_enti_e7
_enti_e8
_enti_e1
_enti_e9
_enti_e10
_enti_e3
_enti_e4
_enti_e2
_enti_e55
_enti_e6
_enti_e174
_enti_e59
_enti_e53
_enti_e5
_enti_e11
_enti_e177
_enti_e176
_enti_e54
_enti_e52
_enti_e51
_enti_e56
_enti_e50
_enti_e179
_enti_e178
_enti_e175
_enti_e173
_enti_e57
_enti_e61
_enti_e58
_enti_e130
_enti_e60
_enti_e62
_enti_e131
g2_fact_g2
g1_fact_g1
g1_fact_g14
g2_fact_g12
g2_fact_g13
g1_fact_g3
g3_fact_g5
g1_fact_g7
g2_fact_g6
p1_propro_p1
PMID: 18049472
It was also shown that microbial nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides or proteins trigger induction of IFNs through activation of TLRs.
c1 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c6 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c2 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p2_propro_p2
PMID: 18049472
It was also shown that microbial nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides or proteins trigger induction of IFNs through activation of TLRs.
c3 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c4 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c5 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p3_propro_p3
PMID: 18049472
It was also shown that microbial nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides or proteins trigger induction of IFNs through activation of TLRs.
c10 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c11 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c12 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p4_propro_p4
PMID: 18049472
It was also shown that microbial nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides or proteins trigger induction of IFNs through activation of TLRs.
c7 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c8 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c9 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p5_propro_p5
PMID: 18049472, 15208624
dsRNA is recognized by TLR3, which is present mostly in endosomal membranes4, and also by two cytoplasmic RNA helicases, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 (MDA5).
c13 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c14 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c15 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p6_propro_p6
PMID: 18049472, 15208624
dsRNA is recognized by TLR3, which is present mostly in endosomal membranes4, and also by two cytoplasmic RNA helicases, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 (MDA5).
c16 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c17 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c20 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p7_propro_p7
PMID: 18049472, 15208624
dsRNA is recognized by TLR3, which is present mostly in endosomal membranes4, and also by two cytoplasmic RNA helicases, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 (MDA5).
c18 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c19 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c21 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p8_propro_p8
PMID: 18049472
It was also shown that microbial nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides or proteins trigger induction of IFNs through activation of TLRs.
c22 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c23 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c24 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p9_propro_p9
PMID: 18049472
It was also shown that microbial nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides or proteins trigger induction of IFNs through activation of TLRs.
c26 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c25 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p10_propro_p10
PMID: 18049472
TLR3 dimerizes, binds to CD14 and activates the signalling complex assembled by TLR adaptor molecule 1 (TRIF).
c27 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c53 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c29 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p11_propro_p11
PMID: 18049472
The cytoplasmic RNA helicases RIG-I and MDA5 recognize dsRNA or 5' triphosphorylated single-stranded (ss) RNA and use the mitochondrial membrane-bound protein IFN-beta-promoter stimulator 1 (IPS1; also known as VISA) as the specific adaptor.
PMID: 18049472, 15710892
For example, a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-encoded protease can cleave IPS1 off the mitochondrial membrane and block RIG-I/MDA5-mediated signalling.
c33 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c34 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c179 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c35 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p12_propro_p12
PMID: 18049472
The cytoplasmic RNA helicases RIG-I and MDA5 recognize dsRNA or 5' triphosphorylated single-stranded (ss) RNA and use the mitochondrial membrane-bound protein IFN-beta-promoter stimulator 1 (IPS1; also known as VISA) as the specific adaptor.
PMID: 18049472, 15710892
For example, a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-encoded protease can cleave IPS1 off the mitochondrial membrane and block RIG-I/MDA5-mediated signalling.
PMID: 18049472, 17038589
NS1 protein of influenza viruses prevents establishment of an antiviral state through the interaction with RIG-I.
c30 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c31 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c178 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c183 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c32 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p13_propro_p13
PMID; 18049472, 17190786
Other nucleic acids such as ssRNA, acting through TLR7 and TLR8, and bacterial oligodeoxyribonucleotides, acting through TLR9, are also potent inducers.
PMID: 18049472
They also function as dimers and recognize double-stranded (ds) RNA, single-stranded (ss) RNA or dsDNA containing CpG sequences. GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinisotol; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.
c36 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c38 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c39 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p14_propro_p14
PMID; 18049472, 17190786
Other nucleic acids such as ssRNA, acting through TLR7 and TLR8, and bacterial oligodeoxyribonucleotides, acting through TLR9, are also potent inducers.
PMID: 18049472
They also function as dimers and recognize double-stranded (ds) RNA, single-stranded (ss) RNA or dsDNA containing CpG sequences. GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinisotol; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.
c37 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c40 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c41 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p15_propro_p15
PMID; 18049472, 17190786
Other nucleic acids such as ssRNA, acting through TLR7 and TLR8, and bacterial oligodeoxyribonucleotides, acting through TLR9, are also potent inducers.
PMID: 18049472
They also function as dimers and recognize double-stranded (ds) RNA, single-stranded (ss) RNA or dsDNA containing CpG sequences. GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinisotol; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.
c42 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c43 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c44 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p16_propro_p16
PMID: 18049472
TLR3 recognizes dsRNA in the lumen of the endosome, which causes phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in TLR3 by an unidentified protein tyrosine kinase (PTK).
c45 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c47 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c46 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p17_propro_p17
PMID: 18049472
TLR3 dimerizes, binds to CD14 and activates the signalling complex assembled by TLR adaptor molecule 1 (TRIF).
c28 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c48 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p18_propro_p18
PMID: 18049472
TLR3 dimerizes, binds to CD14 and activates the signalling complex assembled by TLR adaptor molecule 1 (TRIF).
c49 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c50 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c51 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p19_propro_p19
PMID: 18049472
Two major pathways bifurcate from TRIF. One, composed of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TANK-binding kinase (TBK1/IKKE), leads to phosphorylation of the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).
c52 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c54 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c56 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c57 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c55 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p20_propro_p20
PMID: 18049472
Two major pathways bifurcate from TRIF. One, composed of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TANK-binding kinase (TBK1/IKKE), leads to phosphorylation of the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).
PMID: 18049472, 16979567
IRFs are activated by the kinases TBK1 or IKK-epsilon activated IRFs then dimerize and translocate to the nucleus.
c58 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c59 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p21_propro_p21
PMID: 18049472
Two major pathways bifurcate from TRIF. One, composed of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TANK-binding kinase (TBK1/IKKE), leads to phosphorylation of the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).
c60 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c61 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c62 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p22_propro_p22
PMID: 18049472
IRF3 requires further phosphorylation by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K)/AKT pathway for its full activation, which is initiated by binding PI3K to phosphorylated TLR3.
c64 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c265 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c65 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p23_propro_p23
PMID: 18049472
IRF3 requires further phosphorylation by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K)/AKT pathway for its full activation, which is initiated by binding PI3K to phosphorylated TLR3.
c267 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c428 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c427 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p24_propro_p24
PMID: 18049472
The other branch acts through TRAF6 and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1; also known as MAP3K7) leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), JUN and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) transcription factors.
c68 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c69 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c70 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c71 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p25_propro_p25
PMID: 18049472
The other branch acts through TRAF6 and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1; also known as MAP3K7) leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), JUN and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) transcription factors.
