Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Role of Toll-like receptor responses for sepsis pathogenesis.
Affiliation
Department of Surgery, Technische Universitat Munchen, Ismaninger Strasse 22,81675, Munich, Germany. Heike.Weighardt@uni-duesseldorf.de
Abstract
Sepsis remains a serious clinical problem because of high patient morbidity andmortality. Despite significant advances in critical care, there is still noefficient causal therapy applicable to patients indicating the need to furtherelucidate the molecular pathways leading to the immunopathology of sepsis. Theimportance of Toll-like receptors (TLR) for the induction of immune responsesagainst sepsis was demonstrated in humans exhibiting polymorphisms in TLR genesand in animal models using genetically modified mouse strains. Because of theclinical heterogeneity in human sepsis and the complex pathomechanismsunderlying sepsis, several different animal models might be used to cover thediverse features of sepsis. TLR receptors induce signaling through the adapterproteins MyD88 and TRIF. TLR signaling is tightly controlled at different stepsof the signaling cascade by series of regulatory proteins. Using a model ofsevere polymicrobial septic peritonitis we could show that single TLRs aredispensable for the induction of innate immune responses under those conditions.However, genetic ablation of MyD88 or TRIF/type-I interferon signaling pathwaysprevented hyper-inflammation and attenuated the pathogenic consequences ofsepsis indicating that dampening common signaling pathways may create a moderatesignal strength which is associated with favorable immune responses. Therefore,broad knowledge about the regulation of TLR-induced signaling pathways mayfurther elucidate the immune mechanisms during sepsis and targeting of TLRadapter molecules may provide a new therapeutic strategy against severe sepsis.
PMID
18086373
|
Entity
TRAF6
--
MO000000212
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m183
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001841 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000212 |
--
MyD88
--
MO000016573
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1572
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016573 |
--
IFN Type I
--
MO000016658
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1634
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016658 |
--
beta-arrestin
--
MO000017072
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1964
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000017072 |
--
protein remnants
--
MO000019479
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m360980
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019479 |
--
flagellin
--
MO000022185
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6485
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000022185 |
--
TRIAD3
--
MO000061958
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m36851
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000061958 |
--
SIGIRR
--
MO000066718
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m41575
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000066718 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MAL
--
e11
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MAL: MyD88
--
e12
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: MAL: IRAK-4
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK1 {p}
--
e14
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK1 {p}: TRAF6
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
TAk1: TAB2 (activated}
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB {activated}
--
e19
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7 ligand: TLR7: MyD88
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
TLR3 ligand
--
e22
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
TLR3 ligand: TLR3
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM: TRIF
--
e26
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
TLR3 ligand: TLR3: TRIF
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
--
e29
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
--
e30
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
--
e31
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7 ligand: TLR7
--
e32
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8 ligand: TLR8
--
e33
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
TLR9 ligand: TLR9
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7 ligand
--
e35
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8 ligand
--
e36
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
TLR9 ligand
--
e37
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
TLR8 ligand: TLR8: MyD88
--
e39
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
TLR9 ligand: TLR9: MyD88
--
e40
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MyD88
--
e42
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MyD88: MAL
--
e43
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
MyD88s
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: MAL: IRAK-4: IRAK1
--
e45
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
MyD88: IRAK: TRAF6
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
MyD88: IRAK: TRAF6: IRF-4
--
e47
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: MyD88: MAL: IRAK-4: IRAK1{p}
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
Smad6: Pellino: IRAK1: TRAF6
--
e49
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand
--
e5
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR
--
e6
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK 1{p}: TRAF6 {ub}
--
e63
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
TRAF6: beta-arrestin
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin: TLR5
--
e65
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
MCP-5
--
e66
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
MCP5
--
e67
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
MCP-1: CCr2
--
e68
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
MCP-5: CCR2
--
e69
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
SARM
--
e71
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m5*m3962*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 9697844, 10435584 MyD88 is the central adapter protein for signal transduction of all TLRs, except TLR3, and the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family.
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
m219*m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373 Finally, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors are activated resulting in the transcription of inflammatory genes.
