Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
C-type lectin receptors in antifungal immunity.
Affiliation
Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology,CLS, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a significant health burden, especially inimmunocompromised individuals, yet many of the underlying immunologicalmechanisms involved in the recognition and control of these pathogens areunclear. The identification of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has shed newinsights on innate microbial recognition and the initiation of immune responses;however, recent evidence indicates that the 'non-TLR' receptors also have asignificant role in these processes, particularly in antifungal immunity. Ofinterest are members of the C-type lectin-receptor family, including the mannosereceptor, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3(ICAM-3)-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), Dectin-1, Dectin-2 and the collectins.Here, we review the roles of each of these receptors, describing how theycontribute to fungal recognition, uptake and killing and also participate in theinduction and/or modulation of the host immune response.
PMID
18160296
|
Entity
TNF-alpha
--
G010329
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m93309
10
infinite
0
TRANSFAC | G010329 |
--
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
TNF-alpha
--
MO000000289
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m230
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003636 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000289 |
--
calreticulin
--
MO000017520
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m2316
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000017520 |
--
cytokines
--
MO000019387
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3957
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019387 |
--
alpha2 beta1
--
MO000019699
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4234
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000019699 |
--
CARD9 {activated}
--
MO000044196
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m21914
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001315 |
TRANSPATH | MO000044196 |
--
MBL
--
MO000062069
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m36961
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000062069 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: TLR: MyD88
--
e11
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: TLR: TRIF
--
e12
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB {activated}
--
e13
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
mannose receptor
--
e15
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
N-acetyl glucosamine
--
e18
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
mannose: mannose receptor
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
fucose: mannose receptor
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
N-acetyl glucosamine: mannose receptor
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
mannan: DC-SIGN
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
mannose receptor ligand
--
e24
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
mannose receptor ligand: mannose receptor
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
10
infinite
0
Affymetrix | 1369_s_at |
Ensembl | ENSG00000169429 |
HGNC | IL8 |
OMIM | 146930 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/IL8 |
RefSeq | NM_000584 |
TRANSFAC | G000317 |
Unigene | Hs.551925 |
--
Dectin-1
--
e27
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
beta1, 3-glucans: Dectin-1
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
beta1, 3-glucans
--
e29
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
MIP-2
--
e30
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
Syk: beta1, 3-glucans: Dectin-1
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
Dectin-2
--
e38
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
fucose: Dectin-2
--
e39
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
mannose: Dectin-2
--
e40
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
Ca
--
e41
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
mannan: DC-SIGN tetratmer
--
e42
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
DC-SIGN (murine)
--
e43
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
fungal particle
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
fungal particle: DC-SIGN (murine)
--
e45
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
Raf kianse
--
e46
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
Raf kinase (activated}
--
e47
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
C1qRp: SP-D
--
e49
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
TLR liagnd
--
e5
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
TLR ligand: TLR: TLR
--
e6
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
C1qRp
--
e63
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
C1qRp: SP-A
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
SIRPalpha: SP-A
--
e65
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
calreticulin: SP-A
--
e66
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
CD14: SP-A
--
e67
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
0
infinite
0
--
SP-A
--
e69
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000071032 |
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
SP-D
--
e70
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000066990 |
--
mannose receptor
--
e71
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
SIRPalpha: SP-D
--
e72
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
calreticulin: SP-D
--
e73
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m74
0
infinite
0
--
CD14: SP-D
--
e74
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
MBL: alpha2 beta1
--
e75
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
0
infinite
0
--
MBL: CR1
--
e76
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
0
infinite
0
--
MBL: calreticulin
--
e77
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m3962*m6*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:18160296 Ligand recognition, by TLR homo- or hetero-dimers, induces signalling cascades mediated through intracellular adaptors, including myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF), which result in the activation of several transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB and interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
m25*m16*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296,15668126, 15155616, 17020928 In response to fungi, the MR can induce NF-kappaB activation and the production of several cytokines, including IL-12, IL-8, IL-1beta, IL-6 and granulocyte?macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and can also enhance MR shedding. PMID: 18160296 A variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands have been described for the various domains of the MR, including the Ca2+-dependent recognition of carbohydrates.
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m26*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 15668126, 15155616, 17020928 In response to fungi, the MR can induce NF-kappaB activation and the production of several cytokines, including IL-12, IL-8, IL-1beta, IL-6 and granulocyte?macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and can also enhance MR shedding.
p12
p12
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
m93589*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296,15668126, 15155616, 17020928 In response to fungi, the MR can induce NF-kappaB activation and the production of several cytokines, including IL-12, IL-8, IL-1beta, IL-6 and granulocyte?macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and can also enhance MR shedding.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
m27*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296,15668126, 15155616, 17020928 In response to fungi, the MR can induce NF-kappaB activation and the production of several cytokines, including IL-12, IL-8, IL-1beta, IL-6 and granulocyte?macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and can also enhance MR shedding.
p14
p14
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
m93364*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296,15668126, 15155616, 17020928 In response to fungi, the MR can induce NF-kappaB activation and the production of several cytokines, including IL-12, IL-8, IL-1beta, IL-6 and granulocyte?macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and can also enhance MR shedding.
