Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.
Affiliation
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, OsakaUniversity and ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 3-1 Yamada-oka,Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key molecules of the innate immune systems, whichdetect conserved structures found in a broad range of pathogens and triggerinnate immune responses. A subset of TLRs recognizes viral components andinduces antiviral responses. Whereas TLR4 recognizes viral components at thecell surface, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 recognize viral nucleic acids onendosomal membrane. After ligand recognition, these members activate theirintrinsic signaling pathways and induce type I interferon. In this review, wediscuss the recent findings of the viral recognition by TLRs and their signalingpathways.
PMID
17395581
|
Entity
NF-kappaB{active}
--
MO000000058
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TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
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IKK-alpha
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MO000000210
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TRANSPATH | MO000000210 |
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TRANSPATH | MO000000212 |
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MyD88
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TRANSPATH | MO000039077 |
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IRF-3{p}
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TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
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TLR4:MD2
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e2
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--
csml-variable:Double
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LPS:TLR4:MD2:TIRAP
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e22
cso30:c:Complex
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e23
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LPS:TLR4:MD2:TIRAP:MYD88:IRAK4
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e26
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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LPS:TLR4:MD2:MyD88:IRAK4:IRAK1:TRAF6
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IRAK1:TRAF6{ub}:TAK1:TAB1:TAB2
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IRAK1:TRAF6{ub}:TAK1{active}:TAB1:TAB2
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NF-kappaB:IkappaB-alpha
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NF-kappaB:IkappaB-alpha{p}
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TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
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IkappaB-alpha{p}
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cytokines
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csml-variable:Double
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LPS:TLR4:MD2:TRAM{p}:TRIF:TRAF6
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e49
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IFNAR1:IFNAR2
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--
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csml-variable:Double
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csml-variable:Double
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IFN
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--
csml-variable:Double
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--
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--
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csml-variable:Double
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--
e61
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csml-variable:Double
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e62
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--
csml-variable:Double
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csml-variable:Double
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csml-variable:Double
m67
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--
e66
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
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0
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--
e67
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
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0
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--
e68
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
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TLR3:CD14:c-Src
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e69
cso30:c:Complex
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m71
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e7
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
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0
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TLR3:CD14:c-Src:dsRNA:TRIF
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e70
cso30:c:Complex
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csml-variable:Double
m72
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TLR3:CD14:c-Src:dsRNA:TRIF:RIP1
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e71
cso30:c:Complex
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csml-variable:Double
m73
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--
TBK1:IKK-i:NAP1:TRAF3:TLR3:CD14:c-Src:dsRNA:TRIF
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e72
cso30:c:Complex
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csml-variable:Double
m74
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0
--
IFN-beta
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e73
cso30:c:mRNA
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csml-variable:Double
m75
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TLR3:CD14:c-Src:dsRNA:TRIF:TRAF1:TRAF6
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e74
cso30:c:Complex
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--
csml-variable:Double
m76
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TLR3:CD14:c-Src:dsRNA:TRIF:RIP1:TRAF6
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e75
cso30:c:Complex
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csml-variable:Double
m78
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--
CpG DNA:TLR9
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e76
cso30:c:Complex
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csml-variable:Double
m79
0
infinite
0
--
IFN-alpha
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e77
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
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csml-variable:Double
m80
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0
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IFN-alpha
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e78
cso30:c:Protein
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--
csml-variable:Double
m81
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--
ssRNA
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e79
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--
e8
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csml-variable:Double
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ssRNA:TLR7
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e80
cso30:c:Complex
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csml-variable:Double
m83
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ssRNA:TLR8
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e81
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m84
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0
--
CpG DNA:TLR9:MYD88
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e82
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csml-variable:Double
m85
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ssRNA:TLR7:MYD88
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e83
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csml-variable:Double
m86
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0
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csml-variable:Double
m87
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0
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CPG DNA:TLR9:MYD88:IRAK1:IRAK4:TRAF6:IRF7
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e85
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m88
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0
--
CPG DNA:TLR9:MYD88:IRAK1:IRAK4:TRAF6:IRF7{p}
--
e86
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m89
0
infinite
0
--
CPG DNA:TLR9:MYD88:IRAK1:IRAK4:TRAF6
--
e87
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m90
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA:TLR9:MYD88:IRF1
--
e88
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m91
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
IL-12 p35
--
e90
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m93
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m6*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 Type I IFNs are the key cytokines that mediate antiviral responses. Secreted IFNs bind and activate the type I IFN receptor (a heterodimer of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) in an autocrine and paracrine manner.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
m22*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 A TIR domain-containing adapter, MyD88, associates with the cytoplasmic TIR domain of TLRs and recruits IRAKs to the receptor upon ligand binding.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
m17258*m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 The association of TLRs with MyD88, which is utilized by all TLRs except TLR3, recruits IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-1 and IRAK-4 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
m24*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 The association of TLRs with MyD88, which is utilized by all TLRs except TLR3, recruits IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-1 and IRAK-4 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
m26*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 The association of TLRs with MyD88, which is utilized by all TLRs except TLR3, recruits IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-1 and IRAK-4 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 IRAKs then activate TRAF6, leading to the activation of TAK1.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 IRAK-1 and TRAF6 then dissociate from this receptor complex and associate with another complex composed of transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase (TAK1) and TAK1-binding proteins 1 (Tab1) and 2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
m29*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 IRAK-1 and TRAF6 then dissociate from this receptor complex and associate with another complex composed of transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase (TAK1) and TAK1-binding proteins 1 (Tab1) and 2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 This complex formation leads to the activation of TAK1.
