Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like RNA helicases and the antiviral innate immuneresponse.
Affiliation
Department of Molecular Research and Development, Victorian Infectious DiseasesReference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.alexander.thompson@svhm.org.au
Abstract
The antiviral innate immune response follows the detection of viral componentsby host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Two families of PRRs have emergedas key sensors of viral infection: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acidinducible gene-I like RNA helicases (RLHs). TLRs patrol the extracellular andendosomal compartments; signalling results in a type-1 interferon responseand/or the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, RLHs surveythe cytoplasm for the presence of viral double-stranded RNA. In the face of suchhost defence, viruses have developed strategies to evade TLR/RLH signalling.Such host-virus interactions provide the opportunity for manipulation of PRRsignalling as a novel therapeutic approach.
PMID
17667934
|
Entity
Process
IRF-3
--
MO000007694
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m977
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
MO000041446
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19314
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041446 |
--
IRF-3{p}
--
MO000041456
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19324
10
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0
TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
--
TLR8
--
MO000042007
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
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csml-variable:Double
m19823
10
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0
TRANSPATH | MO000042007 |
--
TLR7
--
MO000042126
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19940
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000042126 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
RIG-I:dsRNA:RIG-I
--
e10
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
MDA5:dsRNA:IPS:TRAF3:FADD:caspase-8:caspase-10
--
e100
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m101
0
infinite
0
--
RIG-I:dsRNA:RIG-I:TRAF3:FADD:caspase-8:caspase-10
--
e101
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m102
0
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0
--
Poly I:C
--
e102
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m103
0
infinite
0
--
TLR3:Poly I:C
--
e103
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m104
0
infinite
0
--
Imiquimod
--
e104
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
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--
csml-variable:Double
m105
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7:Imiquimod
--
e105
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
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--
csml-variable:Double
m106
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8:Imiquimod
--
e106
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
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--
csml-variable:Double
m107
0
infinite
0
--
R848
--
e107
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m108
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7:R848
--
e108
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m109
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8:R848
--
e109
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m110
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR1:Triacyl Lipopeptides
--
e11
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
Loxoribine
--
e110
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m111
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8:Loxoribine
--
e111
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m112
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7:Loxoribine
--
e112
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m113
0
infinite
0
--
F protein
--
e113
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m114
0
infinite
0
--
F protein:TLR4
--
e114
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m115
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2
--
e115
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m116
0
infinite
0
--
HA
--
e116
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m117
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:HA
--
e117
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m118
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m119
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:HSV1
--
e119
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m120
0
infinite
0
--
diacyl lipopeptides
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
core
--
e120
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m121
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:core
--
e121
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m122
0
infinite
0
--
NS3
--
e122
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m123
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:NS3
--
e123
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m124
0
infinite
0
--
glycoprotein B
--
e124
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m125
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:glycoprotein B
--
e125
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m126
0
infinite
0
--
glycoprotein H
--
e126
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m127
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:glycoprotein H
--
e127
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m128
0
infinite
0
--
NS3/4a
--
e128
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m129
0
infinite
0
--
Pam-3-Cys
--
e129
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m130
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR6
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:Pam-3-Cys
--
e130
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m131
0
infinite
0
--
TNF-alpha
--
e131
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m132
0
infinite
0
--
Proinflammtory cytokine
--
e132
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m133
0
infinite
0
--
Proinflammtory cytokine
--
e133
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m134
0
infinite
0
--
CD150
--
e134
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m135
0
infinite
0
--
IRAk2
--
e135
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m136
0
infinite
0
--
A52R
--
e136
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m137
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK2:A52R:TRAF6
--
e137
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m138
0
infinite
0
--
A52R:TRAF6
--
e138
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m139
0
infinite
0
--
p38{active}
--
e139
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m140
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR6:diacyl lipopeptides
--
e14
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
IL-10
--
e140
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m141
0
infinite
0
--
IL-10
--
e141
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m142
0
infinite
0
