Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: sensing nucleic acids in viral infection andautoimmune diseases.
Affiliation
Department of Immunology and Center of Cancer Immunology Research, TheUniversity of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are important mediators of antiviralimmunity through their ability to produce large amounts of type I interferons(IFNs) on viral infection. This function of pDCs is linked to their expressionof Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9, which sense viral nucleic acids withinthe early endosomes. Exclusion of self nucleic acids from TLR-containing earlyendosomes normally prevents pDC responses to them. However, in some autoimmunediseases, self nucleic acids can be modified by host factors and gain entranceto pDC endosomes, where they activate TLR signalling. Several pDC receptorsnegatively regulate type I IFN responses by pDCs during viral infection and fornormal homeostasis.
PMID
18641647
|
Entity
Process
csml-variable:Double
m93228
10
infinite
0
--
TNF-alpha
--
G010329
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m93309
10
infinite
0
TRANSFAC | G010329 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m93612
10
infinite
0
--
PI3K
--
MO000000030
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000030 |
--
MAPKs
--
MO000000077
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000077 |
--
IKK-alpha
--
MO000000210
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m181
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000210 |
--
TRAF6
--
MO000000212
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m183
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001841 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000212 |
--
IRAK
--
MO000000213
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m184
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000213 |
--
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha{p}
--
MO000000254
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m208
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000254 |
--
TNF-alpha
--
MO000000289
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m230
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003636 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000289 |
--
LL37
--
MO000000311
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m230108
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000311 |
--
Btk
--
MO000001935
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m367
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001452 |
TRANSPATH | MO000001935 |
--
IRF-3
--
MO000007694
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m977
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
IRF-5
--
MO000007700
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m979
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007700 |
--
MyD88
--
MO000016573
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1572
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016573 |
--
TAK1
--
MO000016574
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1573
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016574 |
--
p50:RelA-p65{activated}
--
MO000016632
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1617
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016632 |
--
IFN Type I
--
MO000016658
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1634
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016658 |
--
IFNalpha1
--
MO000016659
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1635
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000471 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016659 |
--
IFNbeta
--
MO000016660
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1636
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000471 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016660 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m155666
10
infinite
0
--
TRAF3
--
MO000016963
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1872
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001841 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016963 |
--
TLR3
--
MO000019398
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m3965
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019398 |
--
p50:RelA-p65:IkappaB-alpha
--
MO000038724
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m16910
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000038724 |
--
IRAK-4
--
MO000039077
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m17258
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000039077 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF
--
MO000041437
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19305
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041437 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
MO000041446
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19314
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041446 |
--
IRF-3{p}
--
MO000041456
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19324
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
--
IRF-7{p}
--
MO000041457
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19325
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041457 |
--
TLR8
--
MO000042007
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19823
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000042007 |
--
TLR9
--
MO000042012
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19828
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000042012 |
--
TLR7
--
MO000042126
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19940
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000042126 |
--
RNASEL{activated}
--
MO000061281
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m36179
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000061281 |
--
OPN
--
MO000061307
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m36205
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000061307 |
--
MAL
--
MO000068831
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m43675
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000068831 |
--
IPS1
--
MO000094908
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m68199
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000094908 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
p50:RelA-p65{activated}
--
e100
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m102
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016632 |
--
dsRNA: DAI
