Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
TLR signalling and activation of IRFs: revisiting old friends from the NF-kappaBpathway.
Affiliation
Department of Pharmacology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and BiomedicalResearch, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.P.Moynagh@ucd.ie
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucially important in the sensing of infectiousagents. They serve to recognize pathogen-associated molecules and respond bytriggering the induction of specific profiles of proteins that are tailored tothe successful removal of the invading pathogens. The induction ofTLR-responsive genes is mediated by the activation of transcription factors, andmost interest has focussed on NF-kappaB, a transcription factor that isuniversally used by all TLRs. However, there has recently been a burgeoningeffort to increase our appreciation of the importance of members of theinterferon-regulatory factor (IRF) family in TLR signalling. This review willdiscuss the most recent findings relating to the regulation of IRF activity byTLRs and will highlight the rapidly increasing complexity of TLR signallingpathways.
PMID
16006187
|
Entity
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
IKK-alpha
--
MO000000210
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m181
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000210 |
--
IKK-beta
--
MO000000211
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m182
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000211 |
--
TRAF6
--
MO000000212
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m183
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001841 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000212 |
--
26S proteasome
--
MO000000218
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m189
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000218 |
--
IRF-5
--
MO000007700
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m979
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007700 |
--
IRF-7
--
MO000007702
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m980
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000007702 |
--
MyD88
--
MO000016573
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1572
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016573 |
--
IRAK-4
--
MO000039077
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m17258
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000039077 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF
--
MO000041437
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19305
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041437 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
MO000041446
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19314
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041446 |
--
IRF-3{p}
--
MO000041456
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19324
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
--
IRF-7{p}
--
MO000041457
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19325
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041457 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK1
--
e11
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MYD88:Tollip
--
e12
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MYD88:Tollip:IRAK1
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MYD88:tollip:IRAK1:IRAK4
--
e14
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MYD88:Tollip:IRAK1{p}:IRAK4
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MYD88:Tollip:IRAK1{p}:IRAK4
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:TRAM
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
MYD88:Tollip
--
e18
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:IRAK1{p}:IRAK4
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
MYD88:Tollip:TRAF6
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
TAK1{active}
--
e21
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016574 |
--
IKK-alpha{active}
--
e22
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000210 |
--
IkappaB:NFkappaB
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
IkappaB{p}:NFkappaB
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
IkappaB{p}{ub}:NFkappaB
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
protein remnants
--
e26
cso30:c:EntityBiological
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLR3{p}:PI3K
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-beta{active}
--
e29
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000211 |
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:TIRAP
--
e30
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
--
e31
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
--
e32
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
--
e33
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:TRAM:TRIF
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:TRAM:TRIF:TRAF6
--
e35
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:TRAM:TRIF:RIP1
--
e36
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
(IRF3{p})2
--
e38
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
IRF3{p}:CBP
--
e39
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
IRF3{p}:p300
--
e40
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
IFN-beta
--
e41
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
ISGF3{active}
--
e42
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
ISGF3
--
e43
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
IFN-betaR
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
IFN-alpha
--
e46
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3{p}
--
e47
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
--
NAP1
--
e48
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:TIRAP:MYD88
--
e6
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB{p}
--
e63
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLR3{p}
--
e64
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA
--
e66
cso30:c:Rna
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA:TLR7
--
e67
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA:TLR9
--
e68
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA:TLR7:MYD88
--
e70
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m74
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA:TLR7:MYD88:IRF7
--
e71
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA:TLR7:MYD88:IRF7:IRAK4:TRAF6
--
e72
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK1:IRF7
--
e73
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
0
infinite
0
--
MYD88:TRAF6:IRF5
--
e75
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-5{p}
--
e76
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF:TBK1:IKK-i:NAP1
--
e78
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m82
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041437 |
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m3961*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m1573*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 10094049 TRAF-6 is an ubiquitin ligase and activates transforming growth factor-¦Â (TGF-¦Â)-activating kinase (TAK1).
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
m21*m181*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 TAK1 promotes downstream activation of the I¦ÊB kinases (IKK), IKK alpha and IKK¦Â.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m23*m22*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 9570540 The IKKs directly phosphorylate members of the inhibitory I¦ÊB family, which normally sequester NF-¦ÊB in an inactive form in the cytosol.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 9237759, 12467243 The phosphorylation of the I¦ÊB proteins represents a signal for polyubiquitination followed by their degradation by the 26 S proteosome and this enables the translocation of NF-¦ÊB to the nucleus, where it induces a plethora of genes encoding proinflammatory proteins and co-stimulatory molecules.