--
protein remnants
--
e142
cso30:c:EntityBiological
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m143
0
infinite
0
--
NS3/4a inhibitor
--
e143
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m144
0
infinite
0
--
NS3
--
e144
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m145
0
infinite
0
--
TBK1
--
e145
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m146
0
infinite
0
--
NS3:TBK1
--
e146
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m147
0
infinite
0
--
GBV-B encoded protease
--
e147
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m148
0
infinite
0
--
--
e148
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m149
0
infinite
0
--
--
e149
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialEnvelope
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m150
0
infinite
0
--
--
e15
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
--
e150
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m151
0
infinite
0
--
--
e151
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialLumen
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m152
0
infinite
0
--
--
e152
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Mitochondria
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m153
0
infinite
0
--
--
e153
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialMatrix
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m154
0
infinite
0
--
--
e154
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialIntermembraneSpace
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m155
0
infinite
0
--
--
e155
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m156
0
infinite
0
--
--
e156
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m157
0
infinite
0
--
3 ABC precursor
--
e157
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m158
0
infinite
0
--
3 ABC precursor
--
e158
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m159
0
infinite
0
--
protein remnants
--
e159
cso30:c:EntityBiological
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m160
0
infinite
0
--
--
e16
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
V proteins
--
e160
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m161
0
infinite
0
--
V proteins:MDA5:dsRNA
--
e161
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m162
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3{active}
--
e162
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m163
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
NS1
--
e163
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m164
0
infinite
0
--
RIG-I:dsRNA:NS1
--
e164
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m165
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF:RIP1
--
e165
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m166
0
infinite
0
--
MyD88
--
e166
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m167
0
infinite
0
--
--
e17
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
TLR5:flagellin
--
e18
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA
--
e19
cso30:c:Rna
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7:ssRNA
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8:ssRNA
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
TLR9:CpG DNA
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF:TRAF3
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
TBK-1:Ikk-i
--
e26
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
TBK-1:Ikk-i{active}
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3{p}:IRF-3{p}
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3{p}:IRF-3{p}
--
e29
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF:RIP1
--
e30
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
TRAF6
--
e31
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF:TRAF6
--
e32
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
LPS
--
e33
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4
--
e34
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4
--
e35
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:TRAM
--
e37
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:TRAM:TRIF
--
e38
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
Mal
--
e39
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:Mal
--
e40
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
MyD88
--
e41
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK4{active}
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK1{active}
--
e46
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
TRAF6{active}
--
e47
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
TAK1:TAB1:TAB2
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
TAK1{active}:TAB1:TAB2
--
e49
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:TLR1
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
Triacyl lipopeptides
--
e6
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
IKK complex
--
e63
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
IKK complex{p}
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
JNK
--
e65
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
JNK{p}
--
e66
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
ERK
--
e67
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
ERK{p}
--
e68
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
0
infinite
0
--
p38
--
e69
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
p38{p}
--
e70
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB
--
e71
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB{active}
--
e72
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
AP-1
--
e73
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m74
0
infinite
0
--
AP-1{active}
--
e74
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7:ssRNA:MyD88
--
e75
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK-1:IRAK-4:TRAF6:TRAF3:IKK-alpha:OPN
--
e76
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7:ssRNA:MyD88:IRAK-1:IRAK-4:TRAF6:TRAF3:IKK-alpha:OPN
--
e77
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
IFN-alpha
--
e81
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m82
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m84
0
infinite
0
--
RIG-I:dsRNA
--
e84
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m85
0
infinite
0
--
MDA5
--
e85
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m86
0
infinite
0
--
MDA5:dsRNA
--
e86
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m87
0
infinite
0
--
IPS
--
e87
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m88
0
infinite
0
--
RIG-I:dsRNA:RIG-I:IPS
--
e88
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m89
0
infinite
0
--
MDA5:dsRNA:IPS
--
e89
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m90
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
TRAF3
--
e90
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m91
0
infinite
0
--
RIG-I:dsRNA:RIG-I:IPS:TRAF3
--
e91
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m92
0
infinite
0
--
MDA5:dsRNA:IPS:TRAF3
--
e92
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m93
0
infinite
0
--
Type I IFN
--
e94
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m95
0
infinite
0
--
FADD
--
e95
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m96
0
infinite
0
--
