Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Complement-mediated phagocytosis--the role of Syk.
Affiliation
Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo, and Hyogo Prefectural Institute of PublicHealth and Environmental Sciences, Kobe, Japan. ytohyama@himeji-du.ac.jp
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a central event in the innate immune responses that aretriggered by the association between ligands on the surface of pathogens andreceptors on the membrane of phagocytes. Particularly, complement-mediatedphagocytosis is accomplished by specific recognition of bound complementcomponents by the corresponding complement receptors on the phagocytes. Theprotein-tyrosine kinase, Syk, plays a central role in Fcgamma receptor-mediatedphagocytosis in the adaptive immune system. From recent studies using amacrophage-like differentiated cell line and serum-treated zymosan, it was foundthat Syk also plays an essential role in complement-mediated phagocytosis ininnate immunity. Serum-treated zymosan particles promptly attached to the cellsand were subsequently engulfed via complement receptor3. During this process,Syk became tyrosine-phosphorylated and accumulated around the nascentphagosomes. The transfer of Syk-siRNA or dominant-negative Syk (DN-Syk) intomacrophages resulted in impaired engulfment of pathogen. Collectively, Syk isrequired for the engulfment of pathogen in complement-mediated phagocytosis.
PMID
16754322
|
Entity
complement C3
--
MO000003165
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m441
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR002890 |
TRANSPATH | MO000003165 |
--
Syk
--
MO000008301
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1066
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000008301 |
--
beta2-integrin
--
MO000017380
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2214
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR006209 |
TRANSPATH | MO000017380 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
Syk:alphaIIbbeta3
--
e10
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
C3bi
--
e11
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
CR1
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
CR1:C3bi
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
CR3
--
e14
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
CR3:C3bi
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
CR4:C3bi
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
CR4
--
e17
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
Zymosan
--
e18
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
C3 convertase
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
cofactor proteins
--
e20
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
C3bi:Zymosan
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
Syk{pY}
--
e22
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
complement C3{active}
--
e5
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR002890 |
TRANSPATH | MO000003165 |
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
C3b
--
e6
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
Syk:beta2-integrin
--
e8
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
alphaIIbbeta3
--
e9
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
m441*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 This pathway does not depend on a pathogen-binding protein for its initiation but is initiated through the spontaneous hydrolysis of C3, as shown in Fig. 1.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
m18*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 Zymosan particles were pretreated with the normal serum in order that C3bi in the serum bind to zymosan (C3bi-zymosan).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
m1066*m21*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 Next we analyzed the dynamics of endogenous Syk in the cells pretreated with C3bi-zymosan and found that Syk was tyrosine-phosphorylated and obviously accumulated in the region of forming phagosomes.
p12
p12
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
m1574*m1066*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 Treatment of the parental HL60 cells with C3bi-zymosan led to the prompt activation of RhoA, but DN-Syk/HL or SyksiRNA/ HL cells revealed suppressed RhoA activation.
p13
p13
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
m41*m1066*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 Next we examined the tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor of RhoA and found that Vav was tyrosine-phosphorylated prior to RhoA activation in the parental HL60 cells but the phosphorylation was reduced in DN-Syk/HL or Syk-siRNA/HL cells just like the pattern of RhoA activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 Cleavage of C3 to C3b and finally to C3bi is amplified, and zymosan is surrounded by C3bi and incorporated effectively by phagocytes which express CR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 Cleavage of C3 to C3b and finally to C3bi is amplified, and zymosan is surrounded by C3bi and incorporated effectively by phagocytes which express CR3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
m11*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 The final product C3bi binds to three other complement receptors CR1, CR3 (CD11b/CD18, integrin alphaMbeta2) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18, integrin alphaXbeta2).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
m11*m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 The final product C3bi binds to three other complement receptors CR1, CR3 (CD11b/CD18, integrin alphaMbeta2) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18, integrin alphaXbeta2).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
m11*m17*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 The final product C3bi binds to three other complement receptors CR1, CR3 (CD11b/CD18, integrin alphaMbeta2) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18, integrin alphaXbeta2).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
m6*m18*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 As previously described, C3b is spontaneously produced and destroyed, and when non-self microbes such as zymosan are exposed to the serum at 37 degreeC, C3b binds to zymosan covalently and becomes C3 convertase by the action of cofactor proteins.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
m2214*m1066*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 In addition to these roles in immunoreceptor signaling, Syk is also activated on ligation with cell surface integrins, such as integrin alphaIIbbeta3 in platelets and beta2 integrin in neutrophils or monocytes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
m9*m1066*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 16754322 In addition to these roles in immunoreceptor signaling, Syk is also activated on ligation with cell surface integrins, such as integrin alphaIIbbeta3 in platelets and beta2 integrin in neutrophils or monocytes.
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--