--
e101
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m103
0
infinite
0
--
TBK1{activated}
--
e102
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m104
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000019331 |
--
IFN Type I
--
e103
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m105
0
infinite
0
--
5'-triphosphate
--
e105
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m107
0
infinite
0
--
self RNA
--
e106
cso30:c:Rna
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m108
0
infinite
0
--
2', 5'--linked oligoadenylate
--
e108
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m110
0
infinite
0
--
small RNA cleavage products
--
e109
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m111
0
infinite
0
--
--
e11
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
IFNAR
--
e110
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m112
0
infinite
0
--
IFN beta: IFNAR
--
e112
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m114
0
infinite
0
--
MyD88: IRF-5
--
e113
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m115
0
infinite
0
--
MyD88: IRF-4
--
e114
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m116
0
infinite
0
--
UNC93B
--
e115
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
csml-variable:Double
m117
0
infinite
0
--
TLR3: UNC93B: gp96
--
e116
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m118
0
infinite
0
--
TLR7: UNC93B: gp96
--
e117
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m119
0
infinite
0
--
TLR9: UNC93B: gp96
--
e118
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m120
0
infinite
0
--
gp96
--
e119
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m121
0
infinite
0
--
TLR4
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
A type CpG ODN: TLR9
--
e120
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m122
0
infinite
0
--
Type B CpG ODN: TLR9
--
e121
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
csml-variable:Double
m123
0
infinite
0
--
A type CpG ODN: TLR9: MyD88
--
e122
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m124
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK-4: TRAF6
--
e123
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m125
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK-4: TRAF6{activated}
--
e124
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m126
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK-1: TRAF3: OPN: IRF-7
--
e125
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m127
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK-1: TRAF3: OPN: IRF-7
--
e126
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m128
0
infinite
0
--
IFNL
--
e127
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m129
0
infinite
0
--
IFNW1
--
e128
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m130
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK4:TRAF6: BTK
--
e129
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m131
0
infinite
0
--
TLR5
--
e13
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK4:TRAF6: BTK
--
e130
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m132
0
infinite
0
--
Type B CpG ODN: TLR9: MyD88
--
e131
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m133
0
infinite
0
--
self DNA
--
e132
cso30:c:Dna
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m134
0
infinite
0
--
LL37: self DNA
--
e133
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m135
0
infinite
0
--
HMGB1
--
e134
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m136
0
infinite
0
--
LL37: self DNA: HMGB1
--
e135
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m137
0
infinite
0
--
RAGE
--
e136
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m138
0
infinite
0
--
LL37: self DNA: HMGB1: RAGE
--
e137
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m139
0
infinite
0
--
LL37: self DNA: HMGB1: TLR9
--
e138
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m140
0
infinite
0
--
LL37: self DNA: HMGB1: TLR9: MyD88
--
e139
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
csml-variable:Double
m141
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4
--
e14
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
LL37: self DNA: HMGB1
--
e140
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m142
0
infinite
0
--
DNA-specific IgG antibody
--
e141
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m143
0
infinite
0
--
LL37: self DNA: HMGB1: DNA-specific IgG antibody
--
e142
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m144
0
infinite
0
--
FCgammaRIIA
--
e143
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m145
0
infinite
0
--
LL37: self DNA: HMGB1: DNA-specific IgG antibody: FCgammaRIIA
--
e144
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m146
0
infinite
0
--
LL37: self DNA: HMGB1: DNA-specific IgG antibody: TLR9
--
e145
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m147
0
infinite
0
--
snRNA
--
e146
cso30:c:RnaOther
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m148
0
infinite
0
--
snRNA: TLR7
--
e147
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m149
0
infinite
0
--
auto-antibody
--
e148
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m150
0
infinite
0
--
BDCA2ligand: BDCA2
--
e149
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m151
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin: TLR5
--
e15
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
ILT7 ligand: ILT7
--
e150
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m152
0
infinite
0
--
BDCA2ligand: BDCA2: IgE: FCepsilonRIgamma
--
e151
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m153
0
infinite
0
--
IgE: FCepsilonRIgamma
--
e152
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m154
0
infinite
0
--
ILT7 ligand: ILT7: IgE: FCepsilonRIgamma
--
e153
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m155
0
infinite
0
--
ligand: DAP12
--
e154
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m156
0
infinite
0
--
ligand: NKp44
--
e155
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m157
0
infinite
0
--
ligand: Siglec-H
--
e156
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m158
0
infinite
0
--
ligand: NKp44: ligand: DAP12
--
e157
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m159
0
infinite
0
--
ligand: Siglec-H: ligand: DAP12
--
e158
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m160
0
infinite
0
--
PTKs
--
e159
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m161
0
infinite
0
--
flagellin
--
e16
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
PTKs{activated}
--
e160
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m162
