Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Toll-like receptors. II. Distribution and pathways involved in TLR signalling.
Affiliation
Department of Immunology, Comenius University School of Medicine, Bratislava,Slovakia.
Abstract
The innate immune system senses invading microorganisms by a phylogeneticallyconserved family of proteins--TLRs. They are expressed in several types of cellsthat represent a route of entry of pathogens into the host organism and that cancontribute to protection against infection. Except for cells of the immunesystem, TLRs are present in epithelial cells of the skin, respiratory,intestinal, and genitourinary tracts that form the first protective barrier toinvading pathogens. Polarized regulation of TLR expression in epithelial cellsexplains why pathogenic but not commensal bacteria elicit inflammatoryresponses. TLR-induced intracellular signalling pathways show remarkablecomplexity: apart from a common signalling pathway, additional signallingpathways specific for each of the TLRs are responsible for a fine tuning of theimmune response, thus securing effective pathogen-directed biological responses.
PMID
16419614
|
Entity
Process
JNK
--
MO000000023
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m85
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000023 |
--
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
Rac1 [activated}
--
MO000000166
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m146
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000166 |
--
TRAF6
--
MO000000212
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m183
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001841 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000212 |
--
IL-1
--
MO000000214
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m185
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000214 |
--
TNF-alpha
--
MO000000289
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m230
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003636 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000289 |
--
IRF-3
--
MO000007694
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m977
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
MyD88
--
MO000016573
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1572
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016573 |
--
STATs
--
MO000016656
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1633
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016656 |
--
IFNgamma
--
MO000016665
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1639
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR002069 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016665 |
--
LPS
--
MO000016882
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m155666
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016882 |
--
cytokines
--
MO000019387
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3957
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019387 |
--
Tollip
--
MO000019406
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3973
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000008 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019406 |
--
STAT1{p}
--
MO000019704
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m4238
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019704 |
--
superoxide
--
MO000021062
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m117348
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000021062 |
--
Tollip:IRAK
--
MO000039097
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m17273
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000039097 |
--
TRIF
--
MO000041125
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m18998
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041125 |
--
IRF-3{p}
--
MO000041456
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19324
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
G-CSF: NF-IL6
--
e100
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m105
0
infinite
0
--
NF-IL6
--
e101
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m106
0
infinite
0
--
PGE2
--
e102
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m107
0
infinite
0
--
ISRE {activated}: IRF-3{p} {nucleus}
--
e103
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m108
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m109
10
infinite
0
Affymetrix | 1418930_at |
Ensembl | ENSMUSG00000034855 |
MGD | Cxcl10 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/Cxcl10 |
RefSeq | NM_021274 |
TRANSFAC | G001062 |
Unigene | Mm.263514 |
--
STATs {activated}
--
e105
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m110
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016656 |
--
LPS: TLR4: TIRAP
--
e11
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4
--
e12
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TIRAP: MyD88
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1: IL-1R: MyD88: IRAK {p}: Tollip
--
e14
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
polyI:C
--
e15
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
polyI:C: TLR3
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin: TLR5
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1: IL-1R
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1: IL-1R: MyD88
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: IRAK: Tollip
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1: IL-1R: MyD88: IRAK: Tollip
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: IRAK {p}: TRAF6
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1: IL-1R: MyD88: IRAK {p}: TRAF6
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB {activated}
--
e26
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: IRAK {p}: Tollip
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM
--
e29
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM: TRIF
--
e30
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: IRAK {p}
--
e31
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1: IL-1R: MyD88: IRAK {p}
--
e32
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TIRAP: MyD88: IRAK: Tollip
--
e33
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TIRAP: MyD88: IRAK [p}: Tollip
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TIRAP: MyD88: IRAK [p}
--
e35
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
TAK1 {activated}
--
e36
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016574 |
--
LPS: TLR4: TIRAP: MyD88: IRAK [p}: IRAK4: TRAF6
--
e37
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-alpha:IKK-beta:IKK-gamma
--
e38
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016661 |
--
IKK-alpha:IKK-beta:IKK-gamma {activated}
--
e39
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016661 |
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
IkappaB {activated}
--
e40
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000215 |
--
TLR1: TLR2
--
e41
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
BLPs: TLR1: TLR2: TIRAP: MyD88: IRAK {p}: TRAF6
--
e42
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
BLPs: TLR1: TLR2: TIRAP
--
e43
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
BLPs: TLR1: TLR2
--
e44
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
BLPs: TLR1: TLR2: TIRAP: MyD88
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
BLPs: TLR1: TLR2: TIRAP: MyD88: IRAK: Tollip
--