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m3961*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12872135, 12471095, 14625548 Engagement of TLR4 and TLR3 induces the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway, which is essential for the production of interferon (IFN)-betaand contributes to the expression of cytokines and costimulatory molecules through both IFN-beta-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PMID: 18086373, 15852007 Radioprotective 105 (RP105) is a member of the TLR family and interferes with TLR4 signaling by inhibition of ligand binding. PMID: 18086373, 15866876 SIGIRR is not able to induce NF-¦ÊB signaling by itself, but inhibits LPS-induced signaling probably by interference with the TIR domain of TLR4 and TLR9.
p12
p12
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
m3965*m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12872135, 12471095, 14625548 Engagement of TLR4 and TLR3 induces the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway, which is essential for the production of interferon (IFN)-betaand contributes to the expression of cytokines and costimulatory molecules through both IFN-beta-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m24*m19005*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 14517278, 12539043, 12539043 TLR4-induced TRIF signaling involves the adapter Toll-receptor-associated molecule (TRAM), whereas the interaction of TLR3 with TRIF is TRAM-independent.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m18998*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12872135, 12471095, 14625548 Engagement of TLR4 and TLR3 induces the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway, which is essential for the production of interferon (IFN)-betaand contributes to the expression of cytokines and costimulatory molecules through both IFN-beta-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PMID: 18086373, 16964262 TRIF-induced signaling, however, is negatively regulated by the TIR adapter sterile a HEAT-Armadillo motif protein (SARM) in humans.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
m18998*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12872135, 12471095, 14625548 Engagement of TLR4 and TLR3 induces the TRIF-dependent signaling pathway, which is essential for the production of interferon (IFN)-betaand contributes to the expression of cytokines and costimulatory molecules through both IFN-beta-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PMID: 18086373, 16964262 TRIF-induced signaling, however, is negatively regulated by the TIR adapter sterile a HEAT-Armadillo motif protein (SARM) in humans.
p16
p16
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
m977*m3902*m1599*m27*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 14530355, 14739303 TRIF-induced production of IFN-beta is critically regulated by the noncanonical inhibitory factor kappaB (IkappaB) kinases TRAF family member associated NF-kappaB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IkappaB kinase (IKK)epsilon followed by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)3. PMID: 18086373, 17157040 Furthermore, the TRIF pathway is negatively regulated by Src homology 2(SH2)-domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase (SHIP)-2 through interference with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK)1-induced signaling.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 14530355, 14739303 TRIF-induced production of IFN-beta is critically regulated by the noncanonical inhibitory factor kappaB (IkappaB) kinases TRAF family member associated NF-kappaB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IkappaB kinase (IKK)epsilon followed by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)3.
p18
p18
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
m93217*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 14530355, 14739303 TRIF-induced production of IFN-beta is critically regulated by the noncanonical inhibitory factor kappaB (IkappaB) kinases TRAF family member associated NF-kappaB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IkappaB kinase (IKK)epsilon followed by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)3.
p19
p19
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
m36*m19940*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12356687, 15361868 Type-I interferon production can also be triggered by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 in an MyD88-dependent fashion.
p2
p2
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m1572*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 9697844, 10435584 MyD88 is the central adapter protein for signal transduction of all TLRs, except TLR3, and the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family.
p20
p20
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
m37*m19823*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12356687, 15361868 Type-I interferon production can also be triggered by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 in an MyD88-dependent fashion.
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
m38*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12356687, 15361868 Type-I interferon production can also be triggered by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 in an MyD88-dependent fashion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
m39*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12356687, 15361868 Type-I interferon production can also be triggered by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 in an MyD88-dependent fashion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
m39*m40*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12356687, 15361868 Type-I interferon production can also be triggered by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 in an MyD88-dependent fashion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
m39*m22*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12356687, 15361868 Type-I interferon production can also be triggered by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 in an MyD88-dependent fashion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
m33*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12356687, 15361868 Type-I interferon production can also be triggered by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 in an MyD88-dependent fashion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
m34*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12356687, 15361868 Type-I interferon production can also be triggered by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 in an MyD88-dependent fashion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
m35*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12356687, 15361868 Type-I interferon production can also be triggered by TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 in an MyD88-dependent fashion.
p28
p28
cso30:i:ME_ProteasomeDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
m36851*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 15107846 The E3-ubiqiutin ligase TLR-ubiquitinating enzyme 3A (Triad3A), however, inhibits TLR signaling by the promotion of proteolytic degradation of TLR4 and TLR9.
p29
p29
cso30:i:ME_ProteasomeDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
m36851*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 15107846 The E3-ubiqiutin ligase TLR-ubiquitinating enzyme 3A (Triad3A), however, inhibits TLR signaling by the promotion of proteolytic degradation of TLR4 and TLR9.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m43675*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373 MyD88 needs the bridging adapter MyD88-adapter-like /TIR-associated protein (Mal/TIRAP) for signaling induced by TLR2 and TLR4.