RIG-I:dsRNA:RIG-I:TRAF3:FADD
--
e96
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m97
0
infinite
0
--
MDA5:dsRNA:IPS:TRAF3:FADD
--
e97
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m98
0
infinite
0
--
caspase-8
--
e98
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m99
0
infinite
0
--
Caspase-10
--
e99
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m100
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m5*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,12697090 Following the discovery of TLR4, TLR2 was found to be the receptor for components of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall, recognizing triacyl lipopeptides in combination with TLR1, and diacyl lipopeptides in combination with TLR6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
m25*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16497588 TRIF interacts with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) 3 to activate TRAF-family-member-associated NFkB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and the non-canonical inhibitor of NFkB (IkB) kinase , IKKi
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c251 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m27*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 These kinases directly phosphorylate interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3). PMID: 17667934,17190786 TBK1/IKKi phosphorylate IRF-3 and IRF-7, inducing a type-1 IFN response. PMID: 17667934,15841462 Otsuka et al showed that NS3 binds TBK1 to act as a competitive inhibitor of the TBK1-IRF-3 interaction, to reduce IRF-3 activation and therefore downstream IFNb induction
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 Phosphorylated IRF-3 forms a dimer before translocating to the nucleus, where it induces expression of IFNb.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c276 : 1
m24*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15665823 TRIF is also able to interact with receptor-interacting protein 1 and TRAF6 to induce a late phase proinflammatory cytokine response
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m32*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15665823 TRIF is also able to interact with receptor-interacting protein 1 and TRAF6 to induce a late phase proinflammatory cytokine response
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
m34*m35*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m36*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16497588 TLR4 uses the adaptor TRAM to recruit TRIF and induce a type-1 IFN response via the MyD88-independent pathway described above PMID: 17667934 Figure2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m38*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16497588 TLR4 uses the adaptor TRAM to recruit TRIF and induce a type-1 IFN response via the MyD88-independent pathway described above PMID: 17667934 Figure2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m12*m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,12697090 Following the discovery of TLR4, TLR2 was found to be the receptor for components of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall, recognizing triacyl lipopeptides in combination with TLR1, and diacyl lipopeptides in combination with TLR6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m36*m40*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,12447441 In contrast, TLR4 uses the coadaptor Mal to recruit MyD88 to its TIR domain
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m41*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,12447441 In contrast, TLR4 uses the coadaptor Mal to recruit MyD88 to its TIR domain
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m43*m44*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17457343,15928677 Stimulation of the MyD88-dependent pathway initiates a downstream signalling cascade involving sequential activation of primary and secondary kinases including the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) associated kinases -4 and -1 (IRAK-4, and -1), TRAF6 and TGF-b-activated kinase (TAK1). PMID: 17667934 Figure2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
m45*m46*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17457343,15928677 Stimulation of the MyD88-dependent pathway initiates a downstream signalling cascade involving sequential activation of primary and secondary kinases including the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) associated kinases -4 and -1 (IRAK-4, and -1), TRAF6 and TGF-b-activated kinase (TAK1). PMID: 17667934 Figure2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m47*m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17457343,15928677 Stimulation of the MyD88-dependent pathway initiates a downstream signalling cascade involving sequential activation of primary and secondary kinases including the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) associated kinases -4 and -1 (IRAK-4, and -1), TRAF6 and TGF-b-activated kinase (TAK1). PMID: 17667934 Figure2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
m48*m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17457343,15928677 Stimulation of the MyD88-dependent pathway initiates a downstream signalling cascade involving sequential activation of primary and secondary kinases including the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) associated kinases -4 and -1 (IRAK-4, and -1), TRAF6 and TGF-b-activated kinase (TAK1). PMID: 17667934 Figure2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
m63*m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15208624 Activated TAK1, in a complex with the TAK-1 binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2, phosphorylates the IKK complex and the MAP kinases (JNK, ERK and p38), leading to activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KappaB), and/or activating protein-1 (AP-1), respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
m63*m66*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15208624 Activated TAK1, in a complex with the TAK-1 binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2, phosphorylates the IKK complex and the MAP kinases (JNK, ERK and p38), leading to activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KappaB), and/or activating protein-1 (AP-1), respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
m63*m68*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15208624 Activated TAK1, in a complex with the TAK-1 binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2, phosphorylates the IKK complex and the MAP kinases (JNK, ERK and p38), leading to activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KappaB), and/or activating protein-1 (AP-1), respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
m70*m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15208624 Activated TAK1, in a complex with the TAK-1 binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2, phosphorylates the IKK complex and the MAP kinases (JNK, ERK and p38), leading to activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KappaB), and/or activating protein-1 (AP-1), respectively.