c72 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c74 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c73 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p26_propro_p26
PMID: 18049472
The other branch acts through TRAF6 and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1; also known as MAP3K7) leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), JUN and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) transcription factors.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
PMID: 18049472
The IKK protein kinase complex phosphorylates IkappaB and releases it from NFkappaB.
c75 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c77 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c76 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p27_propro_p27
PMID: 18049472
The other branch acts through TRAF6 and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1; also known as MAP3K7) leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), JUN and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) transcription factors.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
PMID: 18049472
The IKK protein kinase complex phosphorylates IkappaB and releases it from NFkappaB.
c79 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c78 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
c80 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p28_propro_p28
PMID: 18049472
The other branch acts through TRAF6 and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1; also known as MAP3K7) leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), JUN and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) transcription factors.
c81 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c83 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c84 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p29_propro_p29
PMID: 18049472
The other branch acts through TRAF6 and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1; also known as MAP3K7) leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), JUN and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) transcription factors.
c82 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c85 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c86 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p30_propro_p30
PMID: 18049472
The other branch acts through TRAF6 and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1; also known as MAP3K7) leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), JUN and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) transcription factors.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c87 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c89 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c88 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p31_propro_p31
PMID: 18049472
The other branch acts through TRAF6 and transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1; also known as MAP3K7) leading to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), JUN and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) transcription factors.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c90 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c91 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c92 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p32_propro_p32
PMID: 18049472
The activated transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, bind to the cognate sites in the promoters of the target genes and singly or in combinations induce their transcription.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c93 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c94 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p33_propro_p33
PMID: 18049472
The activated transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, bind to the cognate sites in the promoters of the target genes and singly or in combinations induce their transcription.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c95 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c96 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p34_propro_p34
PMID: 18049472
The activated transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, bind to the cognate sites in the promoters of the target genes and singly or in combinations induce their transcription.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c97 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c98 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p35_propro_p35
PMID: 18049472
The activated transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, bind to the cognate sites in the promoters of the target genes and singly or in combinations induce their transcription.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c101 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c104 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p36_propro_p36
PMID: 18049472
The activated transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, bind to the cognate sites in the promoters of the target genes and singly or in combinations induce their transcription.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c100 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c103 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p37_propro_p37
PMID: 18049472
The activated transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, bind to the cognate sites in the promoters of the target genes and singly or in combinations induce their transcription.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c99 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c102 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p38_propro_p38
PMID: 18049472
The activated transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, bind to the cognate sites in the promoters of the target genes and singly or in combinations induce their transcription.
c105 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c107 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
c106 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p39_propro_p39
PMID: 18049472
The activated transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, bind to the cognate sites in the promoters of the target genes and singly or in combinations induce their transcription.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c174 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c109 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p40_propro_p40
PMID: 18049472
The activated transcription factors translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, bind to the cognate sites in the promoters of the target genes and singly or in combinations induce their transcription.
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c110 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c111 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p41_propro_p41
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c112 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c114 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c116 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p42_propro_p42
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c113 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c115 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c117 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p43_propro_p43
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
PMID: 18049472, 16762830
Both TRIF and IPS1 recruit inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) kinase (IKK) and TANK-binding kinase (TBK1), the common activator kinases.
PMID: 18049472, 16979567
IRFs are activated by the kinases TBK1 or IKK-epsilon activated IRFs then dimerize and translocate to the nucleus.
c118 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c120 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c165 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c119 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p44_propro_p44
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
PMID: 18049472, 16979567
IRFs are activated by the kinases TBK1 or IKK-epsilon activated IRFs then dimerize and translocate to the nucleus.
c121 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c122 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c123 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p45_propro_p45
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c124 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c128 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c129 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p46_propro_p46
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c125 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c126 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c127 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p47_propro_p47
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c133 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c135 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c134 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p48_propro_p48
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c130 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c132 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c131 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p49_propro_p49
PMID: 18049472
IPS1 functions like TRIF and activates the same transcription factors leading to the induction of similar genes.
c136 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c138 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c137 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p50_propro_p50
PMID: 18049472
In addition, they cause apoptosis by activating caspases 8 and 10 through the interaction of FADD with IPS1.
c139 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c141 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c143 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p51_propro_p51
PMID: 18049472
In addition, they cause apoptosis by activating caspases 8 and 10 through the interaction of FADD with IPS1.
c140 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c142 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c144 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p53_propro_p53
PMID: 18049472
In addition, they cause apoptosis by activating caspases 8 and 10 through the interaction of FADD with IPS1.
c147 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c155 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c148 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p54_propro_p54
PMID: 18049472
In addition, they cause apoptosis by activating caspases 8 and 10 through the interaction of FADD with IPS1.
c149 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c154 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c150 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p55_propro_p55
PMID: 18049472
In addition, they cause apoptosis by activating caspases 8 and 10 through the interaction of FADD with IPS1.
c151 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c156 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c152 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p56_propro_p56
PMID: 18049472
In addition, they cause apoptosis by activating caspases 8 and 10 through the interaction of FADD with IPS1.
c157 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c159 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c158 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p57_propro_p57
PMID: 18049472, 16762830
Both TRIF and IPS1 recruit inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) kinase (IKK) and TANK-binding kinase (TBK1), the common activator kinases.
c161 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c166 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c162 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p58_propro_p58
PMID: 18049472, 16762830
Both TRIF and IPS1 recruit inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) kinase (IKK) and TANK-binding kinase (TBK1), the common activator kinases.
c163 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c167 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c164 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p59_propro_p59
PMID: 18049472
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides induce IFNs through TLR4 and also recruit TRIF.
c168 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c169 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c170 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p60_propro_p60
PMID: 18049472
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides induce IFNs through TLR4 and also recruit TRIF.
c172 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c171 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p61_propro_p61
c108 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c173 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p62_propro_p62
PMID: 18049472, 15710892
For example, a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-encoded protease can cleave IPS1 off the mitochondrial membrane and block RIG-I/MDA5-mediated signalling.
c175 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c176 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c177 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p63_propro_p63
PMID: 18049472, 17038589
NS1 protein of influenza viruses prevents establishment of an antiviral state through the interaction with RIG-I.
c180 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c181 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c182 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p64_propro_p64
PMID: 18049472, 11812998
the quinolinamine imiquimod and its analogues activate TLR7.
c184 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c185 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c186 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p65_propro_p65
PMID: 18049472, 17562815
DMXAA induces IFN synthesis through a TLR-independent pathway.
c188 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c187 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p66_propro_p66
PMID: 18049472, 14991609
stimulation of TLR3 or TLR4 induces mostly IFN-beta and IFN-alpha1, which emphasizes the differences in the promoter sequences for the IFN-alphas, IFN-omega, and IFN-beta genes that govern the response to different inducers.
c193 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c189 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p67_propro_p67
PMID: 18049472, 14991609
stimulation of TLR3 or TLR4 induces mostly IFN-beta and IFN-alpha1, which emphasizes the differences in the promoter sequences for the IFN-alphas, IFN-omega, and IFN-beta genes that govern the response to different inducers.
c195 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c190 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p68_propro_p68
PMID: 18049472, 14991609
stimulation of TLR3 or TLR4 induces mostly IFN-beta and IFN-alpha1, which emphasizes the differences in the promoter sequences for the IFN-alphas, IFN-omega, and IFN-beta genes that govern the response to different inducers.
c196 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c192 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p69_propro_p69
PMID: 18049472, 14991609
stimulation of TLR3 or TLR4 induces mostly IFN-beta and IFN-alpha1, which emphasizes the differences in the promoter sequences for the IFN-alphas, IFN-omega, and IFN-beta genes that govern the response to different inducers.
c194 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c191 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p70_propro_p70
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2.