p14
p14
cso30:i:ME_ProteasomeDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m25*m189*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 9237759, 12467243 The phosphorylation of the I¦ÊB proteins represents a signal for polyubiquitination followed by their degradation by the 26 S proteosome and this enables the translocation of NF-¦ÊB to the nucleus, where it induces a plethora of genes encoding proinflammatory proteins and co-stimulatory molecules.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 9237759, 12467243 The phosphorylation of the I¦ÊB proteins represents a signal for polyubiquitination followed by their degradation by the 26 S proteosome and this enables the translocation of NF-¦ÊB to the nucleus, where it induces a plethora of genes encoding proinflammatory proteins and co-stimulatory molecules.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
m23*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 9570540 The IKKs directly phosphorylate members of the inhibitory I¦ÊB family, which normally sequester NF-¦ÊB in an inactive form in the cytosol.
p17
p17
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
m182*m21*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 TAK1 promotes downstream activation of the I¦ÊB kinases (IKK), IKK alpha and IKK¦Â.
p18
p18
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m3965*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 Poly(I:C) is ligand for TLR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
m5*m6810*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 12447442, 12447441 TIRAP acts as a bridging adaptor between Myd88 and TLR4 and TLR2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m1572*m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 9734363 All TLRs recruit the TIR domain-containing adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88).
p20
p20
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m19314*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 12539043 TRIF interacts directly with the TIR domain of TLR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m5*m19005*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 14519765 TIR domain-containing adaptor TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM), also known as TICAM-2, acts as a bridging adaptor between TLR4 and TRIF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m17*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 14519765 TIR domain-containing adaptor TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM), also known as TICAM-2, acts as a bridging adaptor between TLR4 and TRIF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
m35*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 TRIF interacts with TRAF-6, the downstream adaptor with a previously described role in the Myd88-dependent pathway.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m35*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15064760 TRIF can also associate with the kinase receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and can activate NF-¦ÊB.
p25
p25
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
m19314*m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 Viral infection triggers phosphorylation of a serine/threonine cluster in the C-terminal region of IRF3. PMID: 16006187, 11698465, 12354379, 12524442 The engagement of TLR3 and TLR4 by poly(I:C) and LPS, respectively, promotes phosphorylation of IRF3 and the induction of type I IFN genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 IRF3 shuttles into the nucleus by virtue of its nuclear localisation sequence. PMID: 16006187, 14679297 IKK-i and TBK1 can directly phosphorylate IRF3 at its C-terminal serine/threonine cluster and that this is sufficient to induce nuclear translocation and DNA binding of IRF-3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 Phosphorylation causes a change in conformation, revealing an IRF-association domain and DNA-binding domain, enabling the dimerization of IRF3 and binding to IRF3 motifs in relevant promoters.
p28
p28
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
m19324*m2282*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 The C-terminal phosphorylation of IRF3 also facilitates its association with the co-activators CBP [CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)-binding protein] and p300 and these interactions prevent IRF3 export to the cytoplasm.
p29
p29
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
m19324*m4512*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 The C-terminal phosphorylation of IRF3 also facilitates its association with the co-activators CBP [CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)-binding protein] and p300 and these interactions prevent IRF3 export to the cytoplasm.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m6*m3973*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 10854325 IRAK-1 is recruited to Myd88 within a complex with another protein termed Toll-interacting protein (Tollip).
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
m19324*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 IRF3 primarily activates the IFN-¦Â promoter with the co-operation of other transcription factors, especially NF-¦ÊB.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
m93217*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 IRF3 primarily activates the IFN-¦Â promoter with the co-operation of other transcription factors, especially NF-¦ÊB.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
m45*m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 Once IFN-¦Â is produced, it subsequently activates a transcription factor complex, known as IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), comprising STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription1), STAT2 and IRF9.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
m46*m43*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 IFN-beta binds IFN-beta receptor.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
m44*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 ISGF3 in turn induces the expression of IRF7 and this is subject to virus-induced phosphorylation in a manner similar to IRF3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
m93631*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 ISGF3 in turn induces the expression of IRF7 and this is subject to virus-induced phosphorylation in a manner similar to IRF3.
p36
p36
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
m980*m19314*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 ISGF3 in turn induces the expression of IRF7 and this is subject to virus-induced phosphorylation in a manner similar to IRF3.
p37
p37
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
m19325*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 This leads to activation of IRF7 and its stimulation of IFN-alpha/¦Â promoters.
p38
p38
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
m19325*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 This leads to activation of IRF7 and its stimulation of IFN-alpha/¦Â promoters.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
m39*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 11698465, 12354379, 12524442 The engagement of TLR3 and TLR4 by poly(I:C) and LPS, respectively, promotes phosphorylation of IRF3 and the induction of type I IFN genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m12*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 10854325 IRAK-1 is recruited to Myd88 within a complex with another protein termed Toll-interacting protein (Tollip).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
m39*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 IKK-i and TBK1 can directly phosphorylate IRF3 at its C-terminal serine/threonine cluster.
