Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Macrophage activation by endogenous danger signals.
Affiliation
Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland,College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Abstract
Macrophages are cells that function as a first line of defence against invadingmicroorganisms. One of the hallmarks of macrophages is their ability to becomeactivated in response to exogenous 'danger signals'. Most microbes havemolecular patterns (PAMPS) that are recognized by macrophages and trigger thisactivation response. There are many aspects of the activation response to PAMPSthat are recapitulated when macrophages encounter endogenous danger signals. Inresponse to damaged or stressed self, macrophages undergo physiological changesthat include the initiation of signal transduction cascades fromgermline-encoded receptors, resulting in the elaboration of chemokines,cytokines and toxic mediators. This response to endogenous mediators can enhanceinflammation, and thereby contribute to autoimmune pathologies. Often theoverall inflammatory response is the result of cooperative activation signalsfrom both exogenous and endogenous signals. Macrophage activation plays acritical role, not only in the initiation of the inflammatory response but alsoin the resolution of this response. The clearance of granulocytes and theelaboration of anti-inflammatory mediators by macrophages contribute to thedissolution of the inflammatory response. Thus, macrophages are a key player inthe initiation, propagation and resolution of inflammation. This reviewsummarizes our understanding of the role of macrophages in inflammation. We payparticular attention to the endogenous danger signals that macrophages mayencounter and the responses that these signals induce. The molecular mechanismsresponsible for these responses and the diseases that result frominappropriately controlled macrophage activation are also examined. 2007Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
PMID
18161744
|
Entity
Process
IFN-beta
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G010228
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m93217
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infinite
0
TRANSFAC | G010228 |
--
TNF-alpha
--
G010329
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csml-variable:Double
m93309
10
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0
TRANSFAC | G010329 |
--
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
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--
csml-variable:Double
m29
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
TNF-alpha
--
MO000000289
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csml-variable:Double
m230
10
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0
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TRANSPATH | MO000000289 |
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MyD88
--
MO000016573
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m1572
10
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0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016573 |
--
IL-1beta
--
MO000016597
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
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m1591
10
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0
TRANSPATH | MO000016597 |
--
IKK-gamma:IKK-beta:IKK-alpha
--
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0
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TRANSPATH | MO000016599 |
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IL-18
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p50:RelA-p65
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0
TRANSPATH | MO000016632 |
--
adenosine
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csml-variable:Double
m114924
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0
TRANSPATH | MO000017089 |
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fibronectin
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MO000017549
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proCaspase-1
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MO000018229
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--
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0
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TRANSPATH | MO000018229 |
--
TLR2
--
MO000019397
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TRANSPATH | MO000019397 |
--
glucocorticoids
--
MO000021732
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--
csml-variable:Double
m6069
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000021732 |
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2
--
MO000038315
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
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csml-variable:Double
m16530
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038315 |
--
TLR4:MD-2
--
MO000038320
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
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csml-variable:Double
m16535
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038320 |
--
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha
--
MO000038724
cso30:c:Protein
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--
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m16910
10
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0
TRANSPATH | MO000038724 |
--
TBK1:IKK-i
--
MO000041445
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
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--
csml-variable:Double
m19313
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041445 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4:MD-2:Fibronectin
--
e100
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m101
0
infinite
0
--
Beta-defensins
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e101
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
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--
csml-variable:Double
m102
0
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0
--
Beta-defensins:CCR6
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e102
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m103
0
infinite
0
--
Beta-defensin2
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e103
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m104
0
infinite
0
--
Beta-defensin3
--
e104
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m105
0
infinite
0
--
Ox-LDL
--
e105
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m108
0
infinite
0
--
CD36
--
e106
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m109
0
infinite
0
--
Chemokines
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e107
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m110
0
infinite
0
--
chemokines
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e108
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m111
0
infinite
0
--
--
e109
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m112
0
infinite
0
--
Lipid IVa
--
e11
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
--
e110
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m113
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infinite
0
--
--
e111
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
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--
--
csml-variable:Double
m114
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infinite
0
--
HMGB1
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e112
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m115
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000044940 |
--
HMGB1:TLR9
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e113
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m116
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0
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TLR4:MD2:HMGB1
--
e114
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
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--
csml-variable:Double
m117
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infinite
0
--
TLR2:HMGB1
--
e115
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m118
0
infinite
0
--
HMGB1:RAGE
--
e116
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m119
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infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
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0
--
HMGB1:RAGE:CpG ODNs