e47
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
BLPs: TLR1: TLR2: TIRAP: MyD88: IRAK {p}: Tollip
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
BLPs: TLR1: TLR2: TIRAP: MyD88: IRAK {p}
--
e49
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand
--
e5
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR
--
e6
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: TLR3: TRIF
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
polyI:C: TLR3: TRIF
--
e65
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
polyI:C: TLR3: TRIF: IRF-3
--
e66
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: TLR3: TRIF: TRAF6
--
e67
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-7 [activated}
--
e68
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000007702 |
--
IRF-3{p} [nucleus}
--
e69
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
ISRE: IRF-3{p} {nucleus}
--
e71
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
10
infinite
0
Ensembl | ENSG00000147877 |
HGNC | IFNA7 |
OMIM | 147567 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/IFNA7 |
RefSeq | NM_021057 |
TRANSFAC | G000306 |
Unigene | Hs.282274 |
--
BLPs: TLR1: TLR2: TIRAP: MyD88: Rac1 {activated}: PI3K
--
e73
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
RelA-p65 {activated}
--
e74
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000193 |
--
RelA-p65 {nucleus}
--
e76
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000193 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9
--
e78
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m81
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9: MyD88
--
e79
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m82
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
IFN inducible genes
--
e80
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m83
0
infinite
0
--
JNK {activated}
--
e81
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m86
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000023 |
--
cytokines
--
e83
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m89
0
infinite
0
--
TLR agonist
--
e84
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m84
0
infinite
0
--
Delta-4
--
e86
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m91
0
infinite
0
--
TLR3 agonist
--
e87
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m92
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4 agonist
--
e88
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m93
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8 agonist
--
e89
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m94
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
immunoglobulin light chain genes
--
e90
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m95
0
infinite
0
--
NF-IL6 {p}
--
e91
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m96
10
infinite
0
Affymetrix | 212501_at |
Ensembl | ENSG00000172216 |
HGNC | CEBPB |
InterPro | IPR004827 |
OMIM | 189965 |
PIR | S12788 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/CEBPB |
RefSeq | NM_005194 |
TRANSFAC | T06595 |
TRANSPATH | MO000054454 |
Unigene | Hs.517106 |
UniProt | P17676 |
--
IL-6
--
e92
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m97
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m98
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m99
0
infinite
0
--
TNF
--
e95
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m100
0
infinite
0
--
NF-IL6
--
e96
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
csml-variable:Double
m101
0
infinite
0
--
IL-8
--
e97
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m102
0
infinite
0
--
G-CSF
--
e98
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m103
0
infinite
0
--
IL-8: NFIL6
--
e99
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m104
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m5*m3962*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 The host defence against microorganisms mediated by TLRs relies mainly on signalling pathways induced by a common Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain and shows a high homology to that of the IL-1R (IL-1 receptor) family.
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
m230*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Renal inflammation evoked by ischaemia markedly enhanced synthesis of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA followed by significant elevation of protein expression in the distal tubular epithelium, the thin limb of Henle¡Çs loop and collecting ducts. This phenomenon was shown to be completely dependent on the action of IFN-gamma and TNF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
m18*m185*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 The host defence against microorganisms mediated by TLRs relies mainly on signalling pathways induced by a common Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain and shows a high homology to that of the IL-1R (IL-1 receptor) family.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
m1572*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Both TLRs and IL-1R interact with the intracellular adaptor protein MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
m1572*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Both TLRs and IL-1R interact with the intracellular adaptor protein MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
m20*m17273*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 MyD88 afterwards recruits the serine/threonine kinase IRAK. PMID: 16419614 Before IL-1 treatment, Tollip is present in a complex with IRAK. Following the IL-1 stimulation, the recruitment of Tollip-IRAK complexes to the activated IL-1R occurs through the association of Tollip with IL-1R.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
m21*m17273*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 MyD88 afterwards recruits the serine/threonine kinase IRAK. PMID: 16419614 Before IL-1 treatment, Tollip is present in a complex with IRAK. Following the IL-1 stimulation, the recruitment of Tollip-IRAK complexes to the activated IL-1R occurs through the association of Tollip with IL-1R.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c274 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m183*m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 This, similarly to MyD88, contains DD and upon recruitment to MyD88 via DD-domain interactions is phosphorylated and subsequently associated with TRAF-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c280 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m183*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 This, similarly to MyD88, contains DD and upon recruitment to MyD88 via DD-domain interactions is phosphorylated and subsequently associated with TRAF-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 This, similarly to MyD88, contains DD and upon recruitment to MyD88 via DD-domain interactions is phosphorylated and subsequently associated with TRAF-6. PMID: 16419614, 10854325 Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (Burns et al., 2000).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 This, similarly to MyD88, contains DD and upon recruitment to MyD88 via DD-domain interactions is phosphorylated and subsequently associated with TRAF-6. PMID: 16419614, 10854325 Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (Burns et al., 2000).