PMID: 18049472, 17969444
They act through a cell-surface receptor composed of two ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins, IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 (the genes for which are clustered on chromosome 21), and are associated with two cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, TYK2 and JAK1.
c197 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c204 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c211 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p71_propro_p71
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2.
PMID: 18049472, 17969444
They act through a cell-surface receptor composed of two ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins, IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 (the genes for which are clustered on chromosome 21), and are associated with two cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, TYK2 and JAK1.
c198 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c205 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c212 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p72_propro_p72
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2.
PMID: 18049472, 17969444
They act through a cell-surface receptor composed of two ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins, IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 (the genes for which are clustered on chromosome 21), and are associated with two cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, TYK2 and JAK1.
c199 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c206 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c213 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p73_propro_p73
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2.
PMID: 18049472, 17969444
They act through a cell-surface receptor composed of two ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins, IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 (the genes for which are clustered on chromosome 21), and are associated with two cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, TYK2 and JAK1.
c200 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c207 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c214 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p74_propro_p74
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2.
PMID: 18049472, 17969444
They act through a cell-surface receptor composed of two ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins, IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 (the genes for which are clustered on chromosome 21), and are associated with two cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, TYK2 and JAK1.
c201 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c208 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c215 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p75_propro_p75
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2.
PMID: 18049472, 17969444
They act through a cell-surface receptor composed of two ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins, IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 (the genes for which are clustered on chromosome 21), and are associated with two cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, TYK2 and JAK1.
c202 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c209 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c216 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p76_propro_p76
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2.
PMID: 18049472, 17969444
They act through a cell-surface receptor composed of two ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins, IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 (the genes for which are clustered on chromosome 21), and are associated with two cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, TYK2 and JAK1.
c203 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c210 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c217 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p77_propro_p77
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2.
PMID: 18049472, 17969444
They act through a cell-surface receptor composed of two ubiquitously expressed transmembrane proteins, IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2 (the genes for which are clustered on chromosome 21), and are associated with two cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, TYK2 and JAK1.
PMID: 18049472, 17969444
Formation of the IFNreceptor complex involves one side of the IFN protein interacting with IFNAR2 in a region forming the hinge between the two fibronectin type III (FnIII) domains (Fig. 3); binding affinity is in the nanomolar range39. IFNAR1 binds IFNs with an affinity 1,000-fold weaker than that of IFNAR2, with a binding site located opposite to the IFNAR2 binding site. Binding studies are consistent with the ternary complex between IFNAR1, IFN and IFNAR2 having a 1:1:1 stoichiometry, and a similar if not identical architecture for all type I IFNs. Ternary complex assembly is a two-step process; the ligand binds first to one IFNAR and then recruits the second with no identified interaction between the two IFNARs.
c218 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c219 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c220 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p78_propro_p78
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2; type II IFN-gamma with IFN-gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) and IFNGR2; and type III IFN-lambdas with IFN-lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1; also known as IL28RA) and interleukin 10 receptor 2 (IL10R2; also known as IL10RB).
PMID; 18049472
Type II IFN-gamma is an antiparallel homodimer exhibiting a two-fold axis of symmetry. It binds two IFNGR1 receptor chains, assembling a complex that is stabilized by two IFNGR2 chains.
PMID: 18049472
Type II IFN-gamma is an antiparallel homodimer exhibiting a two-fold axis of symmetry. It binds two IFNGR1 receptor chains, assembling a complex that is stabilized by two IFNGR2 chains. These receptors are associated with two kinases from the JAK family: JAK1 and TYK2 for type I and III IFNs; JAK1 and JAK2 for type II IFN.
PMID: 18049472
IFN-gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) maps to chromosome 6 and has a JAK1 binding domain and a STAT1 docking site. IFNGR2 contains a JAK2 binding domain and maps to chromosome 21q22.1 in a cluster that also contains IFNAR1, IFNAR2 and interleukin 10 receptor 2 (IL10R2; also known as IL10RB).
c221 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c222 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c223 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p79_propro_p79
PMID: 18049472
Type I interferons (IFNs) (alpha, beta omega, kappa, epsilon, delta (pigs), tau (ruminants)) interact with IFN (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNAR2; type II IFN-gamma with IFN-gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1) and IFNGR2; and type III IFN-lambdas with IFN-lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1; also known as IL28RA) and interleukin 10 receptor 2 (IL10R2; also known as IL10RB).
PMID: 18049472
These receptors are associated with two kinases from the JAK family: JAK1 and TYK2 for type I and III IFNs.
c224 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c225 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c226 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p52_propro_p52
PMID: 18049472
In addition, they cause apoptosis by activating caspases 8 and 10 through the interaction of FADD with IPS1.
c145 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c153 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c146 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p80_propro_p80
PMID: 18049472
Upon activation of receptors, the JAKs undergo autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation to increase their activity, and then phosphorylate the IFN receptors and finally STATs.
PMID: 18049472
Minimum requirements for a response to type I IFNs are the heterodimeric IFN receptor; the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1, which reciprocally transphosphorylate the receptor chains when activated.
c227 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c228 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p81_propro_p81
PMID: 18049472
Upon activation of receptors, the JAKs undergo autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation to increase their activity, and then phosphorylate the IFN receptors and finally STATs.
PMID: 18049472
Minimum requirements for a response to type I IFNs are the heterodimeric IFN receptor; the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1, which reciprocally transphosphorylate the receptor chains when activated.
c231 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c232 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p82_propro_p82
PMID: 18049472
Upon activation of receptors, the JAKs undergo autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation to increase their activity, and then phosphorylate the IFN receptors and finally STATs.
PMID: 18049472
Minimum requirements for a response to type I IFNs are the heterodimeric IFN receptor; the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1, which reciprocally transphosphorylate the receptor chains when activated.
c229 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c230 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p83_propro_p83
PMID: 18049472
Upon activation of receptors, the JAKs undergo autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation to increase their activity, and then phosphorylate the IFN receptors and finally STATs.
PMID: 18049472
Minimum requirements for a response to type I IFNs are the heterodimeric IFN receptor; the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1, which reciprocally transphosphorylate the receptor chains when activated.
c239 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c241 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c242 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p84_propro_p84
PMID: 18049472
Upon activation of receptors, the JAKs undergo autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation to increase their activity, and then phosphorylate the IFN receptors and finally STATs.
PMID: 18049472
Minimum requirements for a response to type I IFNs are the heterodimeric IFN receptor; the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1, which reciprocally transphosphorylate the receptor chains when activated.
c233 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c234 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p85_propro_p85
PMID: 18049472
Upon activation of receptors, the JAKs undergo autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation to increase their activity, and then phosphorylate the IFN receptors and finally STATs.