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e118
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m121
0
infinite
0
--
HMGB1:RAGE:CpG ODNs:TLR9
--
e119
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
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--
csml-variable:Double
m122
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infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2:Lipid A
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e12
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m12
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infinite
0
--
Lox1
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e120
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m123
0
infinite
0
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Ox-LDL:Lox1
--
e121
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m124
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infinite
0
--
ATP
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e122
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m125
0
infinite
0
--
IL-18
--
e123
cso30:c:mRNA
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csml-variable:Double
m126
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0
--
NALP3
--
e124
cso30:c:mRNA
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csml-variable:Double
m127
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0
--
TLR ligands
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e125
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m128
0
infinite
0
--
NALP3
--
e126
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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csml-variable:Double
m129
0
infinite
0
--
Nigericin
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e127
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m130
0
infinite
0
--
NALP3:Nigericin
--
e128
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m131
0
infinite
0
--
Maitotoxin
--
e129
cso30:c:Protein
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--
csml-variable:Double
m132
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infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2:Lipid molecules:MyD88
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
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--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
NALP3:Maitotoxin
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e130
cso30:c:Complex
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csml-variable:Double
m133
0
infinite
0
--
S.aureus
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e131
cso30:c:Cell
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--
csml-variable:Double
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0
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NALP3:s.aureus
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e132
cso30:c:Complex
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--
csml-variable:Double
m135
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0
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L.monocytogenes
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e133
cso30:c:Cell
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--
csml-variable:Double
m136
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0
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NALP3:L.monocytogenes
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e134
cso30:c:Complex
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--
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infinite
0
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Cardinal
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e135
cso30:c:Protein
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--
csml-variable:Double
m138
0
infinite
0
--
NALP3:Maitotoxin:ASC:cardinal
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e136
cso30:c:Complex
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csml-variable:Double
m139
0
infinite
0
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Caspase-1
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e137
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m140
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016828 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m141
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4:MD-2:Mrp8
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e139
cso30:c:Complex
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csml-variable:Double
m142
0
infinite
0
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LPS:TLR4:MD-2:Lipid A:TRIF
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e14
cso30:c:Complex
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--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
Mrp14
--
e140
cso30:c:Protein
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--
csml-variable:Double
m143
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4:MD-2:Mrp14
--
e141
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m144
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m146
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m147
0
infinite
0
--
TNF
--
e145
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
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--
csml-variable:Double
m148
0
infinite
0
--
B7-H4
--
e146
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
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--
csml-variable:Double
m149
0
infinite
0
--
Reg3g
--
e147
cso30:c:Protein
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--
csml-variable:Double
m150
0
infinite
0
--
Reg3g:PGN
--
e148
cso30:c:Complex
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--
csml-variable:Double
m151
0
infinite
0
--
eicosapentaenoic acid
--
e149
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m152
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2:Monophosphoryl Lipid A
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
Resolvins
--
e150
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
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--
csml-variable:Double
m153
0
infinite
0
--
ATPase-ADPase system
--
e151
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
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--
csml-variable:Double
m154
0
infinite
0
--
A2AR
--
e152
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m155
0
infinite
0
--
A2AR:adenosine
--
e153
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m156
0
infinite
0
--
A2BR
--
e154
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m157
0
infinite
0
--
A2BR:adenosine
--
e155
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
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csml-variable:Double
m158
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m159
0
infinite
0
--
A2AR:adenosine:A2AR agonist
--
e157
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m160
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m161
0
infinite
0
--
A2BR:adenosine:A2BR agonist
--
e159
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m162
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2:Monophosphoryl Lipid A:TRIF
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
IL-10
--
e160
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m163
0
infinite
0
--
VEGF
--
e161
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m164
0
infinite
0
--
FPR1
--
e162
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m165
0
infinite
0
--
FPR1:Glucocorticoids
--
e163
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m166
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2: Lipid IVA
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
Bacteria
--
e20
cso30:c:Cell
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
Bacterial products
--
e21
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
Nod2:Bacteria
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
Nod1:Bacterial products
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
Nod2 oligomer:bacteria
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
Nod1 oligomer:bacterial products
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
Nod2 oligomer:Bacteria:RIP2
--
e26
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
Nod1 oligomer:Bacterial products:RIP2
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-gamma{ub}:IKK-beta:IKK-alpha
--
e28