p3
p3
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
m3965*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,11607032 TLR3 recognises doublestranded RNA
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c227 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
m72*m65*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15208624 Activated TAK1, in a complex with the TAK-1 binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2, phosphorylates the IKK complex and the MAP kinases (JNK, ERK and p38), leading to activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KappaB), and/or activating protein-1 (AP-1), respectively. PMID: 17667934,12566418 A52R inhibits NF-kB induction by multiple TLRs via interaction with IRAK2 and TRAF6
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
m67*m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15208624 Activated TAK1, in a complex with the TAK-1 binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2, phosphorylates the IKK complex and the MAP kinases (JNK, ERK and p38), leading to activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KappaB), and/or activating protein-1 (AP-1), respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
m69*m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15208624 Activated TAK1, in a complex with the TAK-1 binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2, phosphorylates the IKK complex and the MAP kinases (JNK, ERK and p38), leading to activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KappaB), and/or activating protein-1 (AP-1), respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
m71*m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15208624 Activated TAK1, in a complex with the TAK-1 binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2, phosphorylates the IKK complex and the MAP kinases (JNK, ERK and p38), leading to activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KappaB), and/or activating protein-1 (AP-1), respectively.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
m42*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16497588 In contrast, TLR7/8 and TLR9 are able to use MyD88 to induce expression of both proinflammatory cytokines and type-1 IFN
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
m77*m76*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16306936,16306937,16604075,15800576,15361868,16612387,16125763 Following nucleic acid recognition,MyD88 forms a signalling complex with IRAK-1, IRAK-4, TRAF6, TRAF3, IKKa and a precursor of osteopontin (OPN)
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
m78*m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 The MyD88- IRAK-4- TRAF6 complex activates NF-KappaB and AP-1 as described above.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
m78*m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 The MyD88- IRAK-4- TRAF6 complex activates NF-KappaB and AP-1 as described above.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
m78*m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 In addition, the recruitment of IRAK-1, TRAF-3, IKKa and OPN allows TLR7/8 and TLR9 to activate IRF-7, which translocates to the nucleus to regulate the expression of type-1 IFN genes, especially IFNa
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
m80*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 In addition, the recruitment of IRAK-1, TRAF-3, IKKa and OPN allows TLR7/8 and TLR9 to activate IRF-7, which translocates to the nucleus to regulate the expression of type-1 IFN genes, especially IFNa
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m3966*m6485*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17283206,11323673,11489966 TLR5 recognises bacterial flagellin
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
m81*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 In addition, the recruitment of IRAK-1, TRAF-3, IKKa and OPN allows TLR7/8 and TLR9 to activate IRF-7, which translocates to the nucleus to regulate the expression of type-1 IFN genes, especially IFNa
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
m84*m83*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15208624 It was recognized that TLR-independent mechanisms existed to detect intracellular viral infection, and in 2004 Yoneyama and colleagues identified RIG-I as a cytosolic sensor of dsRNA produced during viral replication, triggering a type-1 interferon and proinflammatory cytokine response
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
stoichiometry:c226 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
m83*m86*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 MDA-5 was identified soon after as a second CARD-containing helicase PMID: 17667934 Figure 2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
m85*m84*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 Following dsRNA binding, RIG-I undergoes a conformational shift allowing self-association and CARD interaction with a downstream adaptor protein, IFN-b promoter stimulator (IPS-1).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
m88*m10*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 Following dsRNA binding, RIG-I undergoes a conformational shift allowing self-association and CARD interaction with a downstream adaptor protein, IFN-b promoter stimulator (IPS-1).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
m87*m88*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16127453 Like RIG-I, MDA5 associates with IPS-1 via a CARD?CARD interaction following dsRNA binding
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
m89*m91*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16858409 IPS-1 interacts with TRAF3 via its non-CARD region to activate TBK-1 and IKKi
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
m90*m91*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16858409 IPS-1 interacts with TRAF3 via its non-CARD region to activate TBK-1 and IKKi
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
m26*m92*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16858409 IPS-1 interacts with TRAF3 via its non-CARD region to activate TBK-1 and IKKi
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
m93*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16858409 IPS-1 interacts with TRAF3 via its non-CARD region to activate TBK-1 and IKKi
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m19940*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,14976262,11812998,11130078 TLR7/8 recognise single-stranded viral RNA, and TLR-9 recognises unmethylated CpG DNA motifs present in both viruses and bacteria
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
m27*m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17190786 TBK1/IKKi phosphorylate IRF-3 and IRF-7, inducing a type-1 IFN response.