PMID: 18049472
Minimum requirements for a response to type I IFNs are the heterodimeric IFN receptor; the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1, which reciprocally transphosphorylate the receptor chains when activated.
c240 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c243 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c244 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p86_propro_p86
PMID: 18049472
Upon activation of receptors, the JAKs undergo autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation to increase their activity, and then phosphorylate the IFN receptors and finally STATs.
PMID: 18049472
Minimum requirements for a response to type I IFNs are the heterodimeric IFN receptor; the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1, which reciprocally transphosphorylate the receptor chains when activated.
c235 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c236 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p87_propro_p87
PMID: 18049472
Upon activation of receptors, the JAKs undergo autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation to increase their activity, and then phosphorylate the IFN receptors and finally STATs.
PMID: 18049472
Minimum requirements for a response to type I IFNs are the heterodimeric IFN receptor; the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1, which reciprocally transphosphorylate the receptor chains when activated.
c237 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c238 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p88_propro_p88
PMID: 18049472, 15284232
STAT1 and STAT3 bind competitively to the same phosphotyrosine residue of IFNGR1, with the binding of STAT1 greatly favoured.
c245 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c247 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c248 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c246 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p89_propro_p89
PMID: 18049472
Upon activation of receptors, the JAKs undergo autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation to increase their activity, and then phosphorylate the IFN receptors and finally STATs.
c249 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c250 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p90_propro_p90
PMID: 18049472, 12169689
In at least some cell types, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is associated with IFNAR1. The activation of p85 by IFN leads to AKT phosphorylation and expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL11) gene, encoding an important chemokine.
c251 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c252 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c253 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p91_propro_p91
PMID: 18049472, 12169689
In at least some cell types, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is associated with IFNAR1. The activation of p85 by IFN leads to AKT phosphorylation and expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL11) gene, encoding an important chemokine.
c254 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c256 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c255 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p92_propro_p92
PMID: 18049472, 12169689
In at least some cell types, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is associated with IFNAR1. The activation of p85 by IFN leads to AKT phosphorylation and expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL11) gene, encoding an important chemokine.
PMID: 18049472, 9625760, 2115167, 8798467
As examples, three closely related chemokines involved in accumulation of activated T cells and macrophages are the ISGs CXCL9 (also known as MIG, monokine induced by IFN-gamma); CXCL10 (also known as IP-10, IFN-gamma 10 kD inducible protein); and CXCL11 (also known as I-TAC, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha-chemoattractant)136, 137, 138, 139. True to their names, these chemokines are not expressed in the absence of IFN signalling.
c258 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c257 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p93_propro_p93
PMID: 18049472, 12169689
In at least some cell types, the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is associated with IFNAR1. The activation of p85 by IFN leads to AKT phosphorylation and expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11 (CXCL11) gene, encoding an important chemokine.
PMID: 18049472, 14607926
Type I IFNs also activate p38, and inactivation of p38 blocks induction by IFN-beta of CXCL11 and TNFSF10 (encoding tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, APO2L/TRAIL)68 and of CXCL10 (encoding the chemokine IP-10; also known as IFN-gamma-induced peptide, 10 kDa) in primary leukocytes.
c259 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c260 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p94_propro_p94
PMID: 18049472, 14607926
Type I IFNs also activate p38, and inactivation of p38 blocks induction by IFN-beta of CXCL11 and TNFSF10 (encoding tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, APO2L/TRAIL)68 and of CXCL10 (encoding the chemokine IP-10; also known as IFN-gamma-induced peptide, 10 kDa) in primary leukocytes.
c261 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c263 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c262 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p95_propro_p95
PMID: 18049472, 14607926
Type I IFNs also activate p38, and inactivation of p38 blocks induction by IFN-beta of CXCL11 and TNFSF10 (encoding tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, APO2L/TRAIL)68 and of CXCL10 (encoding the chemokine IP-10; also known as IFN-gamma-induced peptide, 10 kDa) in primary leukocytes.
PMID: 18049472, 9625760, 2115167, 8798467
As examples, three closely related chemokines involved in accumulation of activated T cells and macrophages are the ISGs CXCL9 (also known as MIG, monokine induced by IFN-gamma); CXCL10 (also known as IP-10, IFN-gamma 10 kD inducible protein); and CXCL11 (also known as I-TAC, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha-chemoattractant)136, 137, 138, 139. True to their names, these chemokines are not expressed in the absence of IFN signalling.
c422 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c264 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p96_propro_p96
PMID: 18049472, 14607926
Type I IFNs also activate p38, and inactivation of p38 blocks induction by IFN-beta of CXCL11 and TNFSF10 (encoding tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, APO2L/TRAIL)68 and of CXCL10 (encoding the chemokine IP-10; also known as IFN-gamma-induced peptide, 10 kDa) in primary leukocytes.
c266 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c269 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p97_propro_p97
PMID: 18049472, 14607926
Type I IFNs also activate p38, and inactivation of p38 blocks induction by IFN-beta of CXCL11 and TNFSF10 (encoding tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, APO2L/TRAIL)68 and of CXCL10 (encoding the chemokine IP-10; also known as IFN-gamma-induced peptide, 10 kDa) in primary leukocytes.
c421 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c268 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p98_propro_p98
PMID: 18049472, 14607926
Type I IFNs also activate p38, and inactivation of p38 blocks induction by IFN-beta of CXCL11 and TNFSF10 (encoding tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, APO2L/TRAIL)68 and of CXCL10 (encoding the chemokine IP-10; also known as IFN-gamma-induced peptide, 10 kDa) in primary leukocytes.
c397 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c270 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p99_propro_p99
PMID: 18049472, 17969446
Serine 727 of STAT1 is phosphorylated in response to IFN-gamma by the kinase cascade PI3KAKTPKCMKK4p38 (MKK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also known as MAP2K4), with some variation in the activation of different PKC or MKK proteins in different cells.
c272 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c273 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p100_propro_p100
PMID: 18049472, 17969446
Serine 727 of STAT1 is phosphorylated in response to IFN-gamma by the kinase cascade PI3KAKTPKCMKK4p38 (MKK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also known as MAP2K4), with some variation in the activation of different PKC or MKK proteins in different cells.
c275 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c277 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c276 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p103_propro_p103
PMID: 18049472, 17969446
Serine 727 of STAT1 is phosphorylated in response to IFN-gamma by the kinase cascade PI3KAKTPKCMKK4p38 (MKK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also known as MAP2K4), with some variation in the activation of different PKC or MKK proteins in different cells.
c284 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c283 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c285 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p104_propro_p104
PMID: 18049472, 17969446
Serine 727 of STAT1 is phosphorylated in response to IFN-gamma by the kinase cascade PI3KAKTPKCMKK4p38 (MKK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also known as MAP2K4), with some variation in the activation of different PKC or MKK proteins in different cells.
c287 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c289 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c288 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p105_propro_p105
PMID: 18049472
IFN-dependent activation of PI3K, extracellular response kinases (ERKs) and p38 stimulates the phosphorylation of NFkappaB (but not IkappaB), AP-1 and possibly PU.1, respectively.
c290 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c291 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c292 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p106_propro_p106
PMID: 18049472
IFN-dependent activation of PI3K, extracellular response kinases (ERKs) and p38 stimulates the phosphorylation of NFkappaB (but not IkappaB), AP-1 and possibly PU.1, respectively.