p15
p15
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
m93248*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296,15668126, 15155616, 17020928 In response to fungi, the MR can induce NF-kappaB activation and the production of several cytokines, including IL-12, IL-8, IL-1beta, IL-6 and granulocyte?macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and can also enhance MR shedding.
p16
p16
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
m93209*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296,15668126, 15155616, 17020928 In response to fungi, the MR can induce NF-kappaB activation and the production of several cytokines, including IL-12, IL-8, IL-1beta, IL-6 and granulocyte?macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and can also enhance MR shedding.
p17
p17
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m93309*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296,16000387 However, with certain fungi, such as Pneumocystis, the MR might have an immunosuppressive role, inhibiting the production inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m28*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 16371356 Although most similar to CLRs with proteinaceous ligands, Dectin-1 recognises beta-1,3-glucans in a calcium-independent fashion through an unknown mechanism and is the major receptor for these carbohydrates on leukocytes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
m32*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 17450144 This induces a variety of cellular responses, including the respiratory burst, activation and regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), ligand uptake by endocytosis and phagocytosis and the production of several cytokines and chemokines, including TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-23.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m11*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:18160296 Ligand recognition, by TLR homo- or hetero-dimers, induces signalling cascades mediated through intracellular adaptors, including myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF), which result in the activation of several transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB and interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).
p20
p20
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
m93218*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 17450144 This induces a variety of cellular responses, including the respiratory burst, activation and regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), ligand uptake by endocytosis and phagocytosis and the production of several cytokines and chemokines, including TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-23.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m33*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 17450144 This induces a variety of cellular responses, including the respiratory burst, activation and regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), ligand uptake by endocytosis and phagocytosis and the production of several cytokines and chemokines, including TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-23.
p22
p22
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
m93248*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 17450144 This induces a variety of cellular responses, including the respiratory burst, activation and regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), ligand uptake by endocytosis and phagocytosis and the production of several cytokines and chemokines, including TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-23.
p23
p23
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
m93309*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 17450144 This induces a variety of cellular responses, including the respiratory burst, activation and regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), ligand uptake by endocytosis and phagocytosis and the production of several cytokines and chemokines, including TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-23. PMID: 18160296,16000387 However, with certain fungi, such as Pneumocystis, the MR might have an immunosuppressive role, inhibiting the production inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m29*m1066*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 16862125 Signalling from Dectin-1 is mediated through novel pathways, including an unusual interaction with spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), which triggers downstream signalling through caspase-recruitment domain 9 (CARD9).
p25
p25
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
m36*m35*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 16862125 Signalling from Dectin-1 is mediated through novel pathways, including an unusual interaction with spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), which triggers downstream signalling through caspase-recruitment domain 9 (CARD9).
p26
p26
cso30:i:CE_CellDifferentiation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
PMID: 18160296, 17450144 The CARD9 pathway has been shown recently to induce DC maturation and direct T helper 17 (Th17)-cell responses independently of the TLRs, demonstrating that signalling through Dectin-1 can couple to adaptive immunity directly.
p27
p27
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
m1675*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 17450144 This induces a variety of cellular responses, including the respiratory burst, activation and regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), ligand uptake by endocytosis and phagocytosis and the production of several cytokines and chemokines, including TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-23.
p28
p28
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
m44388*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16341139, 17450144 This induces a variety of cellular responses, including the respiratory burst, activation and regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), ligand uptake by endocytosis and phagocytosis and the production of several cytokines and chemokines, including TNF, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), IL-2, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-23.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
m18*m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16423983 Dectin-2 possesses cation-dependent mannose and fucose lectin activity with specificity for high mannose structures.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m11*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:18160296 Ligand recognition, by TLR homo- or hetero-dimers, induces signalling cascades mediated through intracellular adaptors, including myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF), which result in the activation of several transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB and interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
m17*m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16423983 Dectin-2 possesses cation-dependent mannose and fucose lectin activity with specificity for high mannose structures.
p31
p31
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
m93309*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 17050534 The cytoplasmic tail of Dectin-2 appears to associate through a novel interaction with the Fc¦Ã chain, a signalling adaptor associated with several other transmembrane receptors, and can induce TNF and IL-1R antagonist in response to hyphal forms of C. albicans. PMID: 18160296,16000387 However, with certain fungi, such as Pneumocystis, the MR might have an immunosuppressive role, inhibiting the production inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF).
