Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Therapeutic implications of the TLR and VDR partnership.
Affiliation
Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicineat University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Abstract
The innate immune system provides the host with an immediate and rapid defenseagainst invading microbes. Detection of foreign invaders is mediated by a classof receptors that are known as the pattern recognition receptors, such as thefamily of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In humans, ten functional TLRs have beenidentified and they respond to conserved pathogen-associated molecular patternsderived from bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and viruses. TLR activation leads todirect antimicrobial activity against both intracellular and extracellularbacteria, and induces an antiviral gene program. Recently, it was reported thatTLR2 activation leads to the use of vitamin D3 as a mechanism to combatMycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we focus on recent findings concerning theTLR-induced antimicrobial mechanisms in humans and the therapeutic implicationsof these findings. Owing to their capability to combat a wide array ofpathogens, TLRs are attractive therapeutic targets. However, additionalknowledge about their antimicrobial mechanisms is needed.
PMID
17276732
|
Entity
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
IRF-5
--
MO000007700
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m979
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007700 |
--
MyD88
--
MO000016573
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1572
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016573 |
--
IFN Type I
--
MO000016658
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1634
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016658 |
--
IFNbeta
--
MO000016660
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1636
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000471 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016660 |
--
triacylated lipoprotein
--
MO000017793
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2549
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000017793 |
--
cytokines
--
MO000019387
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3957
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019387 |
--
iNOS
--
MO000021201
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m5576
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000021201 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
MO000041446
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19314
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041446 |
--
pre-propeptide/hCAP-18
--
MO000079001
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m286360
10
infinite
0
Affymetrix | 210244_at |
Ensembl | ENSG00000164047 |
HGNC | CAMP |
OMIM | 600474 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/CAMP |
RefSeq | NM_004345 |
TRANSPATH | MO000079001 |
Unigene | Hs.112760 |
UniProt | P49913 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
--
e11
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4
--
e12
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
diacylated lipoprotein
--
e13
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000017793 |
--
TLR2: TLR1
--
e14
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2: TLR6
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
triacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR1
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
diacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR6
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin: TLR5
--
e18
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA
--
e19
cso30:c:Rna
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR8
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
protozoan profilin-like protein
--
e21
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
protozoan profilin-like protein: TLR11
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
triacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR1: MAL
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
diacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR6: MAL
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
imidazoquinolines
--
e26
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
imidazoquinolines: TLR7
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
triacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR1: MAL: MyD88
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
diacylated lipoprotein: TLR2: TLR6: MAL: MyD88
--
e29
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
imidazoquinolines: TLR7: MyD88
--
e30
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL: MyD88
--
e31
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
unmethylated DNA
--
e32
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
unmethylated DNA: TLR9
--
e33
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
unmethylated DNA: TLR9: MyD88
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
imidazoquinolines: TLR8
--
e35
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: TLR3: TRIF
--
e36
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL
--
e37
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL: TRIF
--
e38
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR8: MyD88
--
e39
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
imidazoquinolines: TLR8: MyD88
--
e40
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
IFNalpha
--
e41
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000471 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016659 |
--
IRF-5 {activated}
--
e43
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007700 |
--
IRF-7 {activated}
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000007702 |
--
NF-kappaB {nucleus}
--
e45
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
cytokines
--
e46
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3 {activated}
--
e47
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
IFN Type I
--
e48
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
--
e5
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
--
e6
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR
--
e63
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
DEFB4: TLR4
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
10
infinite
0
Affymetrix | 210244_at |
Ensembl | ENSG00000164047 |
HGNC | CAMP |
OMIM | 600474 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/CAMP |
RefSeq | NM_004345 |
TRANSFAC | G018988 |
Unigene | Hs.112760 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
10
infinite
0
Affymetrix | 210244_at |
Ensembl | ENSG00000164047 |
HGNC | CAMP |
OMIM | 600474 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/CAMP |
RefSeq | NM_004345 |
TRANSPATH | MO000079001 |
Unigene | Hs.112760 |
UniProt | P49913 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
L-NAME
--
e70
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
L-NIL
--
e71
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m74
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
0
infinite
0
--
TACO
--
e78
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
0
infinite
0
--
myxovirus resistance gene
--
e79
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
2', 5' oligoadenylate synthetase
--
e80
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m81
0
infinite
0
--
oxygen intermediates
--
e82
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m83
0
infinite
0
--
NADPH-dependent phagocytic oxidase
--
e83
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m84
0
infinite
0
--
isatoribine
--
e84
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m85
0
infinite
0
--
isatoribine: TLR7
--
e85
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m86
0
infinite
0
--
CpG oligonucleotides
--
e86
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m87
0
infinite
0
--
CpG oligonucleotides: TLR9
--
e87
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m88
0
infinite
0
--
TLR
--
e88
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m89
0
infinite
0
--
1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
--
e89
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m90
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
trans retinoic acid
--
e90
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m91
0
infinite
0
--
DBP: 25D3 {intracellular}
--
e91
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m92
0
infinite
0
--
DBP: 25D3
--
e92
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m93
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m119368*m3965*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
m43675*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506 MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m26*m19940*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 11812998 The imidazoquinolines, which currently include imiquimod and resisquimod, are routinely used to treat genital warts and genital herpes, which are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and HSV, respectively. Imiquimod stimulates cells via TLR7 and resisquimod via both TLR7 and TLR8.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
m27*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506 MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m24*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506 MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
m23*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506 MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m1572*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506 MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
m19828*m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m33*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506 MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
p18
p18
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m26*m19823*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 11812998 The imidazoquinolines, which currently include imiquimod and resisquimod, are routinely used to treat genital warts and genital herpes, which are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and HSV, respectively. Imiquimod stimulates cells via TLR7 and resisquimod via both TLR7 and TLR8.