c293 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c294 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p107_propro_p107
PMID: 18049472
IFN-dependent activation of PI3K, extracellular response kinases (ERKs) and p38 stimulates the phosphorylation of NFkappaB (but not IkappaB), AP-1 and possibly PU.1, respectively.
c296 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c300 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c301 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p108_propro_p108
PMID: 18049472
IFN-dependent activation of PI3K, extracellular response kinases (ERKs) and p38 stimulates the phosphorylation of NFkappaB (but not IkappaB), AP-1 and possibly PU.1, respectively.
c298 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c299 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p109_propro_p109
PMID: 18049472
IFN-dependent activation of PI3K, extracellular response kinases (ERKs) and p38 stimulates the phosphorylation of NFkappaB (but not IkappaB), AP-1 and possibly PU.1, respectively.
c302 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c304 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c303 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p110_propro_p110
PMID: 18049472
IFN-dependent activation of PI3K, extracellular response kinases (ERKs) and p38 stimulates the phosphorylation of NFkappaB (but not IkappaB), AP-1 and possibly PU.1, respectively.
c274 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c295 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p111_propro_p111
PMID: 18049472, 15032587
SOCS inhibit receptor signalling both by directly inhibiting JAKs and by targeting the receptor complex for proteasomal degradation.
c297 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c310 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c307 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p112_propro_p112
PMID: 18049472, 15032587
SOCS inhibit receptor signalling both by directly inhibiting JAKs and by targeting the receptor complex for proteasomal degradation.
c305 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c311 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c308 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p113_propro_p113
PMID: 18049472, 15032587
SOCS inhibit receptor signalling both by directly inhibiting JAKs and by targeting the receptor complex for proteasomal degradation.
c306 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c312 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c309 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p114_propro_p114
PMID: 18049472
STAT1 is activated in response to both type I and type II IFNs and STAT3 is activated in response to gp130 cytokines such as IL6.
c313 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c315 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c314 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p115_propro_p115
PMID: 18049472, 17510282
For example, unphosphorylated STAT3 activates a subset of kappaB-dependent genes by forming a complex with NFkappaB.
c316 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c317 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c318 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p116_propro_p116
PMID: 18049472, 272640
Viral dsRNA can directly activate one of several human OAS proteins to produce a unique 2'-to-5' linked oligoadenylate of 36 bases (25A) from ATP.
c319 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c321 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c320 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p117_propro_p117
PMID: 18049472, 272640
Viral dsRNA can directly activate one of several human OAS proteins to produce a unique 2'-to-5' linked oligoadenylate of 36 bases (25A) from ATP.
c322 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c323 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c324 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p118_propro_p118
PMID: 18049472, 7876164, 6162102, 6165080
25A binding to RNASEL induces monomeric, inactive RNASEL to dimerize into a potent endoribonuclease that cleaves single-stranded regions of RNA on the 3' side of UpUp and UpAp dinucleotides.
c325 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c326 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c327 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p119_propro_p119
PMID: 18049472, 7876164, 6162102, 6165080
25A binding to RNASEL induces monomeric, inactive RNASEL to dimerize into a potent endoribonuclease that cleaves single-stranded regions of RNA on the 3' side of UpUp and UpAp dinucleotides.
PMID: 18049472, 7680958
The only well-established function of 25A is activation of the ubiquitous, latent enzyme, RNASEL.
c328 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c329 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p120_propro_p120
PMID: 18049472, 7876164, 6162102, 6165080
25A binding to RNASEL induces monomeric, inactive RNASEL to dimerize into a potent endoribonuclease that cleaves single-stranded regions of RNA on the 3' side of UpUp and UpAp dinucleotides.
PMID: 18049472, 17804500
The OASRNASEL pathway can inhibit the replication of encephalomyocarditis virus, Coxsackie virus B4, West Nile virus, some retroviruses and HCV.
c330 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c331 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c333 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p121_propro_p121
PMID: 18049472, 9351818, 10200477, 9294150
Furthermore, degradation of cellular mRNA and rRNA by RNASEL damages the host cell machinery that is required for viral replication and can result in apoptosis, contributing to both antiviral and antitumour actions.
c332 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
p122_propro_p122
PMID: 18049472, 17653195
RNASEL also cleaves self-RNA into small degradation products that activate the recognition receptors, RIG-I and MDA5, to induce IFN-beta, similar to that of non-self viral RNA90, thus perpetuating and amplifying the production of IFN-beta.
c334 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c335 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c336 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p123_propro_p123
c337 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c338 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c339 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p124_propro_p124
PMID: 18049472, 17653195
RNASEL also cleaves self-RNA into small degradation products that activate the recognition receptors, RIG-I and MDA5, to induce IFN-beta, similar to that of non-self viral RNA90, thus perpetuating and amplifying the production of IFN-beta.
c348 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c340 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p125_propro_p125
PMID: 18049472, 17653195
RNASEL also cleaves self-RNA into small degradation products that activate the recognition receptors, RIG-I and MDA5, to induce IFN-beta, similar to that of non-self viral RNA90, thus perpetuating and amplifying the production of IFN-beta.
c346 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c341 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p126_propro_p126
PMID: 18049472, 17653195
RNASEL also cleaves self-RNA into small degradation products that activate the recognition receptors, RIG-I and MDA5, to induce IFN-beta, similar to that of non-self viral RNA90, thus perpetuating and amplifying the production of IFN-beta.
c343 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c347 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c345 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p127_propro_p127
PMID: 18049472, 17653195
RNASEL also cleaves self-RNA into small degradation products that activate the recognition receptors, RIG-I and MDA5, to induce IFN-beta, similar to that of non-self viral RNA90, thus perpetuating and amplifying the production of IFN-beta.
c342 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c349 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c344 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p128_propro_p128
PMID: 18049472, 1004583, 283387
The dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and OAS were the first enzymes identified that uniquely respond to IFNs.
c350 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c352 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c351 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p129_propro_p129
PMID: 18049472, 9687506
In addition, the cellular protein PACT (also known as PRKRA) activates PKR in the absence of dsRNA.
c353 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c355 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c354 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p130_propro_p130
PMID: 18049472
PKR mediates translational control by phosphorylating the protein synthesis initiation factor EIF2alpha, resulting in an inactive complex between EIF2GDP and the recycling factor, EIF2B.
c356 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c358 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c357 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p131_propro_p131
PMID: 18049472
PKR mediates translational control by phosphorylating the protein synthesis initiation factor EIF2alpha, resulting in an inactive complex between EIF2GDP and the recycling factor, EIF2B.
c359 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c360 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c362 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c361 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p132_propro_p132
PMID: 18049472
p56 and p54 bind to different subunits of EIF3 and block some of its diverse functions.
c363 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c364 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c365 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p133_propro_p133
PMID: 18049472
p56 and p54 bind to different subunits of EIF3 and block some of its diverse functions.
c366 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c368 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c367 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p134_propro_p134
c369 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c370 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
p135_propro_p135
PMID: 18048472, 10224285, 11410525, 11568006
TRAIL/APO2L is an ISG that contributes to apoptosis and therefore probably to both the antiviral and antitumour effects of IFNs.
c371 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
p136_propro_p136
PMID: 18049472, 15685448
Although many ISGs promote apoptosis, some promote cell survival. For example, the ISG G1P3 (or 616)116, 117 localizes to mitochondria and has anti-apoptotic actions, including inhibition of caspase-3.