p51
p51
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17190786 TBK1/IKKi phosphorylate IRF-3 and IRF-7, inducing a type-1 IFN response.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
m94*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17190786 TBK1/IKKi phosphorylate IRF-3 and IRF-7, inducing a type-1 IFN response.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
m92*m96*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16127453 IPS-1 interacts with FADD, an adaptor involved in death receptor signalling via its death domain
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
m93*m96*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16127453 IPS-1 interacts with FADD, an adaptor involved in death receptor signalling via its death domain
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
m98*m99*m100*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17190786 FADD forms a complex with caspase-10, and caspase-8; the caspase cleavage products produced are specifically involved in downstream NF-kB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
m97*m99*m100*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17190786 FADD forms a complex with caspase-10, and caspase-8; the caspase cleavage products produced are specifically involved in downstream NF-kB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
m3965*m103*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,11607032 Poly(I:C), a synthetic dsRNA analogue, was first demonstrated to be a ligand for TLR3 by Alexopoulou and colleagues in 2001, inducing type-1 interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in a MyD88-independent manner
p58
p58
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
m19940*m105*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,11812998,12032557 TLR7 and 8 also recognize synthetic antiviral compounds, including imidazoquinolines (imiquimod and R848) and certain guanine nucleotide analogues (loxoribine).
p58
p59
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
m105*m19823*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,11812998,12032557 TLR7 and 8 also recognize synthetic antiviral compounds, including imidazoquinolines (imiquimod and R848) and certain guanine nucleotide analogues (loxoribine).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m19823*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,14976262,11812998,11130078 TLR7/8 recognise single-stranded viral RNA, and TLR-9 recognises unmethylated CpG DNA motifs present in both viruses and bacteria
p58
p60
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
m108*m19940*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,11812998,12032557 TLR7 and 8 also recognize synthetic antiviral compounds, including imidazoquinolines (imiquimod and R848) and certain guanine nucleotide analogues (loxoribine).
p58
p61
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
m108*m19823*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,11812998,12032557 TLR7 and 8 also recognize synthetic antiviral compounds, including imidazoquinolines (imiquimod and R848) and certain guanine nucleotide analogues (loxoribine).
p58
p62
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
m111*m19823*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,11812998,12032557 TLR7 and 8 also recognize synthetic antiviral compounds, including imidazoquinolines (imiquimod and R848) and certain guanine nucleotide analogues (loxoribine).