p18
p18
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
m207*m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 TAK1 activates the IKK complex consisting of IKK{alpha}, IKKbeta, and NEMO/IKK{gamma}.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
m34*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 The IKK complex phosphorylates I{kappa}B, resulting in nuclear translocation of NF-{kappa}B, which induces expression of inflammatory cytokines.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
m12*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16497588 This binding leads to the activation of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3; a heterotrimer of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT2, and IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF9)), which translocates to the nucleus and induces the transcription of hundreds of effector molecules, called IFN-inducible genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 The IKK complex phosphorylates I{kappa}B, resulting in nuclear translocation of NF-{kappa}B, which induces expression of inflammatory cytokines.
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
m48*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 The IKK complex phosphorylates I{kappa}B, resulting in nuclear translocation of NF-{kappa}B, which induces expression of inflammatory cytokines.
p22
p22
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
m219*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 This complex formation leads to the activation of TAK1, which in turn activates the transcription factors nuclear factor-{kappa}B (NF-{kappa}B) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) through the canonical I{kappa}B kinase (IKK) complex and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, respectively.
p23
p23
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
m32*m1812*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 This complex formation leads to the activation of TAK1, which in turn activates the transcription factors nuclear factor-{kappa}B (NF-{kappa}B) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) through the canonical I{kappa}B kinase (IKK) complex and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
m19005*m17*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 TLR4 also requires another adapter, TRAM, for IRF3 activation. PMID: 17395581 The N terminus of TRAM has a myristoylation site, mutation of which alters its normal membrane localization and abolishes TLR4 signaling, suggesting that TRAM acts as a bridging adapter between TLR4 and TRIF
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
m18998*m44*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 TLR4 also requires another adapter, TRAM, for IRF3 activation.A TIR domain-containing adapter, TRIF, is responsible for TLR3- and TLR4-mediated IRF3 activation
p26
p26
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m41*m1629*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16757566 It has also been reported that phosphorylation of TRAM by PKC{epsilon} is crucial for the activation of IRF3 and the induction of IFN-inducible genes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
m42*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 15064760 Receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1) binds the C terminus of TRIF via a Rip homotypic interaction motif and mediates the TLR3-mediated NF-{kappa}B but not IRF3 activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
m183*m46*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 TRAF6 binds the N terminus of TRIF and cooperatively activates NF-kappaB.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
m63*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 TRIF interacts with TBK1, IKK{iota}, RIP1, and TRAF6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16497588 This binding leads to the activation of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3; a heterotrimer of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT2, and IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF9)), which translocates to the nucleus and induces the transcription of hundreds of effector molecules, called IFN-inducible genes.
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
m977*m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 IRF3 is activated by TBK1 and IKK{iota}, which catalyze IRF3 phosphorylation and stimulate its nuclear translocation and DNA binding.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 IRF3 is activated by TBK1 and IKK{iota}, which catalyze IRF3 phosphorylation and stimulate its nuclear translocation and DNA binding.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
m65*m66*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 IRF3 is activated by TBK1 and IKK{iota}, which catalyze IRF3 phosphorylation and stimulate its nuclear translocation and DNA binding.
p33
p33
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
m3965*m77*m2828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16473828, 16858407 TLR3 interacts with CD14 and c-Src for ligand uptake and signal transduction.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
m119368*m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16497588 TLR3 recognizes a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA, polyinosinic acid-cytidylic acid (poly(I?C)), and viral dsRNAs derived from dsRNA viruses such as reovirus or ssRNA viruses such as West Nile virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
m43*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 12872135, 12855817 TLR3 signaling activates the transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-{kappa}B via the adapter molecule TRIF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
m72*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 15064760 Receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1) binds the C terminus of TRIF via a Rip homotypic interaction motif and mediates the TLR3-mediated NF-{kappa}B but not IRF3 activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
m63*m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16306936, 16306937, 15611223, 12702806 TRIF interacts with noncanonical IKKs TBK1 (also called NAK or T2K) and IKK{iota} (also called IKK{epsilon}) through TRAF3 and NAK-associated protein 1 (NAP1), which mediate phosphorylation of IRF3.
p38
p38
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
m977*m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16306936, 16306937, 15611223, 12702806 TRIF interacts with noncanonical IKKs TBK1 (also called NAK or T2K) and IKK{iota} (also called IKK{epsilon}) through TRAF3 and NAK-associated protein 1 (NAP1), which mediate phosphorylation of IRF3. PMID: 17395581, 16699525 IRF3 activation is negatively regulated by the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
m67*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 Activated IRF3 translocates into the nucleus and induces expression of IFN-beta.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16497588 This binding leads to the activation of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3; a heterotrimer of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT2, and IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF9)), which translocates to the nucleus and induces the transcription of hundreds of effector molecules, called IFN-inducible genes.