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR007087 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016599 |
--
NF-kappaB{active}
--
e29
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB{active}
--
e30
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
GRIM19
--
e31
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:PGN
--
e32
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
3pRNA
--
e33
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
DDX58:3pRNA
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
Poly I:C
--
e35
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
IFIH1:Poly I:C
--
e36
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
Viral RNA
--
e37
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
OAS
--
e38
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
OAS{active}
--
e39
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
ATP
--
e40
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
2-5A
--
e41
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
RNase L
--
e42
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
RNase L{active}
--
e43
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
Cellular RNA
--
e44
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
small self RNA
--
e45
cso30:c:RnaOther
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
IFIH1:small self RNA
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
DDX58:small self RNA
--
e47
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
DDX58:3pRNA:MAVS
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
IFIH1:Poly I:C:MAVS
--
e49
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
LIpid A
--
e5
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
Monophosphoryl Lipid A
--
e6
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
FADD:RIP-1:TRAF2:TRAF6
--
e63
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
FADD:RIP-1:TRAF2:TRAF6{active}
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
0
infinite
0
--
IKK-gamma:IKK-beta:IKK-alpha{active
--
e65
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR007087 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016599 |
--
degradants
--
e66
cso30:c:EntityBiological
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
p50:RelA-p65
--
e67
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016632 |
--
IFN-alpha
--
e68
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
0
infinite
0
--
TRAF3:NAP1:TANK:NEMO
--
e69
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
IFIH1:Poly I:C:MAVS:TRAF3:NAP1:TANK:NEMO
--
e70
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
DDX58:3pRNA:MAVS:TRAF3:NAP1:TANK:NEMO
--
e71
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
TBK1:IKK-i{active}
--
e72
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041445 |
--
IRF-3{active}
--
e73
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m74
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
IRF-7{active}
--
e74
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000007702 |
--
IRF-3:IRF-3{active}
--
e75
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3:IRF-7{active}
--
e76
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-7:IRF-7{active}
--
e77
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3:IRF-3{active}
--
e78
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3:IRF-7{active}
--
e79
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-3:IRF-7{active}
--
e80
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m81
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2:Hsp60
--
e81
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m82
0
infinite
0
--
NO
--
e82
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m83
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2:Hsp70
--
e83
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m84
0
infinite
0
--
Gp96
--
e84
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m85
0
infinite
0
--
LPS:TLR4:MD-2:Gp96
--
e85
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m86
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2:PGN:Gp96
--
e86
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m87
0
infinite
0
--
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
--
e87
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m88
0
infinite
0
--
pro-inflammatory cytokines
--
e88
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m89
0
infinite
0
--
Co-stimulation factors
--
e89
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m90
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
Co-stimulation factors
--
e90
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m91
0
infinite
0
--
Hyaluronan
--
e91
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m92
0
infinite
0
--
Hyaluronan:CD44
--
e92
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m93
0
infinite
0
--
Hyaluronan:TLR2
--
e93
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m94
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4:MD-2:Hyaluronan
--
e94
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m95
0
infinite
0
--
Hyaluronic acid
--
e95
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m96
0
infinite
0
--
Biglycan
--
e96
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m97
0
infinite
0
--
DNA
--
e97
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m98
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m99
0
infinite
0
--
Ox-LDL:CD36
--
e99
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m100
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m155666*m16535*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which binds to TLR4, is one of the most well-studied PAMPs. PMID: 18161744 TLR4 requires MD-2 to recognize the active moiety of LPS. PMID: 18161744 MD-2 is expressed as a dimer with TLR4 on the surface of immune cells.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 NOD1 is encoded by the caspase-recruitment domain 4 (CARD4) gene, whereas NOD2 is encoded by the caspase-recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene.
p100
p100
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c278 : 1
stoichiometry:c279 : 1
stoichiometry:c280 : 1
stoichiometry:c281 : 1
m133*m21736*m138*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Upon interaction with its ligands, NALP3 recruits ASC via PYD?PYD interactions, and CARDINAL via NACHT?FIIND interactions, respectively.
p101
p101
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c282 : 1
stoichiometry:c283 : 1
stoichiometry:c284 : 1
m139*m2906*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 By interaction with ASC, NALP3 triggers the activation of caspase-1 and subsequent release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18.
p102
p102
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c285 : 1
stoichiometry:c286 : 1
stoichiometry:c287 : 1
m140*m93364*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 By interaction with ASC, NALP3 triggers the activation of caspase-1 and subsequent release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18
p102
p103
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c288 : 1
stoichiometry:c289 : 1
stoichiometry:c290 : 1
m126*m140*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 By interaction with ASC, NALP3 triggers the activation of caspase-1 and subsequent release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c291 : 1
stoichiometry:c292 : 1
stoichiometry:c293 : 1
m141*m16535*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17767165 Recently, Vogl et al demonstrated a pivotal role of these proteins in enhancing LPS-induced phagocyte activation via their interaction with TLR4 in models of LPSinduced shock and Escherichia coli-induced abdominal sepsis
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c294 : 1
stoichiometry:c295 : 1
stoichiometry:c296 : 1
m143*m16535*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17767165 Recently, Vogl et al demonstrated a pivotal role of these proteins in enhancing LPS-induced phagocyte activation via their interaction with TLR4 in models of LPSinduced shock and Escherichia coli-induced abdominal sepsis
p106
p106
cso30:i:ME_Translocation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c297 : 1
stoichiometry:c299 : 1
stoichiometry:c298 : 1
m145*m142*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Mrp8 specifically interacts with the TLR4?MD2 complex to induce intracellular translocation of MyD88 and activation of IRAK-1 and NF-¦ÊB, leading to transcriptional up-regulation of TNF gene expression.