p58
p63
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
m19940*m111*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,11812998,12032557 TLR7 and 8 also recognize synthetic antiviral compounds, including imidazoquinolines (imiquimod and R848) and certain guanine nucleotide analogues (loxoribine).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
m114*m35*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 The F protein of RSV activates TLR4
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
m116*m117*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17082626,14739339,12163593,15521019,12663765,16973959,17082589 TLR2 has been shown to be activated by a number of viruses or viral proteins, including the haemaglutinin protein (HA) of measles virus (MV), HSV-1, the core and NS3 proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the envelope glycoproteins B and H of human CMV and vaccinia virus (VV).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
m116*m119*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17082626,14739339,12163593,15521019,12663765,16973959,17082589 TLR2 has been shown to be activated by a number of viruses or viral proteins, including the haemaglutinin protein (HA) of measles virus (MV), HSV-1, the core and NS3 proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the envelope glycoproteins B and H of human CMV and vaccinia virus (VV).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
m116*m121*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17082626,14739339,12163593,15521019,12663765,16973959,17082589 TLR2 has been shown to be activated by a number of viruses or viral proteins, including the haemaglutinin protein (HA) of measles virus (MV), HSV-1, the core and NS3 proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the envelope glycoproteins B and H of human CMV and vaccinia virus (VV).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
stoichiometry:c199 : 1
m123*m116*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17082626,14739339,12163593,15521019,12663765,16973959,17082589 TLR2 has been shown to be activated by a number of viruses or viral proteins, including the haemaglutinin protein (HA) of measles virus (MV), HSV-1, the core and NS3 proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the envelope glycoproteins B and H of human CMV and vaccinia virus (VV).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c200 : 1
stoichiometry:c201 : 1
stoichiometry:c202 : 1
m116*m125*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17082626,14739339,12163593,15521019,12663765,16973959,17082589 TLR2 has been shown to be activated by a number of viruses or viral proteins, including the haemaglutinin protein (HA) of measles virus (MV), HSV-1, the core and NS3 proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the envelope glycoproteins B and H of human CMV and vaccinia virus (VV).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m22*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,14976262,11812998,11130078 TLR7/8 recognise single-stranded viral RNA, and TLR-9 recognises unmethylated CpG DNA motifs present in both viruses and bacteria
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c203 : 1
stoichiometry:c204 : 1
stoichiometry:c205 : 1
m116*m127*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17082626,14739339,12163593,15521019,12663765,16973959,17082589 TLR2 has been shown to be activated by a number of viruses or viral proteins, including the haemaglutinin protein (HA) of measles virus (MV), HSV-1, the core and NS3 proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the envelope glycoproteins B and H of human CMV and vaccinia virus (VV).
p71
p71
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c206 : 1
stoichiometry:c212 : 1
stoichiometry:c264 : 1
stoichiometry:c213 : 1
m101*m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17190786 FADD forms a complex with caspase-10, and caspase-8; the caspase cleavage products produced are specifically involved in downstream NF-kB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production PMID: 17667934,17049367,15563593 The V proteins of paramyxoviruses have been shown to interact with MDA5, but not RIG-I, to inhibit dsRNA-induced activation of IRF3 and NF-kB
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c207 : 1
stoichiometry:c208 : 1
stoichiometry:c209 : 1
m130*m116*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 When patient PBMCs were stimulated with the specific TLR2 ligand Pam-3-Cys, relative suppression of TNFa induction was noted in the HBeAg-positive group, confirming functional significance.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c211 : 1
stoichiometry:c210 : 1
1.0*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 When patient PBMCs were stimulated with the specific TLR2 ligand Pam-3-Cys, relative suppression of TNFa induction was noted in the HBeAg-positive group, confirming functional significance.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c214 : 1
stoichiometry:c215 : 1
stoichiometry:c216 : 1
m73*m133*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17190786 FADD forms a complex with caspase-10, and caspase-8; the caspase cleavage products produced are specifically involved in downstream NF-kB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c217 : 1
stoichiometry:c218 : 1
stoichiometry:c219 : 1
m102*m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17190786 FADD forms a complex with caspase-10, and caspase-8; the caspase cleavage products produced are specifically involved in downstream NF-kB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c221 : 1
stoichiometry:c220 : 1
m117*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,12163593 The proinflammatory response to the HA protein of measles leads to the upregulation of CD150, an entry receptor for MV, and therefore the HA-TLR2 interaction may contribute to MV spread and pathogenesis
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c222 : 1
stoichiometry:c223 : 1
stoichiometry:c224 : 1
stoichiometry:c225 : 1
m136*m137*m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,12566418 A52R inhibits NF-kB induction by multiple TLRs via interaction with IRAK2 and TRAF6
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c228 : 1
stoichiometry:c229 : 1
stoichiometry:c230 : 1
m137*m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15998638 Interestingly, the A52R-TRAF6 interaction has been shown to simultaneously activate the MAP kinase p38 to enhance TLR-induced IL-10 induction the immunoregulatory role of IL-10 supports that this may be another virulence mechanism.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c231 : 1
stoichiometry:c232 : 1
stoichiometry:c233 : 1
m139*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
p8
p8
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m19314*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,11057907 TLR3 signals via the MyD88-independent pathway using the alternate adaptor protein TRIF
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c234 : 1
stoichiometry:c236 : 1
stoichiometry:c237 : 1
stoichiometry:c235 : 1
m141*m140*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15998638 Interestingly, the A52R-TRAF6 interaction has been shown to simultaneously activate the MAP kinase p38 to enhance TLR-induced IL-10 induction the immunoregulatory role of IL-10 supports that this may be another virulence mechanism.