p2
p2
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m155666*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 11544529, 11526399 In the process of analysing the MyD88-independent activation of the LPS-TLR4 signalling a novel adaptor protein named TIRAP or Mal was discovered (Fitzgerald et al. 2001; Horng et al., 2001).
p20
p20
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m22*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 9374458 Its activation in turn leads to initiation of two distinct downstream pathways resulting in activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors (Muzio et al., 1997; 1998).
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
m22*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 9374458 Its activation in turn leads to initiation of two distinct downstream pathways resulting in activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors (Muzio et al., 1997; 1998).
p22
p22
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c204 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
m219*m88*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 9374458 Its activation in turn leads to initiation of two distinct downstream pathways resulting in activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 transcription factors (Muzio et al., 1997; 1998). PMID: 16419614, 7622446 The activation of the AP-1 is induced through phosphorylation by the MAP kinases such as JNK and ERK, respectively, that are activated by means of TLR or IL-1R engagement (Karin, 1995).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c210 : 1
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
m89*m84*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12829592 The agonists of all TLRs expressed in neutrophils triggered cytokine release, superoxide generation, L-selectin shedding and increased phagocytosis of opsonised latex beads (Hayashi et al., 2003).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
m12*m19005*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Hence, in LPS signalling, the TLR4 recruits two types of adaptors, TIRAP and TRAM, to its cytoplasmic domain that are indirectly connected to two effec-tive adaptors, MyD88 and TRIF, respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
m30*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Hence, in LPS signalling, the TLR4 recruits two types of adaptors, TIRAP and TRAM, to its cytoplasmic domain that are indirectly connected to two effec-tive adaptors, MyD88 and TRIF, respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 10854325 Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (Burns et al., 2000).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 10854325 Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (Burns et al., 2000).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
m13*m17273*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to IL-1, as well as TLR2 and TLR4 ligands (Fig. 1), is mediated through the ability of Tollip to suppress the activity of IRAK.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
m34*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 10854325 Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (Burns et al., 2000).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m12*m6810*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 11544529, 11526399 In the process of analysing the MyD88-independent activation of the LPS-TLR4 signalling a novel adaptor protein named TIRAP or Mal was discovered (Fitzgerald et al. 2001; Horng et al., 2001).
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_Dissociation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
m35*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 10854325 Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (Burns et al., 2000).
p31
p31
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
m22*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
m183*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 This, similarly to MyD88, contains DD and upon recruitment to MyD88 via DD-domain interactions is phosphorylated and subsequently associated with TRAF-6
p33
p33
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
m1573*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 TIRAP/Mal forms dimers with MyD88 followed by association with IRAK and activation of NF-kappaB (Fig. 1).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
m39*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 TIRAP/Mal forms dimers with MyD88 followed by association with IRAK and activation of NF-kappaB (Fig. 1).
p35
p35
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
m186*m40*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 TIRAP/Mal forms dimers with MyD88 followed by association with IRAK and activation of NF-kappaB (Fig. 1).