p107
p107
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c300 : 1
stoichiometry:c301 : 1
stoichiometry:c302 : 1
m146*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Mrp8 specifically interacts with the TLR4?MD2 complex to induce intracellular translocation of MyD88 and activation of IRAK-1 and NF-¦ÊB, leading to transcriptional up-regulation of TNF gene expression.
p107
p108
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c303 : 1
stoichiometry:c304 : 1
stoichiometry:c305 : 1
m147*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Mrp8 specifically interacts with the TLR4?MD2 complex to induce intracellular translocation of MyD88 and activation of IRAK-1 and NF-¦ÊB, leading to transcriptional up-regulation of TNF gene expression.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c306 : 1
stoichiometry:c307 : 1
m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Mrp8 specifically interacts with the TLR4?MD2 complex to induce intracellular translocation of MyD88 and activation of IRAK-1 and NF-¦ÊB, leading to transcriptional up-regulation of TNF gene expression.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
m94155*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 NOD1 is encoded by the caspase-recruitment domain 4 (CARD4) gene, whereas NOD2 is encoded by the caspase-recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene.
p110
p110
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c308 : 1
stoichiometry:c309 : 1
m2103*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16606666 IL-10 not only subverts the development of classical macrophage activation responses but also stimulates macrophages to express B7-H4, a novel member of the B7 family of T cell co-stimulator molecules
p111
p111
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c310 : 1
stoichiometry:c311 : 1
stoichiometry:c312 : 1
m155701*m150*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 RegIIIgamma can bind to a carbohydrate component of PGN to kill the bacteria.
p112
p112
cso30:i:ME_MetabolicReaction
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c313 : 1
stoichiometry:c314 : 1
stoichiometry:c315 : 1
m2122*m152*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 The metabolism of the C20 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid by COX2 can result in the formation of so-called resolvins, which were named because of their ability to contribute to the resolution of inflammation.
p113
p113
cso30:i:ME_UnknownProduction
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c317 : 1
stoichiometry:c316 : 1
m154*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 It can also be generated locally from extracellular ATP by the ectoenzymes ATPase?ADPase/5prime ?nucleotidase system expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells
p114
p114
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c318 : 1
stoichiometry:c319 : 1
stoichiometry:c320 : 1
m155*m114924*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17321471,16339566 Treatment of macrophages with an agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits TNF production, whereas agonists of A2BR increase IL-10 production by a post-translational mechanism
p114
p115
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c321 : 1
stoichiometry:c322 : 1
stoichiometry:c323 : 1
m157*m114924*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17321471,16339566 Treatment of macrophages with an agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits TNF production, whereas agonists of A2BR increase IL-10 production by a post-translational mechanism
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c324 : 1
stoichiometry:c325 : 1
stoichiometry:c326 : 1
m156*m159*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17321471,16339566 Treatment of macrophages with an agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits TNF production, whereas agonists of A2BR increase IL-10 production by a post-translational mechanism
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c330 : 1
stoichiometry:c331 : 1
stoichiometry:c332 : 1
m158*m161*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17321471,16339566 Treatment of macrophages with an agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits TNF production, whereas agonists of A2BR increase IL-10 production by a post-translational mechanism
p118
p118
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c333 : 1
stoichiometry:c335 : 1
stoichiometry:c334 : 1
m163*m162*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17321471,16339566 Treatment of macrophages with an agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits TNF production, whereas agonists of A2BR increase IL-10 production by a post-translational mechanism
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c336 : 1
stoichiometry:c338 : 1
stoichiometry:c337 : 1
m93629*m160*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17065555 Furthermore, the co-stimulation of macrophages with agonists of TLRs and A2AR results in an increase in VEGF production by macrophages
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
m4947*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Thus, NOD2 functions as a general sensor of most, if not all, bacteria, whereas NOD1 senses primarily products yielded from Gram-positive bacteria.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c339 : 1
stoichiometry:c341 : 1
stoichiometry:c340 : 1
m93629*m128*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17065555 Furthermore, the co-stimulation of macrophages with agonists of TLRs and A2AR results in an increase in VEGF production by macrophages
p121
p121
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c342 : 1
stoichiometry:c343 : 1
stoichiometry:c344 : 1
m165*m6069*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,12401407 These monocytes express high levels of formyl-peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), which, when ligated, suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and removes damaged cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