0
infinite
0
--
Syk{activated}
--
e161
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m163
0
infinite
0
--
Syk
--
e162
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m164
0
infinite
0
--
BLNK: BCAP
--
e163
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m165
0
infinite
0
--
BLNK: BCAP{activated}
--
e164
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m166
0
infinite
0
--
FcgammaRIIA
--
e165
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m167
0
infinite
0
--
PDC-TREM: plexin A1
--
e166
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m168
0
infinite
0
--
semaphorin 6D
--
e167
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m169
0
infinite
0
--
semaphorin 6D: PDC-TREM: plexin A1
--
e168
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m170
0
infinite
0
--
PI3K{activated}
--
e169
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m171
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000030 |
--
Lp
--
e17
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
ERK1
--
e170
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m172
0
infinite
0
--
ERK2
--
e171
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m173
0
infinite
0
--
ERK1{activated}
--
e172
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m174
0
infinite
0
--
ERK2{activated}
--
e173
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m175
0
infinite
0
--
PDC-TREM
--
e174
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m176
0
infinite
0
--
plexin A1
--
e175
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m177
0
infinite
0
--
nucleortide: P2Y
--
e176
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m178
0
infinite
0
--
ADP
--
e177
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m179
0
infinite
0
--
P2Y
--
e178
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m180
0
infinite
0
--
ligand: BCR
--
e179
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m182
0
infinite
0
--
TLR1: TLR2
--
e18
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
ligand: BCR{activated}
--
e180
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m185
0
infinite
0
--
self RNA
--
e181
cso30:c:Rna
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m186
0
infinite
0
--
self RNA: TLR7
--
e182
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m187
0
infinite
0
--
IL-12
--
e183
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m188
0
infinite
0
--
IL-12
--
e184
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m189
0
infinite
0
--
IFN-gamma
--
e185
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m190
0
infinite
0
--
IFN-gamma
--
e186
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m191
0
infinite
0
--
antibody
--
e187
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m192
0
infinite
0
--
antibody
--
e188
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m193
0
infinite
0
--
Lp: TLR1: TLR2
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
TLR6: TLR2
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
PGN: TLR6: TLR2
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA
--
e23
cso30:c:Rna
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR7
--
e24
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR8
--
e25
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9
--
e26
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
imiquimod
--
e27
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
imidazoquinoline: TLR7
--
e28
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
imidazoquinoline: TLR8
--
e29
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
R-848
--
e30
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
R-848: TLR8
--
e31
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
R-848: TLR7
--
e32
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
guanosine analogues
--
e33
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
guanosine analogues: TLR7
--
e34
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
guanosine analogues: TLR8
--
e35
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
CpG ODN: TLR9
--
e37
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL
--
e38
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL: MyD88
--
e39
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM
--
e40
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM: TRIF
--
e41
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
Lp: TLR1: TLR2: MAL
--
e42
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
Lp: TLR1: TLR2: MAL: MyD88
--
e43
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
poly I:C: TLR3
--
e44
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
Poly I:C: TLR3
--
e45
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR7: MyD88
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR8: MyD88
--
e47
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9: MyD88
--
e48
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR7: MyD88: IRAK-1: IRAK-4: TRAF6: BTK
--
e49
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
--
e5
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
--
e6
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
ssRNA: TLR8: MyD88: IRAK-1: IRAK-4: TRAF6: BTK
--
e63
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
CpG DNA: TLR9: MyD88: IRAK-1: IRAK-4: TRAF6: BTK
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
0
infinite
0
--
MAPKs{activated}
--
e65
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000077 |
--
IRAK-1: IRAK4:TRAF6: BTK: IRF-7
--
e66
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m66
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK-1: IRAK4:TRAF6: BTK: IRF-7{ub}
--
e67
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK1: IRF-7{ub}: TRAF3: TABK1: IKK-alpha: OPN: PI3K
--
e68
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m70
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
IRAK-1: TRAF6: BTK
--
e70
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m71
0
infinite
0
--
TAK1{activated}
--
e71
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m74
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016574 |
--
IRAK-1: IRAK4:TRAF6: BTK{activated}
--
e72
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
IRF-5{activated}
--
e73
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007700 |
--
IRF-7{ub}{p}
--
e74
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m76
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041457 |
--
IFNL
--
e75
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
0
infinite
0
--
TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i
--