p36
p36
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
m41*m22*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 TIRAP/Mal forms dimers with MyD88 followed by association with IRAK and activation of NF-kappaB (Fig. 1).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
m46*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12447441 Further data suggest that TIRAP/Mal is not specific to TLR4 signalling and that it takes part in the TLR2 signalling as well; however, it does not participate in the MyD88- independent pathway (Yamamoto et al., 2002).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
m6810*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12447441 Further data suggest that TIRAP/Mal is not specific to TLR4 signalling and that it takes part in the TLR2 signalling as well; however, it does not participate in the MyD88- independent pathway (Yamamoto et al., 2002).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
m44*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12447441 Further data suggest that TIRAP/Mal is not specific to TLR4 signalling and that it takes part in the TLR2 signalling as well; however, it does not parti
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m1572*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Hence, in LPS signalling, the TLR4 recruits two types of adaptors, TIRAP and TRAM, to its cytoplasmic domain that are indirectly connected to two effec-tive adaptors, MyD88 and TRIF, respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
m47*m17273*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to IL-1, as well as TLR2 and TLR4 ligands (Fig. 1), is mediated through the ability of Tollip to suppress the activity of IRAK.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
m48*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 10854325 Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (Burns et al., 2000).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 10854325 Co-recruited MyD88 then triggers IRAK autophosphorylation, which in turn leads to rapid dissociation of IRAK from Tollip (Burns et al., 2000).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
m63*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 This, similarly to MyD88, contains DD and upon recruitment to MyD88 via DD-domain interactions is phosphorylated and subsequently associated with TRAF-6.
p44
p44
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
m1573*m43*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 The inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in response to IL-1, as well as TLR2 and TLR4 ligands (Fig. 1), is mediated through the ability of Tollip to suppress the activity of IRAK.
p45
p45
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
m119368*m3965*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 11607032 Similarly to LPS, the dsRNA stimulation of TLR3 in the MyD88- deficient cells induced activation of NF-kappaB, but no production of inflammatory cytokines (Alexopoulou et al.,2001).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
m18998*m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12539043, 14519765 Thus, dsRNA-TLR3-dependent production of IFN-beta is mediated mainly by TRIF/TICAM-1.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
m18998*m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 TRIF physically associates with TLR3 and IRF-3 in response to poly(I:C).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
m66*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 TRIF physically associates with TLR3 and IRF-3 in response to poly(I:C).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
m65*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 In these experiments, TRIF was found to recruit TRAF-6 to TLR3 through its TRAF6-binding site.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m15*m3965*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 NK cells are major players in the antiviral immune response and express TLR3 and are activated directly in response to poly(I:C).
p50
p50
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
m22*m68*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 14982987 Furthermore, mutation of the TRAF6-binding site of TRIF only abolished its ability to activate NF-kappaB but not IRF3, suggesting that TLR3-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and IRF3 might bifurcate at TRIF (Jiang et al., 2004).
p51
p51
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
m977*m68*m3902*m1599*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Recently, two IKK-related kinases, inducible IkappaB kinase (IKK-i) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), were suggested to act as IRF-3 kinases and to be involved in IFN-beta production in TLR signalling and viral infection (Fig. 1, Fig. 2b). PMID: 16419614 Thus, viral infection or dsRNA stimulation via TLR3 as well as LPS stimulation via TLR4 induces phosphorylation and subsequent activation of IRF-3 and its translocation to the nucleus, thereby leading to the IFN-beta gene expression.
p52
p52
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
m977*m31*m3902*m1599*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Restricted to the TLR4 pathway, TRAM activates IRF-3, IRF-7, and NF-kappaB-dependent signalling pathways in MyD88-independent manner (Figs. 1, 2a). PMID: 16419614 Recently, two IKK-related kinases, inducible IkappaB kinase (IKK-i) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), were suggested to act as IRF-3 kinases and to be involved in IFN-beta production in TLR signalling and viral infection (Fig. 1, Fig. 2b). PMID: 16419614 Thus, viral infection or dsRNA stimulation via TLR3 as well as LPS stimulation via TLR4 induces phosphorylation and subsequent activation of IRF-3 and its translocation to the nucleus, thereby leading to the IFN-beta gene expression.
p53
p53
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
m22*m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Restricted to the TLR4 pathway, TRAM activates IRF-3, IRF-7, and NF-kappaB-dependent signalling pathways in MyD88-independent manner (Figs. 1, 2a).
p54
p54
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
m980*m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Restricted to the TLR4 pathway, TRAM activates IRF-3, IRF-7, and NF-kappaB-dependent signalling pathways in MyD88-independent manner (Figs. 1, 2a).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Thus, viral infection or dsRNA stimulation via TLR3 as well as LPS stimulation via TLR4 induces phosphorylation and subsequent activation of IRF-3 and its translocation to the nucleus, thereby leading to the IFN-beta gene expression.