p19
p19
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m19314*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16675322 Similar to MyD88?TIRAP complex, TRIF associates directly with TLR3 and indirectly with TLR4 through TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM).
p2
p2
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m155666*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m19005*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16675322 Similar to MyD88?TIRAP complex, TRIF associates directly with TLR3 and indirectly with TLR4 through TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m18998*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16675322 Similar to MyD88?TIRAP complex, TRIF associates directly with TLR3 and indirectly with TLR4 through TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
m1572*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m1572*m35*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
p24
p24
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
m93217*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
p25
p25
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
m93217*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
m39*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
m40*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
m34*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
m30*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Interestingly, activation of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 results in MyD88-dependent production of IFN-alpha, in contrast to the TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IFN-beta production, which is MyD88-independent.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m14*m2549*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
m979*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
p31
p31
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
m979*m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
p32
p32
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
m979*m40*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
p33
p33
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
m980*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
p34
p34
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
m980*m34*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Studies have shown that TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation results in the activation of IRF-7, whereas IRF-5 is activated by TLR7 and TLR8.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
m45*m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 The MyD88-dependent signaling pathway induces translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) into the nucleus, resulting in the transcription of immune genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
m46*m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 The outcomes of the NF-kappaB-mediated transcription include the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and the induction of direct antimicrobial mechanisms.
p37
p37
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
m977*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 By contrast, the TRIF-mediated pathway, which is commonly known as the MyD88-independent pathway, results in the activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), leading to the transcription of type 1 interferons (IFNs).
p38
p38
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
m977*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 By contrast, the TRIF-mediated pathway, which is commonly known as the MyD88-independent pathway, results in the activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), leading to the transcription of type 1 interferons (IFNs).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
m49*m48*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 By contrast, the TRIF-mediated pathway, which is commonly known as the MyD88-independent pathway, results in the activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), leading to the transcription of type 1 interferons (IFNs).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m15*m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Although it is clear that TLR activation results in the expression of antimicrobial peptides, especially human defensin beta4 (DEFB4), little is known about the TLR-induced direct antimicrobial functions in epithelial cells.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
m63*m3962*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Although it is clear that TLR activation results in the expression of antimicrobial peptides, especially human defensin beta4 (DEFB4), little is known about the TLR-induced direct antimicrobial functions in epithelial cells.
p42
p42
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
m38682*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 12411706 DEFB4 can also induce dendritic-cell activation and maturation in a TLR4-dependent manner.
PMID: 17276732, 12411706 DEFB4 can also induce dendritic-cell activation and maturation in a TLR4-dependent manner.
p44
p44
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
m93479*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 10426995 In 1999, it was demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by its ligand, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived 19-kDa lipoprotein, resulted in the activation of host-defense mechanisms from monocytes and macrophages, including the secretion of cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity. PMID: 17276732 This was shown by using iNOS inhibitors l-NIL and l-NAME, which could ablate the TLR2-mediated antimicrobial activity in murine cells, but had no effect on human cells.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
m47*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 10426995 In 1999, it was demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by its ligand, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived 19-kDa lipoprotein, resulted in the activation of host-defense mechanisms from monocytes and macrophages, including the secretion of cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity.
p46
p46
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
m29*m93479*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 10426995 In 1999, it was demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by its ligand, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived 19-kDa lipoprotein, resulted in the activation of host-defense mechanisms from monocytes and macrophages, including the secretion of cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity. PMID: 17276732 This was shown by using iNOS inhibitors l-NIL and l-NAME, which could ablate the TLR2-mediated antimicrobial activity in murine cells, but had no effect on human cells.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
m29*m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 10426995 In 1999, it was demonstrated that activation of TLR2 by its ligand, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived 19-kDa lipoprotein, resulted in the activation of host-defense mechanisms from monocytes and macrophages, including the secretion of cytokines and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter activity.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
m66*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 12960280 Although most mammals have multiple cathelicidin family members, humans have only one type of cathelicidin, which is encoded by the hCAP18 gene.