m21*m4923*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Thus, NOD2 functions as a general sensor of most, if not all, bacteria, whereas NOD1 senses primarily products yielded from Gram-positive bacteria.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m22*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Upon oligomerization of NOD1 or NOD2, the recruitment of the serine/threonine kinase receptorinteracting serine/threonine kinase (RICK; also known as RIP2 or CARDIAK) occurs through a homophilic CARD?CARD interaction.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Upon oligomerization of NOD1 or NOD2, the recruitment of the serine/threonine kinase receptorinteracting serine/threonine kinase (RICK; also known as RIP2 or CARDIAK) occurs through a homophilic CARD?CARD interaction.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m24*m2684*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Upon oligomerization of NOD1 or NOD2, the recruitment of the serine/threonine kinase receptorinteracting serine/threonine kinase (RICK; also known as RIP2 or CARDIAK) occurs through a homophilic CARD?CARD interaction.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
m2684*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Upon oligomerization of NOD1 or NOD2, the recruitment of the serine/threonine kinase receptorinteracting serine/threonine kinase (RICK; also known as RIP2 or CARDIAK) occurs through a homophilic CARD?CARD interaction.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
m26*m1593*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,15620648 Instead, upon activation by NOD2, RICK induces K63-linked polyubiquitylation of IKKgamma /NEMO at a unique ubiquitylation site (Lysine-285)
p19
p19
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
m28*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,14695475 It has been known that K63-linked polyubiquitylation is associated with activation of the NF-KappaB pathway
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
m16530*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Lipid A and its two derivatives, monophosphoryl lipid A and lipid IVa, bind directly to MD-2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 The interaction of RICK and IKKgamma /NEMO leads to translocation of NF-KappaB transcription factors to the nucleus.
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
m26*m32*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,15692051 In addition to RICK, gene associated with retinoid-IFNinduced mortality 19 (GRIM19) is another intracellular molecule that has been associated with optimal NF-KappaB activation induced by NOD2 but not NOD1
p22
p22
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
m3964*m155701*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 For example, PGN is a ligand for cell surface TLR2, but upon uptake by macrophages, PGN can be processed to yield MDP, a ligand for cytosolic NOD2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
m41844*m34*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17038590,17038589 RIG-1, but not MDA5, can recognize uncapped 5prime2;- triphosphate RNA (termed 3pRNA) present in viruses that can only be generated by viral polymerases, while MDA5 is the principle cytoplasmic receptor for synthetic poly(I : C)
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
m76904*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17038590,17038589 RIG-1, but not MDA5, can recognize uncapped 5prime2;- triphosphate RNA (termed 3pRNA) present in viruses that can only be generated by viral polymerases, while MDA5 is the principle cytoplasmic receptor for synthetic poly(I : C)
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
m38*m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Viral RNAs also activate 2prime,5prime-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) to synthesize 2prime2;,5prime2;-linked oligoadenylate (2-5A) from ATP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
m40*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Viral RNAs also activate 2prime,5prime-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) to synthesize 2prime2;,5prime2;-linked oligoadenylate (2-5A) from ATP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
m42*m43*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID:18161744 2-5A activates RNase L to cleavage cellular RNAs to yield small self-RNA molecules, which are also recognized by RIG-I and/or MDA5.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
m44*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
MID:18161744 2-5A activates RNase L to cleavage cellular RNAs to yield small self-RNA molecules, which are also recognized by RIG-I and/or MDA5.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
m76904*m46*0.1
nodelay
--
0
MID:18161744 2-5A activates RNase L to cleavage cellular RNAs to yield small self-RNA molecules, which are also recognized by RIG-I and/or MDA5.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
m12*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17056597,17569869 Lipid A engagement results in activation of both MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent (MyD88-independent) signalling events, whereas monophosphoryl lipid A causes primarily activation of TRIF-mediated signalling pathways. PMID: 18161744,17569868 Binding of Lipid IVa to MD-2?TLR4 complex inhibits signalling events mediated by MyD88 and TRIF
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
m46*m41844*0.1
nodelay
--
0
MID:18161744 2-5A activates RNase L to cleavage cellular RNAs to yield small self-RNA molecules, which are also recognized by RIG-I and/or MDA5.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
m35*m68199*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744, 16713980 The adaptor protein for RIG-1 and MDA5 is named MAVS (VISA, CARDIF or IPS-1) PMID: 18161744 MAVS is recruited and bound to RIG-1 or MDA5 via CARD?CARD interactions.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