e76
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
0
infinite
0
--
p50:RelA-p65{activated}
--
e77
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000016632 |
--
TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i{activated}
--
e78
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
0
infinite
0
--
RIG-1
--
e79
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m81
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA
--
e80
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m82
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000022224 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m83
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: MDA-5
--
e82
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m84
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: LGP2
--
e83
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m85
0
infinite
0
--
LGP2
--
e84
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m86
0
infinite
0
--
--
e85
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m87
0
infinite
0
--
--
e86
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m88
0
infinite
0
--
--
e87
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m89
0
infinite
0
--
--
e88
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialIntermembraneSpace
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m90
0
infinite
0
--
--
e89
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m91
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
--
e90
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m92
0
infinite
0
--
--
e91
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialMatrix
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m93
0
infinite
0
--
--
e92
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Mitochondria
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m94
0
infinite
0
--
--
e93
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_MitochondrialOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m95
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: RIG-1: IPS1
--
e94
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m96
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: MDA-5: IPS1
--
e95
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m97
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: LGP2: IPS1
--
e96
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m98
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: RIG1: IPS1: TRAF3: TBK1: IKK-i
--
e97
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m99
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m100
0
infinite
0
--
FADD: caspase-8{activated}
--
e99
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m101
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m155666*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 9237759, 11323673, 10364168 The leucine-rich repeats of the TLR ectodomains bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as the bacterial cell-wall component lipopolysaccharide (a ligand of TLR4), bacterial flagellin (a ligand of TLR5), and lipoprotein and peptidoglycan (which are recognized by TLR2 complexed with TLR1 or TLR6).
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
m30*m19940*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR7 and TLR8 respond to guanosine- or uridine-rich singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and the synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds imiquimod and R?848.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c293 : 1
stoichiometry:c294 : 1
stoichiometry:c292 : 1
m122*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c295 : 1
stoichiometry:c297 : 1
stoichiometry:c296 : 1
m125*m124*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production.
p102
p102
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c298 : 1
stoichiometry:c300 : 1
stoichiometry:c299 : 1
m127*m126*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 Aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes are retained in the early endosomes of pDCs, and, similar to A-type CpG ODNs, they trigger the TLR9?MyD88?IRF7 pathway of type I IFN production without inducing pDC maturation.
p103
p103
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c301 : 1
stoichiometry:c302 : 1
stoichiometry:c303 : 1
stoichiometry:c304 : 1
stoichiometry:c305 : 1
m128*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 Aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes are retained in the early endosomes of pDCs, and, similar to A-type CpG ODNs, they trigger the TLR9?MyD88?IRF7 pathway of type I IFN production without inducing pDC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c306 : 1
stoichiometry:c438 : 1
stoichiometry:c281 : 1
m77*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Activation of the BCR-like signalling pathway in pDCs potently suppresses the activation of both TLR7 and TLR9, inhibiting the production of all type I IFNs, as well as TNF and IL?6.
p105
p105
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c307 : 1
stoichiometry:c395 : 1
stoichiometry:c440 : 1
stoichiometry:c308 : 1
m95135*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 This ITAM-mediated pathway potently inhibits type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine production by pDCs in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Activation of the BCR-like signalling pathway in pDCs potently suppresses the activation of both TLR7 and TLR9, inhibiting the production of all type I IFNs, as well as TNF and IL-6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c311 : 1
stoichiometry:c321 : 1
stoichiometry:c309 : 1
m131*m133*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15591070, 15815647, 16864658 Conversely, liposome or particle encapsidation of B-type CpG ODNs allows their retention in early endosomes and the subsequent induction of much higher levels of type I IFNs and lower levels of IL-6 and TNF and impaired pDC maturation, which supports the important link between the physical size of TLR9 ligands and their stimulatory capacity.
p107
p107
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c312 : 1
stoichiometry:c314 : 1
stoichiometry:c313 : 1
m1573*m132*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 This presumably activates a different set of signal mediators, particularly NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) and probably MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and IRF5, and thereby leads to distinct outcomes of pDC activation without high levels of IFN production.