p40
p40
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
m1871*m1873*m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16323247, 16052631 TRAF1 and TRAF4 interact with TRIF and negatively regulate TRIF-mediated signaling pathways.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
m73*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 14530355 TRAF6 binds the N terminus of TRIF and cooperatively activates NF-{kappa}B.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
m35*m78*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 14530355 TRAF6 binds the N terminus of TRIF and cooperatively activates NF-{kappa}B.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
m19828*m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 11130078 TLR9 mediates the recognition of CpG DNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 12900525 Mouse pDCs produce IFN-{alpha} by recognizing the CpG-containing DNA of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) via TLR9.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
m80*m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
m19940*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 14976261, 14976262 TLR7 and human TLR8 have been shown to recognize guanosine- or uridine-rich ssRNA from viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and influenza virus
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
m19823*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 14976261, 14976262 TLR7 and human TLR8 have been shown to recognize guanosine- or uridine-rich ssRNA from viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and influenza virus.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
m1572*m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 12626561 The induction of type I IFNs by TLR7 and TLR9 depends entirely on MyD88 in pDCs.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
m83*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 12626561 The induction of type I IFNs by TLR7 and TLR9 depends entirely on MyD88 in pDCs.
PMID: 17395581 These effector molecules directly influence protein synthesis, cell growth, and survival, in the process of establishing an antiviral state.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m86*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 12626561 The induction of type I IFNs by TLR7 and TLR9 depends entirely on MyD88 in pDCs.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
m85*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 12626561 The induction of type I IFNs by TLR7 and TLR9 depends entirely on MyD88 in pDCs.
p52
p52
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
m85*m183*m25*m17258*m980*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581 IRF7 is activated through forming a signaling complex with MyD88, IRAKs, and TRAF6 in the cytoplasm. PMID: 17395581, 15361868, 15492225 IRF7 forms a signaling complex with MyD88 and TRAF6 in the cytoplasm.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
m88*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 15361868, 15492225, 17056502 After ligand stimulation, IRF7 is activated by its phosphorylation in TBK1/IKK{iota}-independent manner and translocates into the nucleus to induce the expression of type I IFNs. PMID: 17395581, 15767370 IRAK-1, but not IRAK-4, can directly bind and phosphorylate IRF7; thus, IRAK-1 specifically mediates IFN-{alpha} induction downstream of MyD88 and IRAK-4
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
m89*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 15361868, 15492225, 17056502 After ligand stimulation, IRF7 is activated by its phosphorylation in TBK1/IKK{iota}-independent manner and translocates into the nucleus to induce the expression of type I IFNs.
p55
p55
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
m88*m181*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16612387 In addition to IRAKs, IKK{alpha} has been shown to be essential for the phosphorylation of IRF7, suggesting that the IRAK-4/IRAK-1/IKK{alpha} kinase cascade might lead to the full activation of IRF7.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
m85*m970*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 17018642 After ligand stimulation, IRF1 interacts with MyD88, is activated by an unknown mechanism, and translocates into the nucleus to induce the expression of IFN-beta, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and IL-12 p35.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
m91*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 17018642 After ligand stimulation, IRF1 interacts with MyD88, is activated by an unknown mechanism, and translocates into the nucleus to induce the expression of IFN-beta, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and IL-12 p35.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
m92*0.1
nodelay
--
0
MID: 17395581, 17018642 After ligand stimulation, IRF1 interacts with MyD88, is activated by an unknown mechanism, and translocates into the nucleus to induce the expression of IFN-beta, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and IL-12 p35.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
m92*0.1
nodelay
--
0
MID: 17395581, 17018642 After ligand stimulation, IRF1 interacts with MyD88, is activated by an unknown mechanism, and translocates into the nucleus to induce the expression of IFN-beta, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and IL-12 p35.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
m16*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 9851930, 10201887 TLR4, the first mammalian homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
m92*0.1
nodelay
--
0
MID: 17395581, 17018642 After ligand stimulation, IRF1 interacts with MyD88, is activated by an unknown mechanism, and translocates into the nucleus to induce the expression of IFN-beta, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and IL-12 p35.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m18*m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 11062499, 11854525 TLR4 recognizes not only bacterial components but also viral proteins, such as the fusion (F) protein from respiratory syncytial virus and the envelope protein of mouse mammary tumor virus.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
m16*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 11062499, 11854525 TLR4 recognizes not only bacterial components but also viral proteins, such as the fusion (F) protein from respiratory syncytial virus and the envelope protein of mouse mammary tumor virus.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
m17*m6810*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17395581, 16497588 Each TLR mediates distinctive responses in association with a different combination of four TIR domain-containing adapters (MyD88, TIRAP/MAL, TRIF, and TRAM) through the homophilic interaction of TIR domains.
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--