m68199*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744, 16713980 The adaptor protein for RIG-1 and MDA5 is named MAVS (VISA, CARDIF or IPS-1) PMID: 18161744 MAVS is recruited and bound to RIG-1 or MDA5 via CARD?CARD interactions.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
m49*m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
p33
p34
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
m1593*m65*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
p35
p35
cso30:i:ME_ProteasomeDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
m16910*m66*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
m1617*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
m68*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 These events relay the signal through activation and translocation of NF-KappaB p65?p50 heterodimer and IRF3 as well as IRF7 into the nucleus to activate downstream genes that encode alpha- and beta-interferon.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
m68*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 These events relay the signal through activation and translocation of NF-KappaB p65?p50 heterodimer and IRF3 as well as IRF7 into the nucleus to activate downstream genes that encode alpha- and beta-interferon.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
m63*m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
p3
p4
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m12*m1572*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17056597,17569869 Lipid A engagement results in activation of both MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent (MyD88-independent) signalling events, whereas monophosphoryl lipid A causes primarily activation of TRIF-mediated signalling pathways.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
m63*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 TRAF3 has been shown to interact with MAVS, and be essential for MAVS-mediated IFNalpha production and antiviral responses.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
m49*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 TRAF3 has been shown to interact with MAVS, and be essential for MAVS-mediated IFNalpha production and antiviral responses.
p42
p42
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
m72*m19313*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
p42
p43
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
m73*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
p42
p44
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
m73*m980*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
m75*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
m74*m75*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
m76*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
m77*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
m6*m16530*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Lipid A and its two derivatives, monophosphoryl lipid A and lipid IVa, bind directly to MD-2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
m78*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Figure 1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 These events relay the signal through activation and translocation of NF-KappaB p65?p50 heterodimer and IRF3 as well as IRF7 into the nucleus to activate downstream genes that encode alpha- and beta-interferon.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 These events relay the signal through activation and translocation of NF-KappaB p65?p50 heterodimer and IRF3 as well as IRF7 into the nucleus to activate downstream genes that encode alpha- and beta-interferon.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
m80*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 These events relay the signal through activation and translocation of NF-KappaB p65?p50 heterodimer and IRF3 as well as IRF7 into the nucleus to activate downstream genes that encode alpha- and beta-interferon.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
m80*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 These events relay the signal through activation and translocation of NF-KappaB p65?p50 heterodimer and IRF3 as well as IRF7 into the nucleus to activate downstream genes that encode alpha- and beta-interferon.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
m81*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 These events relay the signal through activation and translocation of NF-KappaB p65?p50 heterodimer and IRF3 as well as IRF7 into the nucleus to activate downstream genes that encode alpha- and beta-interferon.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
m81*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 These events relay the signal through activation and translocation of NF-KappaB p65?p50 heterodimer and IRF3 as well as IRF7 into the nucleus to activate downstream genes that encode alpha- and beta-interferon.
p57
p57
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
m16530*m4645*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,10623794 In macrophages, HSP60 induces the production of NO and TNFalpha via TLR4
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
p59
p59
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
stoichiometry:c327 : 1
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
m93309*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,10623794 In macrophages, HSP60 induces the production of NO and TNFalpha via TLR4 PMID: 18161744,17321471,16339566 Treatment of macrophages with an agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits TNF production, whereas agonists of A2BR increase IL-10 production by a post-translational mechanism
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
m15*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,17056597,17569869 Lipid A engagement results in activation of both MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent (MyD88-independent) signalling events, whereas monophosphoryl lipid A causes primarily activation of TRIF-mediated signalling pathways.
