_enti_e7
_enti_e8
_enti_e9
_enti_e1
_enti_e10
_enti_e2
_enti_e3
_enti_e4
_enti_e55
_enti_e59
_enti_e53
_enti_e50
_enti_e51
_enti_e56
_enti_e54
_enti_e52
_enti_e57
_enti_e61
_enti_e58
_enti_e60
_enti_e62
g1_fact_g1
g1_fact_g14
g2_fact_g12
g2_fact_g13
p1_propro_p1
PMID: 18385818,9280142,9227444
Our studies in the experimental human model showed for the first time that the production of IFN-gamma was decreased, whereas the production of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 was not affected due to zinc deficiency
c1 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c3 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c2 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p2_propro_p2
PMID: 18385818
IFN- gamma is the major component of the Th1 response panel, and it upregulates major histocompatibility complex class I antigen expression.
c4 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c5 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p3_propro_p3
PMID: 18385818
Because zinc deficiency affects IL-2 production and T-cell activation adversely, we have investigated the role of zinc on NF-KappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) activation in HUT-78, a T helper 0 (Th0) human malignant lymphoblastoid cell line.
c6 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c7 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p4_propro_p4
PMID: 18385818,11574819
We showed for the first time that, in zinc deficient HUT-78 cells, the activation of NF-KappaB was affected adversely
c9 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c10 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c11 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p5_propro_p5
PMID: 18385818
Zinc deficiency caused a 60percent decrease in phosphorylated IKappaB-alpha in non-stimulated and 40percent decrease in phorbol-12 myristate 13 acetate (PMA)/phytohemagglutinin-p (PHA-p)stimulated cells, compared with zinc-sufficient cells
PMID: 18385818,11574819
We showed that the phosphorylation of IKappaB and IKK, translocation of NF-KappaB, and its binding to DNA in HUT-78 cells were all zinc dependent
c12 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c13 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c14 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p5_propro_p6
PMID: 18385818
Zinc deficiency caused a 60percent decrease in phosphorylated IKappaB-alpha in non-stimulated and 40percent decrease in phorbol-12 myristate 13 acetate (PMA)/phytohemagglutinin-p (PHA-p)stimulated cells, compared with zinc-sufficient cells
PMID: 18385818,11574819
We showed that the phosphorylation of IKappaB and IKK, translocation of NF-KappaB, and its binding to DNA in HUT-78 cells were all zinc dependent
c15 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c16 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c18 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c17 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p5_propro_p7
PMID: 18385818
Zinc deficiency caused a 60percent decrease in phosphorylated IKappaB-alpha in non-stimulated and 40percent decrease in phorbol-12 myristate 13 acetate (PMA)/phytohemagglutinin-p (PHA-p)stimulated cells, compared with zinc-sufficient cells
PMID: 18385818,11574819
We showed that the phosphorylation of IKappaB and IKK, translocation of NF-KappaB, and its binding to DNA in HUT-78 cells were all zinc dependent
c19 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c20 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c21 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c22 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p8_propro_p8
PMID: 18385818
Zinc deficiency decreased IKK- alpha in PMA/PHA-pstimulated cells by 30percent in comparison to zinc-sufficient cells.
PMID: 18385818,11574819
We showed that the phosphorylation of IKappaB and IKK, translocation of NF-KappaB, and its binding to DNA in HUT-78 cells were all zinc dependent
c23 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c24 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c28 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c25 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p8_propro_p9
PMID: 18385818
Zinc deficiency decreased IKK- alpha in PMA/PHA-pstimulated cells by 30percent in comparison to zinc-sufficient cells.
PMID: 18385818,11574819
We showed that the phosphorylation of IKappaB and IKK, translocation of NF-KappaB, and its binding to DNA in HUT-78 cells were all zinc dependent
c26 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c29 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c30 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c27 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p10_propro_p10
PMID: 18385818,11574819
Zinc deficiency caused a 50% reduction of ubiquitinated IKappaB-alpha after PMA/PHA-p stimulation
c31 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c33 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c34 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c32 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p10_propro_p11
PMID: 18385818,11574819
Zinc deficiency caused a 50% reduction of ubiquitinated IKappaB-alpha after PMA/PHA-p stimulation
c35 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c36 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c37 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p12_propro_p12
PMID: 18385818,11574819
We showed that the phosphorylation of IKappaB and IKK, translocation of NF-KappaB, and its binding to DNA in HUT-78 cells were all zinc dependent
c38 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c39 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p13_propro_p13
PMID: 18385818,11574819
We showed that the phosphorylation of IKappaB and IKK, translocation of NF-KappaB, and its binding to DNA in HUT-78 cells were all zinc dependent
c40 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c41 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c42 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p14_propro_p14
PMID: 18385818,11574819
We showed that the phosphorylation of IKappaB and IKK, translocation of NF-KappaB, and its binding to DNA in HUT-78 cells were all zinc dependent
c43 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c44 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p15_propro_p15
PMID: 18385818
The NADPH oxidases are a group of plasma membrane associated enzymes, which catalyze the production of O2. from oxygen by using NADPH as the electron donor.
