019397 |
--
LPS:LBP:CD14
--
MO000021929
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m6255
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000021929 |
--
TIRAP
--
MO000022528
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m6810
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000022528 |
--
LPS:LBP:CD14:TLR4:MD-2:TIRAP
--
MO000038315
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m16530
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038315 |
--
LPS:LBP:CD14:TLR4:MD-2:MyD88
--
MO000038321
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m16536
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038321 |
--
IRAK-4
--
MO000039077
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m17258
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000039077 |
--
TRIF
--
MO000041125
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m18998
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041125 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF
--
MO000041437
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19305
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041437 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
MO000041446
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19314
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041446 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK1
--
e11
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK1{active}
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK-4{active}
--
e13
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000039077 |
--
--
e14
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulumLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
--
e15
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_ExtrinsicToExternalSideOfMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
--
e16
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
--
e17
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_IntegralToMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
--
e18
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_ExtrinsicToInternalSideOfMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
--
e19
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_Membrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR1
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR6
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR10
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
unmethylated DNA
--
e23
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB{active}
--
e24
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
LPS:LBP:CD14:TLR4:MD-2:MyD88:TIRAP
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA
--
e26
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7:ssRNA
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_ExtrinsicToInternalSideOfMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8:ssRNA
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndoplasmicReticulum_ExtrinsicToInternalSideOfMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
TLR9:unmethylated DNA
--
e29
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
TBK1{active}
--
e30
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019331 |
--
protein kinase
--
e32
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
triacylated lipopeptides
--
e33
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
TKR2:TLR1:triacylated lipopeptides
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR2
--
e35
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
diacylated lipopeptides
--
e36
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR2:diacylated lipopeptides
--
e37
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
lipoteichoic acid
--
e38
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR2:lipoteichoic acid
--
e39
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
zymosan
--
e40
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR2:zymosan
--
e41
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
CD36
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR6:CD36
--
e45
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR6:CD36:diacylated lipopeptides
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
dectin
--
e47
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR6:Dectin
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR6:dectin:zymosan
--
e49
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4:MD-2
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:LBP:CD14:TLR4:MD-2
--
e6
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
F protein
--
e63
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4:F protein
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
envelope glycoprotein
--
e65
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4: envelope glycoprotein
--
e66
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR6:CD36:diacylated lipopeptides:MyD88
--
e67
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR6:CD36:diacylated lipopeptidesMyD88:TIRAP
--
e68
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR1:triacylated lipopeptides:MyD88
--
e69
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR1:triacylated lipopeptides:MyD88:TIRAP
--
e70
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR2:diacylated lipopeptides:MyD88
--
e71
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR2:diacylated lipopeptides:MyD88:TIRAP
--
e72
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m6438*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 12055629, 10359581 Where TLR4 is concerned, a small protein known as MD-2 is tightly bound to the ectodomain of the receptor and is required for LPS sensing to occur.
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
m3964*m19942*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 By inference, TLR10 (the next most closely related TLR of the clade) may also associate with TLR2
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m3965*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 These latter TLRs recognize nucleic acids (TLR3 senses dsRNA; TLR7 and TLR8, depending upon species, sense ssRNA; and TLR9 senses unmethylated DNA).
p12
p12
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
m12*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 The MyD88/Mal pathway leads to IRAK1/IRAK4 activation, and then to NF-KappaB activation
p12
p13
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m13*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 The MyD88/Mal pathway leads to IRAK1/IRAK4 activation, and then to NF-KappaB activation
p14
p14
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
m16536*m6810*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88, the first adapter protein identified, can signal by itself or in conjuction with Mal, also known as Tirap.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m26*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 The MyD88/Mal pathway leads to IRAK1/IRAK4 activation, and then to NF-KappaB activation
p6
p16
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
m26*m17258*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 The MyD88/Mal pathway leads to IRAK1/IRAK4 activation, and then to NF-KappaB activation
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m19940*m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 These latter TLRs recognize nucleic acids (TLR3 senses dsRNA; TLR7 and TLR8, depending upon species, sense ssRNA; and TLR9 senses unmethylated DNA).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m19823*m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 These latter TLRs recognize nucleic acids (TLR3 senses dsRNA; TLR7 and TLR8, depending upon species, sense ssRNA; and TLR9 senses unmethylated DNA).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m19828*m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 These latter TLRs recognize nucleic acids (TLR3 senses dsRNA; TLR7 and TLR8, depending upon species, sense ssRNA; and TLR9 senses unmethylated DNA).
p2
p2
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m155666*m3985*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 It was inferred that LPS was conveyed to the cell surface by LBP, which transferred it to CD14: presumably a part of the LPS receptor.
p20
p20
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m19314*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 12872135, 12855817 TRIF alone signals from TLR3
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m19305*m3902*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 the TRIF/TRAM pathway leads to TBK-1 activation and to IRF-3 activation.
p21
p22
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
m31*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 the TRIF/TRAM pathway leads to TBK-1 activation and to IRF-3 activation.