p60
p60
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
m16530*m5956*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,11842086 TLR4 is also critical for HSP70 induction of IL-12 production
p61
p61
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
m84*m93589*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
m16530*m85*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,11912201 Gp96- induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other co-stimulation factors from bone marrowderived DCs is also dependent on TLR4 but it may also involve TLR2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
m85*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,11912201 Gp96- induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other co-stimulation factors from bone marrowderived DCs is also dependent on TLR4 but it may also involve TLR2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
stoichiometry:c345 : 1
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
m88*m86*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,11912201 Gp96- induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other co-stimulation factors from bone marrowderived DCs is also dependent on TLR4 but it may also involve TLR2 PMID: 18161744,12401407 These monocytes express high levels of formyl-peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), which, when ligated, suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and removes damaged cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
stoichiometry:c346 : 1
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
m87*m88*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,11912201 Gp96- induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other co-stimulation factors from bone marrowderived DCs is also dependent on TLR4 but it may also involve TLR2 PMID: 18161744,12401407 These monocytes express high levels of formyl-peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), which, when ligated, suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and removes damaged cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
m90*m87*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,11912201 Gp96- induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other co-stimulation factors from bone marrowderived DCs is also dependent on TLR4 but it may also involve TLR2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
m90*m86*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,11912201 Gp96- induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other co-stimulation factors from bone marrowderived DCs is also dependent on TLR4 but it may also involve TLR2
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
m92*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 CD44 is the major cell surface receptor for hyaluronan, but recent evidence indicates that hyaluronan can also bind to and signal through TLR2 and TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
m92*m3964*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 CD44 is the major cell surface receptor for hyaluronan, but recent evidence indicates that hyaluronan can also bind to and signal through TLR2 and TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
m16530*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Lipid A and its two derivatives, monophosphoryl lipid A and lipid IVa, bind directly to MD-2.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
m92*m16535*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 CD44 is the major cell surface receptor for hyaluronan, but recent evidence indicates that hyaluronan can also bind to and signal through TLR2 and TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
m92*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 During tissue injury and/or inflammation, however, hyaluronan is progressively cleaved by a series of enzymatic reactions that yield hyaluronic acids of smaller sizes.
p72
p72
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
stoichiometry:c199 : 1
stoichiometry:c329 : 1
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
m93309*m3964*m97*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16025156 Biglycan acts on macrophages to produce TNFalpha and MIP-2 in a TLR2- and TLR4- dependent manner PMID: 18161744,17321471,16339566 Treatment of macrophages with an agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits TNF production, whereas agonists of A2BR increase IL-10 production by a post-translational mechanism
p72
p73
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
stoichiometry:c200 : 1
stoichiometry:c202 : 1
stoichiometry:c328 : 1
stoichiometry:c201 : 1
m93309*m97*m16535*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16025156 Biglycan acts on macrophages to produce TNFalpha and MIP-2 in a TLR2- and TLR4- dependent manner PMID: 18161744,17321471,16339566 Treatment of macrophages with an agonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibits TNF production, whereas agonists of A2BR increase IL-10 production by a post-translational mechanism
p74
p74
cso30:i:ME_DNABinding
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c203 : 1
stoichiometry:c204 : 1
stoichiometry:c205 : 1
m22603*m98*m99*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 These proteins bind to the minor groove of DNA with little sequence specificity and regulate many transcriptional events, primarily by increasing the binding affinity of transcription factors to their corresponding DNA binding sites via bending or distortion of the double helix.
p75
p75
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c206 : 1
stoichiometry:c244 : 1
stoichiometry:c208 : 1
m16535*m2341*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16267105 In fact FNEDA, as an endogenous ligand for TLR4, has been investigated as a potential adjuvant
p76
p76
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c209 : 1
stoichiometry:c210 : 1
stoichiometry:c211 : 1
m102*m4487*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,10521347 Beta-Defensins interact with CCR6 on the cell surface of both dendritic and T cells to bridge innate and adaptive immunity
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c212 : 1
stoichiometry:c213 : 1
m4923*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16513653 For example, human Beta-defensin 2 expression is dependent on NOD1, whereas Beta-defensin 3 expression is NOD1-independent but dependent on EGFR and the ERK pathway
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c214 : 1
stoichiometry:c215 : 1
m106*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16513653 For example, human Beta-defensin 2 expression is dependent on NOD1, whereas Beta-defensin 3 expression is NOD1-independent but dependent on EGFR and the ERK pathway
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c217 : 1
stoichiometry:c216 : 1
m107*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16513653 For example, human Beta-defensin 2 expression is dependent on NOD1, whereas Beta-defensin 3 expression is NOD1-independent but dependent on EGFR and the ERK pathway