c372 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
p137_propro_p137
PMID: 18049472, 17579067
MHC class II proteins are selectively upregulated by IFN-gamma, whereas type I IFNs fail to do so owing to the STAT2-dependent induction of SOCS1.
c373 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c374 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p138_propro_p138
PMID: 18049472, 17579067
MHC class II proteins are selectively upregulated by IFN-gamma, whereas type I IFNs fail to do so owing to the STAT2-dependent induction of SOCS1.
c376 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c375 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p139_propro_p139
PMID: 18049472
IFNs also promote accumulation of leukocytes at sites of pathogen invasion; specifically, IFNs (along with cytokines such as TNFalpha and IL1beta), strongly promote the expression of vascular adhesion molecules including intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1).
c377 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c382 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p140_propro_p140
PMID: 18049472
IFNs also promote accumulation of leukocytes at sites of pathogen invasion; specifically, IFNs (along with cytokines such as TNFalpha and IL1beta), strongly promote the expression of vascular adhesion molecules including intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1).
c378 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c381 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p141_propro_p141
PMID: 18049472
IFNs also promote accumulation of leukocytes at sites of pathogen invasion; specifically, IFNs (along with cytokines such as TNFalpha and IL1beta), strongly promote the expression of vascular adhesion molecules including intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1).
c379 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c380 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p142_propro_p142
PMID: 18049472, 14607926
Type I IFNs also activate p38, and inactivation of p38 blocks induction by IFN-beta of CXCL11 and TNFSF10 (encoding tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, APO2L/TRAIL)68 and of CXCL10 (encoding the chemokine IP-10; also known as IFN-gamma-induced peptide, 10 kDa) in primary leukocytes.
c423 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c383 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p143_propro_p143
PMID: 18049472, 9625760, 2115167, 8798467
As examples, three closely related chemokines involved in accumulation of activated T cells and macrophages are the ISGs CXCL9 (also known as MIG, monokine induced by IFN-gamma); CXCL10 (also known as IP-10, IFN-gamma 10 kD inducible protein); and CXCL11 (also known as I-TAC, interferon-inducible T-cell alpha-chemoattractant)136, 137, 138, 139. True to their names, these chemokines are not expressed in the absence of IFN signalling.
c386 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c271 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p144_propro_p144
c387 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c385 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p145_propro_p145
PMID: 18049472
As one example, an IFN-beta ISG product, CD69, forms an inhibitory association with a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR).
c390 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c392 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c391 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p146_propro_p146
PMID: 18049472, 9153530, 9007090, 9007089
Reduction in expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in activated lymphocytes and increased soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) levels in plasma have also been identified and assigned putative roles in the beneficial effects of IFN-beta for patients with MS.
c395 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c388 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p147_propro_p147
PMID: 18049472, 9153530, 9007090, 9007089
Reduction in expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in activated lymphocytes and increased soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM) levels in plasma have also been identified and assigned putative roles in the beneficial effects of IFN-beta for patients with MS.
c393 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c394 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c389 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p148_propro_p148
PMID: 18049472, 12766484, 14977850
Induction of apoptosis by the ISG products APO2L/TRAIL and Fas has been identified in many malignant cell types, as has induction of APO2L/TRAIL on immune effector cell surfaces, thus sensitizing tumour cells to T-cell, NK cell and macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity.
c396 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
p149_propro_p149
PMID: 18049472, 10417772, 12171874
Intralesional administration of IFN-alpha into basal cell carcinomas increased Fas expression and correlated with regression244. IFN-gamma has increased susceptibility to apoptosis by Fas activators and cytotoxic chemotherapies in many cell types including melanoma and colorectal carcinoma.
c399 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c398 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p151_propro_p151
PMID: 18049472, 12029096, 16909101
Through interactions with p53 and the inhibitor of apoptosis, XIAP, the ISG product XAF1 may allow APO2L/TRAIL to fully activate downstream caspases.
c400 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c401 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c402 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c403 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p150_propro_p150
PMID: 18049472, 12029096, 16909101
Through interactions with p53 and the inhibitor of apoptosis, XIAP, the ISG product XAF1 may allow APO2L/TRAIL to fully activate downstream caspases.
c404 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
p152_propro_p152
PMID: 18049472, 12029096, 16909101
Through interactions with p53 and the inhibitor of apoptosis, XIAP, the ISG product XAF1 may allow APO2L/TRAIL to fully activate downstream caspases.
c405 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c406 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c407 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c408 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p153_propro_p153
PMID: 18049472, 1569446
In addition, IFN-gamma can upregulate the tumour-associated antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen and TAG72, both in vitro and in vivo.
c412 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c410 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p154_propro_p154
PMID: 18049472, 1569446
In addition, IFN-gamma can upregulate the tumour-associated antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen and TAG72, both in vitro and in vivo.
c413 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c409 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p155_propro_p155
PMID: 18049472, 1569446
In addition, IFN-gamma can upregulate the tumour-associated antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen and TAG72, both in vitro and in vivo.
c414 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c411 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p156_propro_p156
PMID: 18049472, 12644537
IFNs also inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression by regulating its promoter.
c418 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c415 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p157_propro_p157
PMID: 18049472, 12644537
IFNs also inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression by regulating its promoter.
c417 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c419 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c416 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p158_propro_p158
PMID: 18049472, 12881412
In endothelial cells, the ISG product guanylate binding protein 1, interferon-inducible, 67 kDa (GBP1), functioned as an inflammatory response factor inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in part through MMPs.
c420 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
p159_propro_p159
PMID: 18049472, 14607926
Type I IFNs also activate p38, and inactivation of p38 blocks induction by IFN-beta of CXCL11 and TNFSF10 (encoding tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, APO2L/TRAIL)68 and of CXCL10 (encoding the chemokine IP-10; also known as IFN-gamma-induced peptide, 10 kDa) in primary leukocytes.
c384 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c424 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p160_propro_p160
PMID: 18049472
In addition, they cause apoptosis by activating caspases 8 and 10 through the interaction of FADD with IPS1.
c160 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c426 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c425 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p101_propro_p101
PMID: 18049472, 17969446
Serine 727 of STAT1 is phosphorylated in response to IFN-gamma by the kinase cascade PI3KAKTPKCMKK4p38 (MKK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also known as MAP2K4), with some variation in the activation of different PKC or MKK proteins in different cells.
c278 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c279 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c281 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p102_propro_p102
PMID: 18049472, 17969446
Serine 727 of STAT1 is phosphorylated in response to IFN-gamma by the kinase cascade PI3KAKTPKCMKK4p38 (MKK4, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; also known as MAP2K4), with some variation in the activation of different PKC or MKK proteins in different cells.
c280 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c282 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c286 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p161_propro_p161
PMID: 18049472
IRF3 requires further phosphorylation by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K)/AKT pathway for its full activation, which is initiated by binding PI3K to phosphorylated TLR3.