PMID: 18385818
Zinc is an inhibitor of this enzyme
c45 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c46 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c48 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c47 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p16_propro_p16
PMID: 18385818
Zinc is known to induce the production of metallothionein, which is very rich in cysteine, and is an excellent scavenger of .OH
c49 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c50 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p17_propro_p17
PMID: 18385818
Iron and copper ions catalyze the production of .OH from H2O2.
PMID: 18385818
Zinc is known to compete with both iron and copper for binding to cell membrane, thus decreasing the production of .OH
c51 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c53 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c54 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c55 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c52 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p18_propro_p18
PMID: 18385818,3500253,2824615
A few investigators have reported that inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-1beta, generated by activated monocytes-macrophages, also are known to produce increased amounts of ROS
c56 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c57 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p18_propro_p19
PMID: 18385818,3500253,2824615
A few investigators have reported that inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-1beta, generated by activated monocytes-macrophages, also are known to produce increased amounts of ROS
c58 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c59 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p20_propro_p20
PMID: 18385818,2118515,1381359,9928991,8557994,
One such inhibitor of NF-KappaB activation is A20, a zinc finger-transactivating factor which also binds to DNA, producing the A20 protein which inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-KappaB activation
c60 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c61 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c69 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c62 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p21_propro_p21
PMID: 18385818, 2118515,1381359,9928991,8557994
A20 plays an important role in reducing IL-1beta- and TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation
c64 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c65 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c70 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c66 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p22_propro_p22
PMID: 18385818, 2118515,1381359,9928991,8557994,
One such inhibitor of NF-KappaB activation is A20, a zinc finger-transactivating factor which also binds to DNA, producing the A20 protein which inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-KappaB activation.
PMID: 18385818,15451058
In addition, we provided evidence to show that, in the human pro-myelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 which differentiates to the monocyte-macrophage phenotype by PMA, zinc increased the expression of A20 and the binding of A20 transactivating factor to DNA, thereby enhancing inhibition of induced NF-KappaB activation
c63 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c67 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c75 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c68 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p23_propro_p23
PMID: 18385818
Our data showed that zinc supplementation to normal healthy subjects inhibits the induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA in MNCs
c72 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c71 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p23_propro_p24
PMID: 18385818
Our data showed that zinc supplementation to normal healthy subjects inhibits the induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA in MNCs
c74 cso30:c:InputInhibitor connector
c73 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p25_propro_p25
PMID: 18385818,15451058
In addition, we provided evidence to show that, in the human pro-myelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 which differentiates to the monocyte-macrophage phenotype by PMA, zinc increased the expression of A20 and the binding of A20 transactivating factor to DNA, thereby enhancing inhibition of induced NF-KappaB activation
c76 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c77 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p26_propro_p26
PMID: 18385818,8557994
A20 is expressed in various types of cells in response to a number of stimuli such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, LPS (lipopolysaccharide), PMA, Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein, as well as other stimuli
c78 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c79 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p26_propro_p27
PMID: 18385818,8557994
A20 is expressed in various types of cells in response to a number of stimuli such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, LPS (lipopolysaccharide), PMA, Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein, as well as other stimuli
c80 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c81 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p26_propro_p28
PMID: 18385818,8557994
A20 is expressed in various types of cells in response to a number of stimuli such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, LPS (lipopolysaccharide), PMA, Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein, as well as other stimuli
c82 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c83 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p25_propro_p29
PMID: 18385818,15451058
In addition, we provided evidence to show that, in the human pro-myelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 which differentiates to the monocyte-macrophage phenotype by PMA, zinc increased the expression of A20 and the binding of A20 transactivating factor to DNA, thereby enhancing inhibition of induced NF-KappaB activation
c84 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c85 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p25_propro_p30
PMID: 18385818,15451058
In addition, we provided evidence to show that, in the human pro-myelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 which differentiates to the monocyte-macrophage phenotype by PMA, zinc increased the expression of A20 and the binding of A20 transactivating factor to DNA, thereby enhancing inhibition of induced NF-KappaB activation
c86 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c87 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p31_propro_p31
PMID: 18385818
Thymulin binds to high-affinity receptors on T cells, induces several T-cell markers, and promotes T-cell function, including allogenic cytotoxicity, suppressor functions, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production.
c88 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c89 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c90 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p32_propro_p32
PMID: 18385818
Thymulin binds to high-affinity receptors on T cells, induces several T-cell markers, and promotes T-cell function, including allogenic cytotoxicity, suppressor functions, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production.