p56
p56
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c261 : 1
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
m108*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Thus, viral infection or dsRNA stimulation via TLR3 as well as LPS stimulation via TLR4 induces phosphorylation and subsequent activation of IRF-3 and its translocation to the nucleus, thereby leading to the IFN-beta gene expression. PMID: 16419614 Activated by TLR3 and TLR4, IRF-3 binds the interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE) in DNA and induces expression of the IFN-beta gene.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
m70*m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Activated by TLR3 and TLR4, IRF-3 binds the interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE) in DNA and induces expression of the IFN-beta gene.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
m69*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 11790540, 15800576 IRF-7 is also induced by viral infection and is critically involved in the system of IFN-alpha/beta gene induction (Taniguchi et al., 2002, Honda et al., 2005).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
m69*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 11790540, 15800576 IRF-7 is also induced by viral infection and is critically involved in the system of IFN-alpha/beta gene induction (Taniguchi et al., 2002, Honda et al., 2005).
p6
p6
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m6485*m3966*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 11489966 Accordingly, TLR5, the receptor for flagellin, is exclusively expressed on the basolateral, but not the apical surface of the intestinal epithelial cells (Gewirtz et al., 2001).
p60
p60
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
m47*m146*m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 In the TLR2-mediated signalling, stimulation of human monocytes by S. aureus induces a fast and transient activation of the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 followed by the recruitment of active Rac1 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) to the TLR2 cytosolic domain.
p61
p61
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
m78*m166*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 11101877 This in turn activates Akt kinase that induces activation and translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB into the cell nucleus in a process that is independent of IkappaB degradation.
p62
p62
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
m77*m75*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 11101877 This in turn activates Akt kinase that induces activation and translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB into the cell nucleus in a process that is independent of IkappaB degradation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
m76*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 11101877 This in turn activates Akt kinase that induces activation and translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB into the cell nucleus in a process that is independent of IkappaB degradation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
m19828*m80*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 NK cells also seem to be able to respond directly to other viral TLR stimuli, such as CpG DNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
m1572*m81*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 However, all these effects are MyD88-dependent.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Similar to the LPS response, TLR9 signalling can also induce expression of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and upregulation of CD40.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Similar to the LPS response, TLR9 signalling can also induce expression of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and upregulation of CD40.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Similar to the LPS response, TLR9 signalling can also induce expression of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and upregulation of CD40.
p69
p69
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
stoichiometry:c199 : 1
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
m85*m65*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 10626894 Not just a bacterial, but also a viral infection or dsRNA induce JNK kinase, leading to stimulation of AP-1 (Chu et al., 1999).
p7
p7
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
m230*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Renal inflammation evoked by ischaemia markedly enhanced synthesis of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA followed by significant elevation of protein expression in the distal tubular epithelium, the thin limb of Henle¡Çs loop and collecting ducts. This phenomenon was shown to be completely dependent on the action of IFN-gamma and TNF. PMID: 16419614 Preincubation with TNF or IFN-gamma significantly induces endothelial TLR2 expression.
p70
p70
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
stoichiometry:c200 : 1
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
m85*m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 1744583, 10318814 TLR4 ligand LPS and various TLR2 ligands rapidly activated JNK kinases, which was followed by activation of the AP-1 transcription factor (Mackman et al., 1991; Gupta et al., 1999).
p71
p71
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
m85*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 7622446 The activation of the AP-1 is induced through phosphorylation by the MAP kinases such as JNK and ERK, respectively, that are activated by means of TLR or IL-1R engagement (Karin, 1995).
p72
p72
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c201 : 1
stoichiometry:c203 : 1
stoichiometry:c202 : 1
m87*m86*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 7622446 The activation of the AP-1 is induced through phosphorylation by the MAP kinases such as JNK and ERK, respectively, that are activated by means of TLR or IL-1R engagement (Karin, 1995).
p73
p73
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
stoichiometry:c208 : 1
stoichiometry:c209 : 1
m26*m85*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 7622446 The activation of the AP-1 is induced through phosphorylation by the MAP kinases such as JNK and ERK, respectively, that are activated by means of TLR or IL-1R engagement (Karin, 1995).
p74
p74
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c206 : 1
stoichiometry:c207 : 1
m25*m85*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 7622446 The activation of the AP-1 is induced through phosphorylation by the MAP kinases such as JNK and ERK, respectively, that are activated by means of TLR or IL-1R engagement (Karin, 1995).