c63 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c67 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c66 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
IFN Type I_enti_MO000016658
IFN Type I
TLRs_enti_MO000019395
TLRs
TLR3_enti_MO000019398
TLR3
TLR5_enti_MO000019399
TLR5
dsRNA_enti_MO000022224
dsRNA
dsRNA:TLR3_enti_MO000041446
dsRNA:TLR3
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF_enti_MO000041437
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF
RIG-1 {activated}_enti_MO000066987
RIG-1 {activated}
TLR7 : TLR7_enti_MO000042126
TLR7 : TLR7
TLR9: TLR9_enti_MO000042012
TLR9: TLR9
TLR8: TLR8_enti_MO000042007
TLR8: TLR8
LPS_enti_MO000016882
LPS
Lp_enti_MO000017793
Lp
flagellin_enti_MO000022185
flagellin
Mda-5 {activated}_enti_MO000103999
Mda-5 {activated}
TLR1: TLR2_enti_e12
TLR1: TLR2
TLR6: TLR2_enti_e13
TLR6: TLR2
Lipoteichoic acid_enti_e14
Lipoteichoic acid
Lp: TLR1: TLR2_enti_e15
Lp: TLR1: TLR2
Lipoteichoic acid: TLR6: TLR2_enti_e16
Lipoteichoic acid: TLR6: TLR2
TLR4: TLR4_enti_e17
TLR4: TLR4
LPS: TLR4: TLR4_enti_e18
LPS: TLR4: TLR4
flagellin: TLR5_enti_e19
flagellin: TLR5
ssRNA_enti_e20
ssRNA
dsRNA: RIG-1 {activated}_enti_e21
dsRNA: RIG-1 {activated}
dsRNA: Mda-5 {activated}_enti_e22
dsRNA: Mda-5 {activated}
TLR ligand_enti_e23
TLR ligand
TLR ligand: TLR_enti_e24
TLR ligand: TLR
IFN_enti_e25
IFN
TRIF_enti_MO000041125
TRIF
IPS-1_enti_e26
IPS-1
dsRNA: RIG-1{activated}: IPS-1_enti_e27
dsRNA: RIG-1{activated}: IPS-1
dsRNA: Mda-5 {activated}: IPS-1_enti_e28
dsRNA: Mda-5 {activated}: IPS-1
TRAF3_enti_MO000016963
TRAF3
CpG DNA_enti_e29
CpG DNA
CpG DNA: TLR9: TLR9_enti_e30
CpG DNA: TLR9: TLR9
ssRNA: TLR8: TLR8_enti_e31
ssRNA: TLR8: TLR8
ssRNA: TLR7 : TLR7_enti_e32
ssRNA: TLR7 : TLR7
IKK_enti_MO000000248
IKK
CD14_enti_MO000018132
CD14
Ptk_enti_e33
Ptk
dsRNA:TLR3 {p}_enti_e34
dsRNA:TLR3 {p}
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}_enti_e35
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14_enti_e36
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14
TRAF6_enti_MO000000212
TRAF6
TBK1_enti_MO000019331
TBK1
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i_enti_e37
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: PI3K_enti_e38
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: PI3K
IKK-i_enti_MO000016608
IKK-i
IRF-3_enti_MO000007694
IRF-3
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i: IRF-3_enti_e39
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i: IRF-3
PI3K_enti_MO000000030
PI3K
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i: IRF-3 {p}_enti_e40
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i: IRF-3 {p}
TAK1_enti_MO000016574
TAK1
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF6: TAK1_enti_e42
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF6: TAK1
IKK {activated}_enti_e43
IKK {activated}
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha{p}_enti_MO000000254
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha{p}
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha_enti_MO000038724
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha
protein remnants_enti_MO000019479
protein remnants
p50:RelA-p65_enti_MO000016632
p50:RelA-p65
ATF2_enti_e44
ATF2
ATF2 {activated}_enti_e45
ATF2 {activated}
JNK_enti_MO000000023
JNK
JNK {activated}_enti_e46
JNK {activated}
p38_enti_MO000000022
p38
p38 {activated}_enti_e47
p38 {activated}
c-Jun_enti_MO000000049
c-Jun
c-Jun {activated}_enti_e48
c-Jun {activated}
c-Jun {nucleus}_enti_e49
c-Jun {nucleus}
ATF2 {nucleus}_enti_e63
ATF2 {nucleus}
p50:RelA-p65 {nucleus}_enti_e64
p50:RelA-p65 {nucleus}
p50: RelA-p65: target genes_enti_e65
p50: RelA-p65: target genes
c-Jun: target genes_enti_e66
c-Jun: target genes
ATF2: target genes_enti_e67
ATF2: target genes
IRF-3{p}_enti_MO000041456
IRF-3{p}
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i_enti_e68
dsRNA:TLR3: TLR3 {p}: CD14: TRIF: TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i
IRF-3: IRF-3{p} {nucleus}_enti_e69
IRF-3: IRF-3{p} {nucleus}
IRF3{p}: target genes_enti_e70
IRF3{p}: target genes
TRAF3 {activated}_enti_e71
TRAF3 {activated}
IKK-i_enti_e72
IKK-i
TRAF6: TAK1_enti_e73
TRAF6: TAK1
TRAF6: TAK1 {activated}_enti_e74
TRAF6: TAK1 {activated}
FADD_enti_MO000016899
FADD
Caspase-10_enti_MO000016906
Caspase-10
dsRNA: RIG-1 {activated}: IPS-1: FADD_enti_e75
dsRNA: RIG-1 {activated}: IPS-1: FADD
dsRNA: Mda-5 {activated}: IPS-1: FADD_enti_e76
dsRNA: Mda-5 {activated}: IPS-1: FADD
Caspase-8_enti_MO000016900
Caspase-8
Caspase-10 [activated}_enti_e77
Caspase-10 [activated}
Caspase-8 {activated}_enti_e78
Caspase-8 {activated}
TBK1 {activated}_enti_e79
TBK1 {activated}
LPS: TLR4: TLR4: TRIF_enti_e80
LPS: TLR4: TLR4: TRIF
IRF-3: IRF-3 {p}_enti_e81
IRF-3: IRF-3 {p}
HCV protease_enti_e88
HCV protease
NS1_enti_e89
NS1
NS1: RIG-1 {activated}_enti_e90
NS1: RIG-1 {activated}
quinolinamine imiquimod_enti_e91
quinolinamine imiquimod
quinolinamine imiquimod: TLR7: TLR7_enti_e92
quinolinamine imiquimod: TLR7: TLR7
DMXAA_enti_e93
DMXAA
IFN-beta_enti_G010228
IFN-beta
IFN-alpha1_enti_e94
IFN-alpha1
IFNomega_enti_MO000016667
IFNomega
IFNbeta_enti_MO000016660
IFNbeta
IFNalpha_enti_e95
IFNalpha
IFNkappa_enti_e96
IFNkappa
IFNepsilon_enti_e97
IFNepsilon
IFNtheta_enti_e98
IFNtheta
IFNtau_enti_e99
IFNtau
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2_enti_e100
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: IFNalpha_enti_e101
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: IFNalpha
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: IFNbeta_enti_e102
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: IFNbeta