p81
p81
cso30:i:ME_Cleavage
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c238 : 1
stoichiometry:c239 : 1
stoichiometry:c247 : 1
stoichiometry:c240 : 1
stoichiometry:c241 : 1
m129*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15710891 NS3/4a was found to inhibit the dsRNA-TLR3 response by cleaving the adaptor TRIF between amino acids (aa) 372 and 373.
p82
p82
cso30:i:ME_Cleavage
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c242 : 1
stoichiometry:c243 : 1
stoichiometry:c246 : 1
stoichiometry:c244 : 1
stoichiometry:c245 : 1
m129*m89*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16177806,15710891,15710892 NS3/4a also interfered with the cytoplasmic response to dsRNA, by cleaving IPS-1 at aa Cys- 508, the downstream adaptor of RIG-I. PMID: 17667934,16585524 The effect was able to be blocked using a specific pharmacological inhibitor of the NS3/4a protease
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c248 : 1
stoichiometry:c249 : 1
stoichiometry:c250 : 1
m145*m146*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,15841462 Otsuka et al showed that NS3 binds TBK1 to act as a competitive inhibitor of the TBK1-IRF-3 interaction, to reduce IRF-3 activation and therefore downstream IFNb induction
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c252 : 1
stoichiometry:c253 : 1
stoichiometry:c254 : 1
stoichiometry:c255 : 1
m148*m89*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 GBV-B encodes a similar NS3/4a protease, which has also been shown to disrupt RIG-I signalling by targeting IPS-1 for cleavage
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c256 : 1
stoichiometry:c257 : 1
m158*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17438296 Yang et al found that the 3ABC precursor of the 3C(pro) cysteine protease of HAV was targeted to the mitochondrial membrane where it cleaved IPS-1, disrupting signalling activity
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c259 : 1
stoichiometry:c258 : 1
stoichiometry:c260 : 1
m88*m159*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17438296 Yang et al found that the 3ABC precursor of the 3C(pro) cysteine protease of HAV was targeted to the mitochondrial membrane where it cleaved IPS-1, disrupting signalling activity
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c261 : 1
stoichiometry:c262 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c263 : 1
m161*m86*m87*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17049367,15563593 The V proteins of paramyxoviruses have been shown to interact with MDA5, but not RIG-I, to inhibit dsRNA-induced activation of IRF3 and NF-kB
p88
p88
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c265 : 1
stoichiometry:c266 : 1
stoichiometry:c268 : 1
stoichiometry:c267 : 1
m87*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17049367,15563593 The V proteins of paramyxoviruses have been shown to interact with MDA5, but not RIG-I, to inhibit dsRNA-induced activation of IRF3 and NF-kB
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c269 : 1
stoichiometry:c270 : 1
stoichiometry:c271 : 1
m164*m85*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17079289 More recently it has been shown that NS1 also directly interacts with RIG-I to inhibit downstream activation of IRF-3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
m24*m1872*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,16497588 TRIF interacts with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) 3 to activate TRAF-family-member-associated NFkB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and the non-canonical inhibitor of NFkB (IkappaB) kinase , IKKi
p90
p90
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c274 : 1
stoichiometry:c272 : 1
stoichiometry:c275 : 1
stoichiometry:c273 : 1
m977*m85*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934,17079289 More recently it has been shown that NS1 also directly interacts with RIG-I to inhibit downstream activation of IRF-3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c277 : 1
stoichiometry:c278 : 1
stoichiometry:c279 : 1
m166*m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 Figure2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c280 : 1
stoichiometry:c281 : 1
stoichiometry:c282 : 1
m33*m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 Figure2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c283 : 1
stoichiometry:c284 : 1
stoichiometry:c285 : 1
m167*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 17667934 Figure2
cso30:c:InputProcess
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threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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0
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--
cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
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--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--