p32
p32
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
m93309*m40*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 17050534 The cytoplasmic tail of Dectin-2 appears to associate through a novel interaction with the Fc¦Ã chain, a signalling adaptor associated with several other transmembrane receptors, and can induce TNF and IL-1R antagonist in response to hyphal forms of C. albicans. PMID: 18160296,16000387 However, with certain fungi, such as Pneumocystis, the MR might have an immunosuppressive role, inhibiting the production inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 15659060 DC-SIGN recognises carbohydrates, such as high-mannose structures, in a Ca2+-dependent fashion with specificity being achieved through unique interactions with its ligands and tetramerisation of the receptor.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
m44*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 15096474, 14707091 Of the murine homologues, only SIGNR1 (also termed murine DC-SIGN) and SIGNR3 recognise fungal particles.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
m47*m43*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 17462920, 17496896 DC-SIGN can induce intracellular signalling through the Raf-kinase pathway, modulating TLR-mediated responses and inducing higher levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
m48*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 17462920, 17496896 DC-SIGN can induce intracellular signalling through the Raf-kinase pathway, modulating TLR-mediated responses and inducing higher levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
m70*m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16213021 Similar to MBP, these collectins have been proposed to bind directly to cellular receptors, including C1q receptor (C1qRp), signal-regulating protein alpha (SIRPalpha), calreticulin and CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
m49*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16213021 Similar to MBP, these collectins have been proposed to bind directly to cellular receptors, including C1q receptor (C1qRp), signal-regulating protein alpha (SIRPalpha), calreticulin and CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
m2316*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16213021 Similar to MBP, these collectins have been proposed to bind directly to cellular receptors, including C1q receptor (C1qRp), signal-regulating protein alpha (SIRPalpha), calreticulin and CD14.
p4
p4
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
m5*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:18160296 Ligand recognition, by TLR homo- or hetero-dimers, induces signalling cascades mediated through intracellular adaptors, including myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF), which result in the activation of several transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB and interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
m2828*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16213021 Similar to MBP, these collectins have been proposed to bind directly to cellular receptors, including C1q receptor (C1qRp), signal-regulating protein alpha (SIRPalpha), calreticulin and CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
m69*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 11181966 Through unknown mechanisms, SP-A and SP-D can also modulate a variety of host cell functions, such as phagocytosis, cytokine production and the respiratory burst.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
m69*m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 11181966 Through unknown mechanisms, SP-A and SP-D can also modulate a variety of host cell functions, such as phagocytosis, cytokine production and the respiratory burst.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296 A soluble form of the MR is shed into the serum, which is generated through proteolytic cleavage of the membrane-bound receptor.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
m64*m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16213021 Similar to MBP, these collectins have been proposed to bind directly to cellular receptors, including C1q receptor (C1qRp), signal-regulating protein alpha (SIRPalpha), calreticulin and CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
m49*m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16213021 Similar to MBP, these collectins have been proposed to bind directly to cellular receptors, including C1q receptor (C1qRp), signal-regulating protein alpha (SIRPalpha), calreticulin and CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
m71*m2316*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16213021 Similar to MBP, these collectins have been proposed to bind directly to cellular receptors, including C1q receptor (C1qRp), signal-regulating protein alpha (SIRPalpha), calreticulin and CD14.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
m71*m2828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 16213021 Similar to MBP, these collectins have been proposed to bind directly to cellular receptors, including C1q receptor (C1qRp), signal-regulating protein alpha (SIRPalpha), calreticulin and CD14.
p48
p48
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m4234*m36961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 12524383, 16166590 The identity of the MBL receptor(s) is controversial, although a number have been proposed, including calreticulin, complement receptor 1 and the integrin.
p49
p49
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
m36961*m2316*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 12524383, 16166590 The identity of the MBL receptor(s) is controversial, although a number have been proposed, including calreticulin, complement receptor 1 and the integrin.
p5
p5
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
m977*m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:18160296 Ligand recognition, by TLR homo- or hetero-dimers, induces signalling cascades mediated through intracellular adaptors, including myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF), which result in the activation of several transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB and interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3).
p50
p50
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
m36961*m45367*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 12524383, 16166590 The identity of the MBL receptor(s) is controversial, although a number have been proposed, including calreticulin, complement receptor 1 and the integrin.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
m16*m17*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 15668126 This activity is mediated by CTLD 4?8 of the receptor, which bind terminal mannose, fucose or N-acetyl glucosamine and is responsible for microbial recognition. PMID: 18160296 A variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands have been described for the various domains of the MR, including the Ca2+-dependent recognition of carbohydrates.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
m16*m18*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 15668126 This activity is mediated by CTLD 4?8 of the receptor, which bind terminal mannose, fucose or N-acetyl glucosamine and is responsible for microbial recognition. PMID: 18160296 A variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands have been described for the various domains of the MR, including the Ca2+-dependent recognition of carbohydrates.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m16*m19*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 15668126 This activity is mediated by CTLD 4?8 of the receptor, which bind terminal mannose, fucose or N-acetyl glucosamine and is responsible for microbial recognition. PMID: 18160296 A variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands have been described for the various domains of the MR, including the Ca2+-dependent recognition of carbohydrates.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m23*m20214*m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18160296, 2828085 We now know that mannan can be recognised by several mannose-receptors, such as DC-SIGN, and is often contaminated with other carbohydrates involved in fungal recognition, such as beta-glucan. PMID: 18160296, 15659060 DC-SIGN recognises carbohydrates, such as high-mannose structures, in a Ca2+-dependent fashion with specificity being achieved through unique interactions with its ligands and tetramerisation of the receptor.
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--