p23
p23
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m19305*m25*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 15895089 The TRIF pathway is also capable of activating NF-KappaB, however, and requires a separate protein kinase
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
m6*m6810*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 12893815, 15241424 As already mentioned, it (TLR4) can signal via MyD88 and Mal alone, or via MyD88, Mal, TRIF, and TRAM
p6
p25
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
m16530*m17258*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 The MyD88/Mal pathway leads to IRAK1/IRAK4 activation, and then to NF-KappaB activation
p6
p26
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
m16530*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 The MyD88/Mal pathway leads to IRAK1/IRAK4 activation, and then to NF-KappaB activation
p21
p27
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
m6*m18998*m3902*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 the TRIF/TRAM pathway leads to TBK-1 activation and to IRF-3 activation. PMID: 16001129, 12872135, 14556004 TRIF and TRAM, the fourth adapter, signal from TLR4
p28
p28
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
m93217*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 TRIF and TRAM, two adapters that are crucial for induction of interferon-beta synthesis and for adjuvant effects.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
m20*m34*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 15690042, 12719479 The story is similarly strange for TLR2, which acts as a heteromer with TLR1 to detect triacylated lipopeptides, and as a heteromer with TLR2 to detect diacylated lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid, zymosan, and other rather unrelated molecules.
p2
p3
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m2828*m6254*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 It was inferred that LPS was conveyed to the cell surface by LBP, which transferred it to CD14: presumably a part of the LPS receptor.
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_Dimerization
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
m3964*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 15690042, 12719479 The story is similarly strange for TLR2, which acts as a heteromer with TLR1 to detect triacylated lipopeptides, and as a heteromer with TLR2 to detect diacylated lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid, zymosan, and other rather unrelated molecules.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
m36*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 15690042, 12719479 The story is similarly strange for TLR2, which acts as a heteromer with TLR1 to detect triacylated lipopeptides, and as a heteromer with TLR2 to detect diacylated lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid, zymosan, and other rather unrelated molecules.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
m36*m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 15690042, 12719479 The story is similarly strange for TLR2, which acts as a heteromer with TLR1 to detect triacylated lipopeptides, and as a heteromer with TLR2 to detect diacylated lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid, zymosan, and other rather unrelated molecules.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
m36*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 15690042, 12719479 The story is similarly strange for TLR2, which acts as a heteromer with TLR1 to detect triacylated lipopeptides, and as a heteromer with TLR2 to detect diacylated lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid, zymosan, and other rather unrelated molecules.
p28
p34
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
m19005*m93217*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 TRIF and TRAM, two adapters that are crucial for induction of interferon-beta synthesis and for adjuvant effects.
p35
p35
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
m6*m19005*m3902*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 But it (TLR4) can also signal via TRAM alone under certain circumstances PMID: 16001129, 12872135, 14556004 TRIF and TRAM, the fourth adapter, signal from TLR4
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
m21*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 15690042 In the case of the TLR2/TLR6 heterodimer, it was shown that CD36 is a third important recognition molecule for diacylated lipopeptides
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
m46*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 15690042 In the case of the TLR2/TLR6 heterodimer, it was shown that CD36 is a third important recognition molecule for diacylated lipopeptides
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
m48*m21*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 12719479 In the case of the TLR2/TLR6 heterodimer, it was shown that CD36 is a third important recognition molecule for diacylated lipopeptides , while dectin-1 is a coreceptor for glucans that form the major part of zymosan
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
m41*m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 12719479 In the case of the TLR2/TLR6 heterodimer, it was shown that CD36 is a third important recognition molecule for diacylated lipopeptides , while dectin-1 is a coreceptor for glucans that form the major part of zymosan
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m6255*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 the LPS receptor, TLR4 was responsible for everything that LPS could do, including induction of cytokines, upregulation of costimulatory molecules, and initiation of both innate and adaptive responses.
p40
p40
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
m3961*m64*m2828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 11602714,14694089, 12730691, 12110201, 11854525 It was also reported that TLR4 senses the F protein of respiratory syncitial virus (RSV)and the envelope glycoprotein of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)
p40
p41
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
m66*m3961*m2828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 11602714,14694089, 12730691, 12110201, 11854525 It was also reported that TLR4 senses the F protein of respiratory syncitial virus (RSV)and the envelope glycoprotein of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
m47*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
m68*m6810*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
m69*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
p44
p45
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m69*m17258*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
m35*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
m71*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
p44
p49
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
m71*m17258*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m6*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88, the first adapter protein identified, can signal by itself or in conjuction with Mal, also known as Tirap. MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
m38*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
m72*m6810*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
m73*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
p44
p53
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
m17258*m73*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 MyD88 and Mal are both required for signaling from TLR2-containing complexes and from TLR4.
p21
p54
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
m18998*m6*m33*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 the TRIF/TRAM pathway leads to TBK-1 activation and to IRF-3 activation. PMID: 16001129, 12872135, 14556004 TRIF and TRAM, the fourth adapter, signal from TLR4 PMID: 16001129, 15895089 The TRIF pathway is also capable of activating NF-KappaB, however, and requires a separate protein kinase
p6
p6
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m16536*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 The MyD88/Mal pathway leads to IRAK1/IRAK4 activation, and then to NF-KappaB activation
p7
p7
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m16536*m17258*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129 The MyD88/Mal pathway leads to IRAK1/IRAK4 activation, and then to NF-KappaB activation
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
m3964*m3963*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 11095740 TLR2 is known to associate with both TLR1 and TLR6
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m3964*m3987*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16001129, 11095740 TLR2 is known to associate with both TLR1 and TLR6
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--