c91 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c92 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p33_propro_p33
PMID: 18385818
Thymulin binds to high-affinity receptors on T cells, induces several T-cell markers, and promotes T-cell function, including allogenic cytotoxicity, suppressor functions, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production.
c93 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c95 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c94 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p34_propro_p34
PMID: 18385818
The dismutation of O2.to H2O2 is catalyzed by an enzyme super oxide dismutase (SOD), which contains both copper and zinc.
c96 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c97 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
c98 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p35_propro_p35
PMID: 18385818,7548205
IL-2 also is involved in the differentiation of thymocytes, peripheral T- and B-lymphocytes and other cells of hematopoietic origin
c99 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c100 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
p35_propro_p36
PMID: 18385818,7548205
IL-2 also is involved in the differentiation of thymocytes, peripheral T- and B-lymphocytes and other cells of hematopoietic origin
c101 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c102 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
p35_propro_p37
PMID: 18385818,7548205
IL-2 also is involved in the differentiation of thymocytes, peripheral T- and B-lymphocytes and other cells of hematopoietic origin
c103 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c104 cso30:c:InputProcess connector
p38_propro_p38
PMID: 18385818,12389026
Following PMA/PHA-p stimulation, the IL-2 production and IL-2 mRNA were significantly greater in zinc-sufficient cells in comparison to the zinc-deficient cells
c105 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c107 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c106 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p38_propro_p39
PMID: 18385818,12389026
Following PMA/PHA-p stimulation, the IL-2 production and IL-2 mRNA were significantly greater in zinc-sufficient cells in comparison to the zinc-deficient cells
c8 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c108 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c109 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p40_propro_p40
PMID: 18385818,12389026
Similar results were seen for soluble IL-2 receptor alpha (soluble IL-2Ralpha) production and gene expression
c110 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c111 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p41_propro_p41
c112 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c114 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c113 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p41_propro_p42
c116 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c117 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c115 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
p43_propro_p43
PMID: 18385818,9619918,2785715
Induction of IL-2Ralphagene expression also is mediated by the induced nuclear expression of NF-KappaB
c119 cso30:c:InputAssociation connector
c118 cso30:c:OutputProcess connector
Zinc_enti_e5
Zn
Zinc
IFN-gamma_enti_G010453
IFN-gamma
IFNgamma_enti_MO000016665
IFNgamma
MHC class I_enti_e6
MHC class I
IL-2_enti_G010229
IL-2
IL-2_enti_MO000017061
IL-2
NF-kappaB_enti_MO000000058
NF-kappaB
NF-kappaB{active}_enti_e11
NF-kappaB{active}
IkappaB-alpha_enti_MO000000233
IkappaB-alpha
IkappaB-alpha{p}_enti_e12
IkappaB-alpha{p}
PMA_enti_e13
PMA
PHA-p_enti_e14
PHA-p
IKK-alpha_enti_MO000000210
IKK-alpha
IKK-alpha{p}_enti_e15
IKK-alpha{p}
IkappaB-alpha{ub}_enti_e16
IkappaB-alpha{ub}
NF-kappaB{active}_enti_e17
NF-kappaB{active}
DNA_enti_e18
DNA
NF-KappaB{active}:DNA_enti_e19
NF-KappaB{active}:DNA
p105_enti_e20
p105
NADPH oxidase_enti_MO000021432
NADPH oxidase
O2_enti_e21
O2
O2-_enti_e22
O2-
Metallothionein_enti_e23
Metallothionein
Hydroxyl group_enti_e24
Hydroxyl group
Iron_enti_e25
Fe
Iron
H2O2_enti_e26
H2O2
Copper_enti_e27
Cu
Copper
TNF-alpha_enti_MO000000289
TNF-alpha
ROS_enti_e28
ROS
IL-1beta_enti_MO000016597
IL-1beta
A20_enti_MO000016591
A20
A20:DNA_enti_e29
A20:DNA
TNF-alpha_enti_G010329
TNF-alpha
IL-1beta_enti_G010389
IL-1beta
A20_enti_G010405
A20
LPS_enti_MO000016882
LPS
Epstein Barr protein_enti_e30
Epstein Barr protein
High affinity receptors_enti_e32
High affinity receptors
Thymulin_enti_e31
Thymulin
Thymulin:High affinity receptors_enti_e33
Thymulin:High affinity receptors
T-cell marker_enti_e34
T-cell marker
Super oxide dismutase_enti_e35
Super oxide dismutase
Thymocytes_enti_e36
Thymocytes
peripheral T-lymphocytes_enti_e37
peripheral T-lymphocytes
Peripheral B-lymphocytes_enti_e38
Peripheral B-lymphocytes
IL-2Ralpha_enti_G010230
IL-2Ralpha
IL-2Ralpha_enti_MO000017214
IL-2Ralpha