p49
p49
cso30:i:ME_ProteinCleavage
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m286360*m68*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID; 17276732, 11389039 Human cathelicidin is stored as a 17-kDa pre-propeptide or cationic antimicrobial peptide (hCAP-18) in secretory granules, and is then processed into a mature 5-kDa form (LL-37) by protease-3 during or after secretion.
p5
p5
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m3966*m6485*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
m4487*m69*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16083775 In addition, some of the DEFB members function as chemoattractants for neutrophils, immature dendritic cells and memory T cells through interaction with chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6 (CCR-6).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16497887 However, it was recently demonstrated that TLR activation in human monocytes results in the expression of the vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and the 1alpha-vitamin D hydroxylase (Cyp27B1).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16497887 However, it was recently demonstrated that TLR activation in human monocytes results in the expression of the vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and the 1alpha-vitamin D hydroxylase (Cyp27B1).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
m74*m75*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 The gene product of Cyp27B1 converts inactive vitamin D3 prohormone (25D3) into its active form (1,25D3), which can then bind to and activate the VDR.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
m76*m73*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 The gene product of Cyp27B1 converts inactive vitamin D3 prohormone (25D3) into its active form (1,25D3), which can then bind to and activate the VDR.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
m78*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Activation of the VDR in monocytes results in the expression of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in its active LL-37 form.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
m77*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 The gene product of Cyp27B1 converts inactive vitamin D3 prohormone (25D3) into its active form (1,25D3), which can then bind to and activate the VDR.
p57
p57
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
m28*m75*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 Interestingly, the ability of TLR2?TLR1 activation to induce cathelicidin mRNA expression depends on adequate 25D3 concentrations in the serum that is used to culture the cells.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16040207, 14550285 Furthermore, VDR activation was demonstrated to downregulate transcription of Trp?Asp-containing coat protein (TACO) [45], which has a role in M. tuberculosis entry and survival in human macrophages.
p59
p59
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
m93479*m73*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 9632843, 14749681 There is evidence that iNOS gene expression is regulated by the VDR in both species.
p6
p6
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m19*m19823*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 TLRs recognize various conserved pathogen-associated molecules, including triacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR1), diacylated lipoproteins (TLR2?TLR6), double-stranded (ds)RNA (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4), flagellin (TLR5), single-stranded (ss)RNA (TLR8) and unmethylated DNA (TLR9).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506, 15634923 Stimulation of UECs with dsRNA upregulates mRNA expression of antiviral genes IFN-beta, myxovirus resistance gene [1] and 2¡ì,5¡ì olioadenylate.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506, 15634923 Stimulation of UECs with dsRNA upregulates mRNA expression of antiviral genes IFN-beta, myxovirus resistance gene [1] and 2¡ì,5¡ì olioadenylate.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
m100859*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16982913 Also in 2006, it was demonstrated that TLR3 activation on human fetal astrocytes results in an antiviral state that arises from the TLR3-dependent induction of viperin (also known as cig5) against a pseudotyped HIV particle.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
m76*m84*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 In 2001, the 1,25D3-induced antimicrobial activity was reported to be regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and mediated by the generation of oxygen intermediates via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent phagocyte oxidase.
p64
p64
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
m85*m19940*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16116638 Another TLR7 agonist, isatoribine, is effective against hepatitis C.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
m19828*m87*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16763660 However, a class of TLR9-stimulating CpG oligonucleotides is currently undergoing human clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis B [54] and, if successful, it can yield a new class of antiviral therapeutic compounds.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 16497887, 16402404 Both vitamin D3 and vitamin A derivatives, such as 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and all-trans retinoic acid, decrease cell surface expression of TLRs and dampen their function.
p67
p67
cso30:i:ME_Translocation
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
m92*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 The intracellular pool of 25D3 is shuttled into the cell via the vitamin D binding protein (DBP).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
m93*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732 The intracellular pool of 25D3 is shuttled into the cell via the vitamin D binding protein (DBP).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m21*m19944*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15001781, 15860593 Murine TLR11 recognizes a protozoan profilin-like protein and uropathogenic bacteria.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m16*m43675*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506 MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m17*m43675*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17276732, 15728506 MyD88 directly associates with TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9 and indirectly with TLR2 and TLR4 through another adaptor called MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) [also known as TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP)].
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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1,
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
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--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
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--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--