p44
p44
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
m27*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 10783893, 10990461 the overexpression of both forms is sufficient to activate NF-¦ÊB, this is independent of the phosphorylation and degradation of I¦ÊB proteins and is more related to the phosphorylation and increased transactivation of the NF-¦ÊB subunit p65.
p45
p45
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
m980*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 12702806 IKK-i and TBK1 also phosphorylate and activate IRF7.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
m19314*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 TLR3 has been shown recently to be phosphorylated on two key tyrosine residues in response to its engagement by dsRNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
m66*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15502848 TLR3 has been shown recently to be phosphorylated on two key tyrosine residues in response to its engagement by dsRNA and this leads to the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), activation of the downstream kinase Akt and ultimately phosphorylation of IRF-3.
p49
p49
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
m68*m67*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15502848 TLR3 has been shown recently to be phosphorylated on two key tyrosine residues in response to its engagement by dsRNA and this leads to the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), activation of the downstream kinase Akt and ultimately phosphorylation of IRF-3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m13*m17258*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 12421671 Myd88 then associates with members of the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) family (IRAK-1?4).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
m39*m69*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15502848 TLR3 has been shown recently to be phosphorylated on two key tyrosine residues in response to its engagement by dsRNA and this leads to the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), activation of the downstream kinase Akt and ultimately phosphorylation of IRF-3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
m19940*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 14976262, 14976261, 11470918, 12900525 TLR7 and TLR9 strongly and produce large amounts of IFN-alpha in response to the TLR7 ligand, single stranded viral RNA and TLR9 activators, such as DNA viruses and CpG oligonucleotides.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
m19828*m73*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 14976262, 14976261, 11470918, 12900525 TLR7 and TLR9 strongly and produce large amounts of IFN-alpha in response to the TLR7 ligand, single stranded viral RNA and TLR9 activators, such as DNA viruses and CpG oligonucleotides.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
m1572*m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15361868, 15492225 Myd88 forms a complex with IRF7 to trigger its activation and induce IFN-alpha
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
m74*m980*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15361868, 15492225 Myd88 forms a complex with IRF7 to trigger its activation and induce IFN-alpha
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
m75*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15361868, 15492225 Myd88 forms a complex with IRF7 to trigger its activation and induce IFN-alpha
p56
p56
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
m75*m183*m17258*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15492225, 15361868 This complex also contains IRAK4 and TRAF6 and the ubiquitin ligase activity of the latter is required for IRF activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
m980*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15815647 IRAK-1 interacts directly with, and phosphorylates, IRF7.
p58
p58
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
m980*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15815647 IRAK-1 interacts directly with, and phosphorylates, IRF7.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
m19325*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187 TLR7 and TLR9 use a Myd88- and IRAK-1-dependent pathway to phosphorylate IRF7, leading to its nuclear translocation and the induction of type I IFN genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 11960013, 8599092 The IRAK?Myd88 association triggers hyperphosphorylation of IRAK-1 by itself and other kinases, such as IRAK-4.
p60
p60
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
m979*m183*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15665823 IRF5 associates with both Myd88 and TRAF-6.
p62
p62
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
m979*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15556946 IRF-5 is phosphorylated by TBK1 and IKK-i, this phosphorylation does not lead to IRF-5 nuclear translocation or activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
m979*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15665823 ligands for TLR4 and TLR9 promote nuclear translocation of IRF5 in a Myd88-dependent manner
p20
p64
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
m3902*m19305*m1599*m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 12539043 TRIF interacts directly with the TIR domain of TLR3.
p65
p65
cso30:i:ME_Translocation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
m979*m72*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 15665823 ligands for TLR4 and TLR9 promote nuclear translocation of IRF5 in a Myd88-dependent manner
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
m15*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 11960013, 8599092 The IRAK?Myd88 association triggers hyperphosphorylation of IRAK-1 by itself and other kinases, such as IRAK-4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 10854325 The IRAK?Myd88 association triggers hyperphosphorylation of IRAK-1 by itself and other kinases, such as IRAK-4 which leads to its dissociation from Myd88 and Tollip and its interaction with the downstream adaptor tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF-6)
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
m18*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16006187, 10854325 The IRAK?Myd88 association triggers hyperphosphorylation of IRAK-1 by itself and other kinases, such as IRAK-4 which leads to its dissociation from Myd88 and Tollip and its interaction with the downstream adaptor tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF-6).
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--