p108
p108
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c317 : 1
stoichiometry:c396 : 1
stoichiometry:c441 : 1
stoichiometry:c315 : 1
m93309*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Interestingly, when A-type CpG ODNs are disrupted into monomeric structures, they fail to be retained in the early endosome and to induce high amounts of type I IFN production, but instead rapidly traffic to late endosomes and induce maturation and production of IL-6 and TNF. PMID: 18641647 This ITAM-mediated pathway potently inhibits type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine production by pDCs in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Activation of the BCR-like signalling pathway in pDCs potently suppresses the activation of both TLR7 and TLR9, inhibiting the production of all type I IFNs, as well as TNF and IL-6.
p109
p109
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c318 : 1
stoichiometry:c397 : 1
stoichiometry:c442 : 1
stoichiometry:c316 : 1
m93248*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Interestingly, when A-type CpG ODNs are disrupted into monomeric structures, they fail to be retained in the early endosome and to induce high amounts of type I IFN production, but instead rapidly traffic to late endosomes and induce maturation and production of IL-6 and TNF. PMID: 18641647 This ITAM-mediated pathway potently inhibits type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine production by pDCs in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Activation of the BCR-like signalling pathway in pDCs potently suppresses the activation of both TLR7 and TLR9, inhibiting the production of all type I IFNs, as well as TNF and IL-6.
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m30*m19823*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR7 and TLR8 respond to guanosine- or uridine-rich singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and the synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds imiquimod and R?848.
p110
p110
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c310 : 1
stoichiometry:c320 : 1
stoichiometry:c319 : 1
m123*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15591070, 15815647, 16864658 Conversely, liposome or particle encapsidation of B-type CpG ODNs allows their retention in early endosomes and the subsequent induction of much higher levels of type I IFNs and lower levels of IL-6 and TNF and impaired pDC maturation, which supports the important link between the physical size of TLR9 ligands and their stimulatory capacity.
p111
p111
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c322 : 1
stoichiometry:c324 : 1
stoichiometry:c323 : 1
m16910*m126*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Interestingly, when A-type CpG ODNs are disrupted into monomeric structures, they fail to be retained in the early endosome and to induce high amounts of type I IFN production, but instead rapidly traffic to late endosomes and induce maturation and production of IL-6 and TNF.
p112
p112
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c325 : 1
stoichiometry:c327 : 1
stoichiometry:c326 : 1
m979*m132*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 This presumably activates a different set of signal mediators, particularly NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) and probably MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and IRF5, and thereby leads to distinct outcomes of pDC activation without high levels of IFN production.
p113
p113
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c333 : 1
stoichiometry:c334 : 1
stoichiometry:c335 : 1
m1572*m140*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes are retained in the early endosomes of pDCs, and, similar to A-type CpG ODNs, they trigger the TLR9?MyD88?IRF7 pathway of type I IFN production without inducing pDC maturation.
p114
p114
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c336 : 1
stoichiometry:c338 : 1
stoichiometry:c337 : 1
m125*m141*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes are retained in the early endosomes of pDCs, and, similar to A-type CpG ODNs, they trigger the TLR9?MyD88?IRF7 pathway of type I IFN production without inducing pDC maturation.
p115
p115
cso30:i:ME_Translocation
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c289 : 1
stoichiometry:c339 : 1
m137*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 After internalization, the self-DNA?LL37?HMGB1 complex associates with TLR9 in early endosomes by engaging RAGE.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c341 : 1
stoichiometry:c342 : 1
stoichiometry:c343 : 1
m143*m137*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 DNA-specific IgG antibodies can bind self-DNA?LL37?HMGB1 complexes and potently enhance the internalization of the complex through FcgammaRIIA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c344 : 1
stoichiometry:c345 : 1
stoichiometry:c346 : 1
m144*m145*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 DNA-specific IgG antibodies can bind self-DNA?LL37?HMGB1 complexes and potently enhance the internalization of the complex through FcgammaRIIA.