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: IFNomega_enti_e103
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: IFNomega
IFNkappa: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2_enti_e104
IFNkappa: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2
IFNepsilon: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2_enti_e105
IFNepsilon: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2
IFNtheta: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2_enti_e106
IFNtheta: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2
IFNtau: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2_enti_e107
IFNtau: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2
IFN Type I: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2_enti_e108
IFN Type I: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2
2IFNGR1: 2IFNGR2: 2JAK2: 2JAK1_enti_e109
2IFNGR1: 2IFNGR2: 2JAK2: 2JAK1
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1: 2IFNGR2: 2JAK2: 2JAK1_enti_e110
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1: 2IFNGR2: 2JAK2: 2JAK1
IFNgamma: IFNgamma_enti_MO000016665
IFNgamma: IFNgamma
IFNlambda_enti_e111
IFNlambda
IFNLR1: IL10R2: JAK1: Tyk2_enti_e114
IFNLR1: IL10R2: JAK1: Tyk2
IFNlambda: IFNLR1: IL10R2: JAK1: Tyk2_enti_e112
IFNlambda: IFNLR1: IL10R2: JAK1: Tyk2
STAT1_enti_MO000013119
STAT1
STAT1: STAT2: IRF9_enti_e113
STAT1: STAT2: IRF9
IFN Type I: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1 {p}: TYK2_enti_e115
IFN Type I: IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1 {p}: TYK2
IFN Type I: IFNAR1{p}: IFNAR2 {p}: JAK1 {p}: TYK2_enti_e117
IFN Type I: IFNAR1{p}: IFNAR2 {p}: JAK1 {p}: TYK2
IFNlambda: IFNLR1: IL10R2: JAK1 {p}: Tyk2_enti_e118
IFNlambda: IFNLR1: IL10R2: JAK1 {p}: Tyk2
IFNlambda: IFNLR1 {p}: IL10R2 {p}: JAK1 {p}: Tyk2_enti_e119
IFNlambda: IFNLR1 {p}: IL10R2 {p}: JAK1 {p}: Tyk2
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1: 2IFNGR2: 2JAK2 {p}: 2JAK1 [p}_enti_e120
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1: 2IFNGR2: 2JAK2 {p}: 2JAK1 [p}
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1 {p}: 2IFNGR2 {p}: 2JAK2 {p}: 2JAK1 [p}_enti_e121
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1 {p}: 2IFNGR2 {p}: 2JAK2 {p}: 2JAK1 [p}
STAT1 [p}: STAT2 {p}: IRF9_enti_e122
STAT1 [p}: STAT2 {p}: IRF9
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1 {p}: 2IFNGR2 {p}: 2JAK2 {p}: 2JAK1 [p}: STAT1: STAT3_enti_e123
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1 {p}: 2IFNGR2 {p}: 2JAK2 {p}: 2JAK1 [p}: STAT1: STAT3
STAT3_enti_MO000013122
STAT3
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1 {p}: 2IFNGR2 {p}: 2JAK2 {p}: 2JAK1 [p}: STAT1 [p}: STAT3 {p}_enti_e124
IFNgamma: IFNgamma: 2IFNGR1 {p}: 2IFNGR2 {p}: 2JAK2 {p}: 2JAK1 [p}: STAT1 [p}: STAT3 {p}
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: PI3K_enti_e125
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: PI3K
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: PI3K: IFN Type I_enti_e126
IFNAR1: IFNAR2: JAK1: TYK2: PI3K: IFN Type I
AKT_enti_MO000000048
AKT
AKT{p}_enti_MO000019343
AKT{p}
CXCL11_enti_e127
CXCL11
TNFSF10_enti_e116
TNFSF10
Apo2L_enti_MO000017871
Apo2L
IP-10_enti_MO000017271
IP-10
PI3K {activated}_enti_e129
PI3K {activated}
PKC_enti_MO000000104
PKC
MKK4_enti_MO000016917
MKK4
STAT1{pS727}_enti_MO000038375
STAT1{pS727}
NF-kappaB_enti_MO000000058
NF-kappaB
NF-kappaB {p}_enti_e132
NF-kappaB {p}
ERK_enti_MO000000011
ERK
ERK {activated}_enti_e133
ERK {activated}
AP-1_enti_MO000000276
AP-1
AP-1 {p}_enti_e134
AP-1 {p}
PU.1_enti_MO000037579
PU.1
PU.1{p}_enti_e135
PU.1{p}
SOCS/CIS family_enti_MO000017115
SOCS/CIS family
IL-6_enti_MO000007384
IL-6
STAT3 {activated}_enti_e128
STAT3 {activated}
STAT3: NF-kappaB_enti_e136
STAT3: NF-kappaB
OASs [actiavted}_enti_e137
OASs [actiavted}
OASs_enti_e138
OASs
ATP_enti_e139
ATP
2'-to-5' linked oligoadenylate of 36 bases_enti_e140
2'-to-5' linked oligoadenylate of 3–6 bases
RNASEL_enti_MO000061281
RNASEL
2-5A: RNASEL_enti_e141
2-5A: RNASEL
2-5A: RNASEL: RNASEL_enti_e142
2-5A: RNASEL: RNASEL
ssRNA_enti_e143
ssRNA
RNA degradation products_enti_e144
RNA degradation products
RIG-1_enti_e145
RIG-1
Mda-5_enti_e146
Mda-5
PKR_enti_MO000008179
PKR
PKR {activated}_enti_e147
PKR {activated}
PACT_enti_MO000022533
PACT
GDP_enti_e148
GDP
eIF-2alpha_enti_MO000022570
eIF-2alpha
eIF-2alpha {p}_enti_e149
eIF-2alpha {p}
: EIF2B_enti_e150
: EIF2B
EIF2B1_enti_e151
EIF2B1
eIF3_enti_e152
eIF3
p56_enti_MO000013291
p56
p56: eIF3_enti_e153
p56: eIF3
p54: eIF3_enti_e154
p54: eIF3
p54_enti_e155
p54
HCV mRNA_enti_e156
HCV mRNA
GIP3_enti_e157
GIP3
MHC class II_enti_MO000017268
MHC class II
SOCS1_enti_G010539
SOCS1
TNF-alpha_enti_MO000000289
TNF-alpha
Icam1_enti_e158
Icam1
IL-1beta_enti_MO000016597
IL-1beta
IFN_enti_e159
IFN
CXCL10_enti_G012252
CXCL10
MIG_enti_G011193
MIG
CIITA_enti_e160
CIITA
CD69_enti_MO000063455
CD69
S1PR_enti_e161
S1PR
cd69: S1PR_enti_e162
cd69: S1PR
Mmp9_enti_e163
Mmp9
VCAM-1_enti_G010430
VCAM-1
VCAM-1_enti_MO000000308
VCAM-1
Fas_enti_MO000004927
Fas
FAS_enti_e164
FAS
APO2L_enti_e165
APO2L
XAF1_enti_MO000060628
XAF1
p53_enti_MO000000277
p53
XIAP_enti_MO000017876
XIAP
XIAP: p53: XAF1_enti_e166
XIAP: p53: XAF1
caspase_enti_e167
caspase
caspase {activated}_enti_e168
caspase {activated}
tumour-associated antigens_enti_e169
tumour-associated antigens
carcinoembryonic antigen_enti_e170
carcinoembryonic antigen
TAG72_enti_e171
TAG72
VEGF_enti_G010711
VEGF
VEGF family_enti_MO000014520
VEGF family
GBP1_enti_MO000068682
GBP1
PKC {p}_enti_e172
PKC {p}
MKK4{p}_enti_MO000038341
MKK4{p}
IRF-3{p}_enti_e41
IRF-3{p}