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 NOD1 is encoded by the caspase-recruitment domain 4 (CARD4) gene, whereas NOD2 is encoded by the caspase-recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c218 : 1
stoichiometry:c219 : 1
stoichiometry:c250 : 1
m108*m109*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16473764 The receptors for Ox-LDL are in the scavenger receptor family, and include CD36 and a newly described family member termed lectinlike oxidized lipoprotein scavenger receptor (LOX- 1)
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c220 : 1
stoichiometry:c222 : 1
stoichiometry:c221 : 1
m110*m16535*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16244651 Hyaluronan fragments isolated from individuals with acute lung injuries can activate macrophages to produce chemokines in a TLR2- and TLR4-dependent fashion
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c223 : 1
stoichiometry:c225 : 1
stoichiometry:c224 : 1
m110*m3964*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16244651 Hyaluronan fragments isolated from individuals with acute lung injuries can activate macrophages to produce chemokines in a TLR2- and TLR4-dependent fashion
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c226 : 1
stoichiometry:c227 : 1
stoichiometry:c228 : 1
m115*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16267105 HMGB1 may either signal through multiple receptors or associate with multiple ligands to signal through different receptors. TLR4, TLR2 and TLR9 have all been reported to respond to HMGB1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c229 : 1
stoichiometry:c230 : 1
stoichiometry:c231 : 1
m115*m16535*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16267105 HMGB1 may either signal through multiple receptors or associate with multiple ligands to signal through different receptors. TLR4, TLR2 and TLR9 have all been reported to respond to HMGB1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c232 : 1
stoichiometry:c233 : 1
stoichiometry:c234 : 1
m115*m3964*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16267105 HMGB1 may either signal through multiple receptors or associate with multiple ligands to signal through different receptors. TLR4, TLR2 and TLR9 have all been reported to respond to HMGB1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c235 : 1
stoichiometry:c236 : 1
stoichiometry:c237 : 1
m115*m44154*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,15978523 The immunoglobulin ¡Æsuperfamily¡Ç member RAGE has also been reported to be a receptor for HMGB1
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c238 : 1
stoichiometry:c239 : 1
stoichiometry:c240 : 1
m120*m119*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Recently, Coyle and colleagues showed that class A CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and HMGB1 can form a complex.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c241 : 1
stoichiometry:c242 : 1
stoichiometry:c243 : 1
m121*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 The resultant complex induced association of TLR9 and RAGE to activate plasmacytoid DCs to produce IFNalpha
p89
p89
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c245 : 1
stoichiometry:c246 : 1
stoichiometry:c207 : 1
m2341*m16535*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Recombinant Fn-EDA, but not other domains of fibronectin, was demonstrated to induce MMP-9 expression from human macrophages via TLR4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m94151*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 NOD1 is encoded by the caspase-recruitment domain 4 (CARD4) gene, whereas NOD2 is encoded by the caspase-recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene.
p90
p90
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c247 : 1
stoichiometry:c248 : 1
stoichiometry:c249 : 1
m2341*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Fn- EDA also activates NF-KappaB in macrophages.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c251 : 1
stoichiometry:c252 : 1
stoichiometry:c253 : 1
m108*m123*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16473764 The receptors for Ox-LDL are in the scavenger receptor family, and include CD36 and a newly described family member termed lectinlike oxidized lipoprotein scavenger receptor (LOX- 1)
p92
p92
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c254 : 1
stoichiometry:c256 : 1
stoichiometry:c257 : 1
stoichiometry:c255 : 1
m93364*m125*m16530*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Extracellular ATP appears to be required for LPS-induced production of IL-1beta and IL-18 from macrophages.
p92
p93
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c258 : 1
stoichiometry:c260 : 1
stoichiometry:c261 : 1
stoichiometry:c259 : 1
m126*m125*m16530*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 Extracellular ATP appears to be required for LPS-induced production of IL-1beta and IL-18 from macrophages.
p94
p94
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c263 : 1
stoichiometry:c262 : 1
m230*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 It has been reported that NALP3 gene expression in primary human monocytes is induced by TNF¦Á and TLR ligands.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c264 : 1
stoichiometry:c265 : 1
m128*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744 It has been reported that NALP3 gene expression in primary human monocytes is induced by TNF¦Á and TLR ligands.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c266 : 1
stoichiometry:c267 : 1
stoichiometry:c268 : 1
m129*m130*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16407890 In addition to ATP, other molecules have the potential to interact with NALP3, including nigericin, maitotoxin, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and RNA released from dying cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c269 : 1
stoichiometry:c270 : 1
stoichiometry:c271 : 1
m132*m129*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16407890 In addition to ATP, other molecules have the potential to interact with NALP3, including nigericin, maitotoxin, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and RNA released from dying cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c272 : 1
stoichiometry:c273 : 1
stoichiometry:c274 : 1
m129*m134*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16407890 In addition to ATP, other molecules have the potential to interact with NALP3, including nigericin, maitotoxin, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and RNA released from dying cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c275 : 1
stoichiometry:c276 : 1
stoichiometry:c277 : 1
m129*m136*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18161744,16407890 In addition to ATP, other molecules have the potential to interact with NALP3, including nigericin, maitotoxin, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and RNA released from dying cells
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputInhibitor
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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cso30:c:OutputProcess
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cso30:c:InputAssociation
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--