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
m24*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 15004556 ST2L inhibits signaling induced by TLR4 and IL1-R but not by TLR3, probably by sequestering MyD88 and Mal.
p31
p31
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
m43*m43675*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 15004556 ST2L inhibits signaling induced by TLR4 and IL1-R but not by TLR3, probably by sequestering MyD88 and Mal.
p32
p32
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
m13*m184*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12538665 MyD88-signaling is inhibited by a splice variant of MyD88, MyD88s, which lacks the intermediate domain of MyD88 and acts as dominant negative inhibitor of the MyD88/IRAK complex by preventing the phosphorylation of IRAK-1. PMID: 18086373, 16951688 Recently, Smad6 was identified to abrogate TLR signaling by complex formation with Pelle-interacting protein (Pellino), IRAK-1 and TRAF6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
m47*m978*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 16243976, 16236719 In addition, IRF-4 interacts with the IRAK-1/MyD88/TRAF-6 complex and selectively inhibits IRF-5-dependent TLR signaling.
p34
p34
cso30:i:ME_Dissociation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373 IRAK-M inhibits the dissociation of IRAK-1 and IRAK-4 from the TLR/MyD88/IRAK signaling complex.
p35
p35
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
m184*m2522*m183*m19288*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 16951688 Recently, Smad6 was identified to abrogate TLR signaling by complex formation with Pelle-interacting protein (Pellino), IRAK-1 and TRAF6.
p36
p36
cso30:i:ME_Ubiquitination
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
m15*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373 Moreover, A20 removes K63-linked ubiquitin residues from TRAF6 and therefore inhibits TRAF6 dependent NF-kappaB activation, while beta-arrestin complexes with TRAF6 and averts autoubiqitination and NF-kappaB activation by TRAF6.
p37
p37
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
m1964*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373 Moreover, A20 removes K63-linked ubiquitin residues from TRAF6 and therefore inhibits TRAF6 dependent NF-kappaB activation, while beta-arrestin complexes with TRAF6 and averts autoubiqitination and NF-kappaB activation by TRAF6.
p38
p38
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
m3966*m6485*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373 Bacterial flagellin is recognized by TLR5.
p39
p39
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m4436*m2133*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 15517610 Antibody blockade of CCR2, which functions as a receptor for MCP-1 and MCP-5, demonstrated that this pathway is essential for neutrophil recruitment, bacterial clearance and prevention of kidney injury in septic peritonitis.
p4
p4
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
m17258*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12885415 MyD88 recruits IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-4 which phosphorylates IRAK-1.
p40
p40
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
m4436*m67*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 15517610 Antibody blockade of CCR2, which functions as a receptor for MCP-1 and MCP-5, demonstrated that this pathway is essential for neutrophil recruitment, bacterial clearance and prevention of kidney injury in septic peritonitis.
p41
p41
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 15517610, 16714594 In the absence of MyD88, TRIF-regulated inflammatory genes including Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-5 (MCP-5) were found to be induced during sepsis.
p42
p42
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 15517610, 16714594 In the absence of MyD88, TRIF-regulated inflammatory genes including Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-5 (MCP-5) were found to be induced during sepsis.
p43
p43
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
m980*m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373 TLR signaling procedes via the adapters TIRAP/MyD88 or TRAM/TRIF to activate NF-kappaB or IRF3 and IRF7 transcription factors.
p5
p5
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
m46*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 12885415 MyD88 recruits IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-4 which phosphorylates IRAK-1. PMID: 18086373, 12538665 MyD88-signaling is inhibited by a splice variant of MyD88, MyD88s, which lacks the intermediate domain of MyD88 and acts as dominant negative inhibitor of the MyD88/IRAK complex by preventing the phosphorylation of IRAK-1. PMID: 18086373, 11751856 Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) was shown to inhibit phosphorylation and kinase activity of IRAK-1.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m14*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 11960013, 9734363,10882101 Activated IRAK-1 further recruits TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-6, which activates the transforming growth factor -¦Â-activated kinase (TAK)-1/TAK1-binding protein (TAB)-2 complex as well as MAP-kinases. PMID: 18086373, 16951688 Recently, Smad6 was identified to abrogate TLR signaling by complex formation with Pelle-interacting protein (Pellino), IRAK-1 and TRAF6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m16*m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 11960013, 9734363,10882101 Activated IRAK-1 further recruits TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-6, which activates the transforming growth factor -¦Â-activated kinase (TAK)-1/TAK1-binding protein (TAB)-2 complex as well as MAP-kinases.
p8
p8
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
m69*m17*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373, 11960013, 9734363,10882101 Activated IRAK-1 further recruits TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-6, which activates the transforming growth factor -¦Â-activated kinase (TAK)-1/TAK1-binding protein (TAB)-2 complex as well as MAP-kinases.
p9
p9
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m17*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18086373 Finally, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors are activated resulting in the transcription of inflammatory genes.
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--