Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Role of Nods in bacterial infection.
Affiliation
Innate Immunity and Signalisation, Institut Pasteur, 28, Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724Paris Cedex 15, France.
Abstract
Research into intracellular sensing of microbial products is an up and comingfield in innate immunity. Nod1 and Nod2 are members of the rapidly expandingfamily of NACHT domain-containing proteins involved in intracellular recognitionof bacterial products. Nods proteins are involved in the cytosolic detection ofpeptidoglycan motifs of bacteria, recognized through the LRR domain. The role ofthe NACHT-LRR system of detection in innate immune responses is highlighted atthe mucosal barrier, where most of the membranous Toll like receptors (TLRs) arenot expressed, or with pathogens that have devised ways to escape TLR sensing.For a given pathogen, the sum of the pathways induced by the recognition of thedifferent "pathogen associated molecular patterns" (PAMPs) by the differentpattern recognition receptors (PRRs) trigger and shape the subsequent innate andadaptive immune responses. Knowledge gathered during the last decade on PRR andtheir agonists, and recent studies on bacterial infections provide new insightsinto the immune response and the pathogenesis of human infectious diseases.
PMID
17379560
|
Entity
proCaspase-9
--
MO000017811
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2563
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001309 |
TRANSPATH | MO000017811 |
--
RIP2
--
MO000017949
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m2684
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000017949 |
--
proCaspase-1
--
MO000018229
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2906
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001309 |
TRANSPATH | MO000018229 |
--
proIL-1beta
--
MO000019449
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4012
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003297 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019449 |
--
Nod2
--
MO000020461
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m4947
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000020461 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
muramyl dipeptide:Nod2
--
e11
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
diaminopimelic acid
--
e12
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
diaminopimelic acid:Nod1
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
Mda5
--
e14
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:Mda5
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
(diaminopimelic acid:Nod1)2
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
(diaminopimelic acid:Nod1)2 :RIP2
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
(muramyl dipeptide:Nod2)2
--
e18
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
(muramyl dipeptide:Nod2)2: RIP2
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
(diaminopimelic acid:Nod1)2 :RIP2:IKK
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-gamma{ub}
--
e21
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
procaspase-9:Nod1
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
inflammosome
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
NALP
--
e24
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
DPA:Nod1:RIP2:procaspase-1
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
Nalp3
--
e26
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
MDP:Nalp3
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
inflammosome{active}
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
Rip2:TRIP6
--
e29
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
TAK1:Nod2
--
e30
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
Nod2:Erbin
--
e32
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:DDX58
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
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infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
muramyl dipeptide
--
e6
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m6*m4947*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 12527755, 12514169 Nod2 senses both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria since it recognizes MDP.
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_Ubiquitination
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m1593*m19*m2684*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 15620648 Activation of Nod2 has been shown to induce a RIP2-dependent ubiquitinylation of NEMO (IKK¦Ã), at a novel site, resulting in enhanced NF-¦ÊB signaling
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
m4923*m2563*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 10329646 Nod1 has been shown to bind to pro-caspase 9, through homophilic CARD-CARD interactions and up-regulate caspase-9 induced apoptosis.
p12
p12
cso30:i:ME_Cleavage
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
m4012*m25*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560 pro-IL-1? processing and IL-1? secretion relies on cleavage of pro-IL-1? by caspase-1. This process takes place in a protein complex recently described as the ¡Èinflammasome¡É.
p13
p13
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
m1765*m2380*m21736*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 12191486 The ¡Èinflammasome¡É comprises of caspase-1 and -5, the adaptor protein ASC, which bears a CARD and a PYRIN domain, and several members from the Nalp family, which are NACHT proteins bearing both a PYRIN and a LRR domain.
p14
p14
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m2684*m2906*m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 12459189 Nod1 enhances pro-interleukin-1? processing through heterophilic CARD-CARD interactions between Nod1, RIP2 and pro-caspase-1.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
m26*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 15530394 It has also been published that MDP can activate the inflammasome through binding to Nalp3 (cryopyrin).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
m23*m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 15530394 It has also been published that MDP can activate the inflammasome through binding to Nalp3 (cryopyrin).
p17
p17
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m36881*m2684*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 15657077 TRIP-6, a LIM-domain containing protein, can potentiate Nod1 activation, most likely through its interaction with RIP2.
p18
p18
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m4947*m1573*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 15075345 TAK1 and Nod2 have been shown to interact through the LRR domain of Nod2 and to reciprocally negatively regulate NF-¦ÊB activation.
p19
p19
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
m31*m21*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 15075345 TAK1 and Nod2 have been shown to interact through the LRR domain of Nod2 and to reciprocally negatively regulate NF-¦ÊB activation. PMID: 17379560, 16714539, 16203728 ERBIN appears to be a negative regulator of Nod2 dependent NF-¦ÊB and MAP kinases signaling PMID: 17379560, 15620648 More recently, activation of Nod2 has been shown to induce a RIP2-dependent ubiquitinylation of NEMO (IKKg), at a novel site, resulting in enhanced NFkB signaling
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m4923*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 12791997 Nod1, in contrast, has a narrow specificity and recognizes only diaminopimelic acid (DAP) type PG.
p20
p20
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m4947*m12851*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560 ERBIN, a member of the LAP (LRR and PDZ domain) protein family involved in cell polarity, as a new binding partner of Nod2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m41844*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560 Very recently RIG-I and MDA-5 helicases have been shown to be intracellular sensors of viral double strand RNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m119368*m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560 Very recently RIG-I and MDA-5 helicases have been shown to be intracellular sensors of viral double strand RNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 10880512 Ligand recognition by the LRR domain of Nod1 or Nod2 is thought to induce a conformational change, allowing for the oligomerization of the molecule via the NACHT domain, and subsequent recruitment of the CARD domain adaptor RIP2 (RICK).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
m2684*m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 10880512 Ligand recognition by the LRR domain of Nod1 or Nod2 is thought to induce a conformational change, allowing for the oligomerization of the molecule via the NACHT domain, and subsequent recruitment of the CARD domain adaptor RIP2 (RICK).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 10880512 Ligand recognition by the LRR domain of Nod1 or Nod2 is thought to induce a conformational change, allowing for the oligomerization of the molecule via the NACHT domain, and subsequent recruitment of the CARD domain adaptor RIP2 (RICK).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
m18*m2684*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 10880512 Ligand recognition by the LRR domain of Nod1 or Nod2 is thought to induce a conformational change, allowing for the oligomerization of the molecule via the NACHT domain, and subsequent recruitment of the CARD domain adaptor RIP2 (RICK).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
m17*m207*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17379560, 11463746 Upon Nod1 activation, a transient interaction between Nod1, RIP2 and IKKs occurs, which is suggestive of a mechanism of down-regulation.
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--