p75
p75
cso30:i:ME_UnknownProduction
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c205 : 1
stoichiometry:c211 : 1
m84*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12829592 The agonists of all TLRs expressed in neutrophils triggered cytokine release, superoxide generation, L-selectin shedding and increased phagocytosis of opsonised latex beads (Hayashi et al., 2003).
p76
p76
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c215 : 1
stoichiometry:c216 : 1
stoichiometry:c217 : 1
stoichiometry:c212 : 1
m92*m93*m94*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 15995707 Indeed, recently it was found that agonists of TLR3 and TLR4 had acted in synergy with agonists of TLR8 in inducing IL-12, IL-23 and Delta-4 in amounts that were 50- to 100-fold higher than those induced by optimal concentrations of single agonists leading to enhanced and sustained TH1- polarizing capacity (Napolitani et al., 2005).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c218 : 1
stoichiometry:c219 : 1
stoichiometry:c220 : 1
stoichiometry:c213 : 1
m92*m93*m94*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 15995707 Indeed, recently it was found that agonists of TLR3 and TLR4 had acted in synergy with agonists of TLR8 in inducing IL-12, IL-23 and Delta-4 in amounts that were 50- to 100-fold higher than those induced by optimal concentrations of single agonists leading to enhanced and sustained TH1- polarizing capacity (Napolitani et al., 2005).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c221 : 1
stoichiometry:c222 : 1
stoichiometry:c223 : 1
stoichiometry:c214 : 1
m92*m93*m94*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 15995707 Indeed, recently it was found that agonists of TLR3 and TLR4 had acted in synergy with agonists of TLR8 in inducing IL-12, IL-23 and Delta-4 in amounts that were 50- to 100-fold higher than those induced by optimal concentrations of single agonists leading to enhanced and sustained TH1- polarizing capacity (Napolitani et al., 2005).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c224 : 1
stoichiometry:c225 : 1
m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Initially, NF-kappaB (nuclear factorkappa B) was found to be essential for the transcription of immunoglobulin light chain genes in B cells.
p8
p8
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
m1639*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Renal inflammation evoked by ischaemia markedly enhanced synthesis of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA followed by significant elevation of protein expression in the distal tubular epithelium, the thin limb of Henle¡Çs loop and collecting ducts. This phenomenon was shown to be completely dependent on the action of IFN-gamma and TNF. PMID: 16419614 Preincubation with TNF or IFN-gamma significantly induces endothelial TLR2 expression.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c229 : 1
stoichiometry:c231 : 1
stoichiometry:c230 : 1
m96*m100*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 2112087 Interestingly, NF-IL6 was shown to bind to regulatory regions of various acute-phase protein and several other cytokine genes such as TNF, IL-8 and G-CSF, implying that NF-IL6 has a role in the regulation ot only of the IL-6 gene, but also of several other genes involved in acute-phase reaction, inflammation and haematopoiesis (Akira et al., 1990).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c226 : 1
stoichiometry:c227 : 1
stoichiometry:c228 : 1
m97*m96*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 NF-IL6 (nuclear factor-IL6) specifically binds to an IL-1-responsive element in the IL-6 gene.
p82
p82
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c233 : 1
stoichiometry:c236 : 1
m185*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 The NF-IL6 mRNA was induced by the stimulation with LPS, IL-1 or IL-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c237 : 1
m871*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 The NF-IL6 mRNA was induced by the stimulation with LPS, IL-1 or IL-6.
p84
p84
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c234 : 1
stoichiometry:c235 : 1
m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 The NF-IL6 mRNA was induced by the stimulation with LPS, IL-1 or IL-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c238 : 1
stoichiometry:c239 : 1
stoichiometry:c243 : 1
m102*m96*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 2112087 Interestingly, NF-IL6 was shown to bind to regulatory regions of various acute-phase protein and several other cytokine genes such as TNF, IL-8 and G-CSF, implying that NF-IL6 has a role in the regulation ot only of the IL-6 gene, but also of several other genes involved in acute-phase reaction, inflammation and haematopoiesis (Akira et al., 1990).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c240 : 1
stoichiometry:c241 : 1
stoichiometry:c242 : 1
m103*m96*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 2112087 Interestingly, NF-IL6 was shown to bind to regulatory regions of various acute-phase protein and several other cytokine genes such as TNF, IL-8 and G-CSF, implying that NF-IL6 has a role in the regulation ot only of the IL-6 gene, but also of several other genes involved in acute-phase reaction, inflammation and haematopoiesis (Akira et al., 1990).
p87
p87
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c244 : 1
stoichiometry:c245 : 1
stoichiometry:c246 : 1
m155666*m1812*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 8336793 LPS or inflammatory cytokine stimulation of macrophages and hepatocytes activated MAP kinases that in turn phosphorylated NF-IL6, enhancing its transcriptional efficacy (Trautwein et al., 1993).
p88
p88
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c247 : 1
stoichiometry:c249 : 1
stoichiometry:c248 : 1
m106*m273*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 8336793 LPS or inflammatory cytokine stimulation of macrophages and hepatocytes activated MAP kinases that in turn phosphorylated NF-IL6, enhancing its transcriptional efficacy (Trautwein et al., 1993).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c250 : 1
stoichiometry:c251 : 1
m105*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 7530603 The NF-IL6 deficient mice were highly susceptible to infection with Listeria monocytogenes; moreover NF-IL6 was essential for the induction of G-CSF in macrophages.
p9
p9
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m1639*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 Renal inflammation evoked by ischaemia markedly enhanced synthesis of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA followed by significant elevation of protein expression in the distal tubular epithelium, the thin limb of Henle¡Çs loop and collecting ducts. This phenomenon was shown to be completely dependent on the action of IFN-gamma and TNF.
p90
p90
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c252 : 1
stoichiometry:c256 : 1
stoichiometry:c254 : 1
m96*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12023384 NF-IL6-deficient murine macrophages in stimulation with LPS displayed impaired expression of membrane-bound glutathione-dependent PGE2 synthase or Cox-2.
p91
p91
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c253 : 1
stoichiometry:c257 : 1
stoichiometry:c255 : 1
m96*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12023384 NF-IL6-deficient murine macrophages in stimulation with LPS displayed impaired expression of membrane-bound glutathione-dependent PGE2 synthase or Cox-2.
p92
p92
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c258 : 1
stoichiometry:c260 : 1
stoichiometry:c259 : 1
m72*m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 14557267 The results therefore indicate that IRF-3-mediated activation of the ISRE by TLR4 requires the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB.
p93
p93
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c270 : 1
stoichiometry:c279 : 1
stoichiometry:c271 : 1
m1633*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 IL-1 and LPS stimulation induce activation of the STAT family of transcription factors, which consists of seven members.
p94
p94
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c232 : 1
stoichiometry:c263 : 1
stoichiometry:c277 : 1
stoichiometry:c262 : 1
m1357*m155666*m1636*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 9649436 Bacterial infection of macrophages or treatment with LPS resulted in rapid STAT1 serine phosphorylation, independent of concomitant tyrosine phosphorylation. PMID: 16419614, 9794412 Other studies proved that LPS stimulation of macrophages using the MyD88-independent pathway and IRF-3-induced expression of IFN-beta, which then induced expression of IFN-regulated genes through activation of STAT1.
p95
p95
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c265 : 1
stoichiometry:c266 : 1
m4238*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12356687 LPS-induced expression of IRF-1, iNOS and IFN-inducible genes such as IP-10 was severely impaired in STAT1-deficient murine macrophages, suggesting that STAT1 may play a role in the response to LPS.
p96
p96
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c264 : 1
stoichiometry:c267 : 1
m4238*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12356687 LPS-induced expression of IRF-1, iNOS and IFN-inducible genes such as IP-10 was severely impaired in STAT1-deficient murine macrophages, suggesting that STAT1 may play a role in the response to LPS.
p97
p97
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c269 : 1
stoichiometry:c268 : 1
m4238*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614, 12356687 LPS-induced expression of IRF-1, iNOS and IFN-inducible genes such as IP-10 was severely impaired in STAT1-deficient murine macrophages, suggesting that STAT1 may play a role in the response to LPS.
p98
p98
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c272 : 1
stoichiometry:c278 : 1
stoichiometry:c273 : 1
m1633*m185*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16419614 IL-1 and LPS stimulation induce activation of the STAT family of transcription factors, which consists of seven members.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c275 : 1
stoichiometry:c276 : 1
m93217*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
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