p118
p118
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c347 : 1
stoichiometry:c348 : 1
stoichiometry:c349 : 1
stoichiometry:c350 : 1
m146*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
p119
p119
cso30:i:CE_CellDifferentiation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
PMID: 18641647, 11711679 The ongoing production of type I IFNs by pDCs in these patients induces an unabated activation and maturation of mDCs that stimulate autoreactive T cells.
p12
p12
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
m19940*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR7 and TLR8 respond to guanosine- or uridine-rich singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and the synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds imiquimod and R?848.
p120
p120
cso30:i:CE_CellDifferentiation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c352 : 1
stoichiometry:c353 : 1
m1634*m871*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 12932356 Furthermore, pDC-derived type I IFNs, together with IL-6, stimulate the differentiation of autoreactive B cells into autoantibody-secreting plasma cells.
p121
p121
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c354 : 1
stoichiometry:c355 : 1
stoichiometry:c360 : 1
stoichiometry:c356 : 1
m19940*m148*m150*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16330816 However, self-RNA molecules, in particular those rich in uridine or uridine and guanosine (U/UGRNA) and those in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), were shown to trigger pDCs to produce type I IFNs through TLR7 when delivered to endosomes by autoantibodies or liposomes.
p122
p122
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c357 : 1
stoichiometry:c359 : 1
stoichiometry:c391 : 1
stoichiometry:c443 : 1
stoichiometry:c358 : 1
m105*m149*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16330816 However, self-RNA molecules, in particular those rich in uridine or uridine and guanosine (U/UGRNA) and those in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), were shown to trigger pDCs to produce type I IFNs through TLR7 when delivered to endosomes by autoantibodies or liposomes. PMID: 18641647 This ITAM-mediated pathway potently inhibits type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine production by pDCs in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Activation of the BCR-like signalling pathway in pDCs potently suppresses the activation of both TLR7 and TLR9, inhibiting the production of all type I IFNs, as well as TNF and IL?6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c362 : 1
stoichiometry:c363 : 1
stoichiometry:c361 : 1
m151*m154*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Both BDCA2 and ILT7 associate with the ¦Ã?chain of the highaffinity Fc receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRIgamma) and activate pDCs through an immunoreceptor-based tyrosine activation motif (ITAM)-mediated signalling pathway.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c364 : 1
stoichiometry:c365 : 1
stoichiometry:c366 : 1
m152*m154*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Both BDCA2 and ILT7 associate with the ¦Ã?chain of the highaffinity Fc receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRIgamma) and activate pDCs through an immunoreceptor-based tyrosine activation motif (ITAM)-mediated signalling pathway.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c367 : 1
stoichiometry:c368 : 1
stoichiometry:c369 : 1
m157*m156*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15941912 Crosslinking of NKp44, a receptor that signals through the ITAM-bearing adaptor DAP12, inhibits IFNalpha production induced by CpG ODNs.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c370 : 1
stoichiometry:c371 : 1
stoichiometry:c372 : 1
m156*m158*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16293595 In mice, antibody crosslinking of Siglec-H (sialicacid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin H), another DAP12-associated receptor expressed by pDCs, reduces type I IFN production by pDCs in vitro and in vivo.
p127
p127
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c373 : 1
stoichiometry:c381 : 1
stoichiometry:c374 : 1
m161*m153*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 These receptor complexes or receptors with intrinsic ITAMs, such as FcgammaRIIA, signal through their ITAMs and activate a B-cell receptor (BCR)-like pathway that involves SRC family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) and the B-cell-specific adaptors BLNK (B-cell linker) and BCAP (B-cell adaptor protein).
p128
p128
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c375 : 1
stoichiometry:c382 : 1
stoichiometry:c376 : 1
m161*m155*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 These receptor complexes or receptors with intrinsic ITAMs, such as FcgammaRIIA, signal through their ITAMs and activate a B-cell receptor (BCR)-like pathway that involves SRC family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) and the B-cell-specific adaptors BLNK (B-cell linker) and BCAP (B-cell adaptor protein).
p129
p129
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c377 : 1
stoichiometry:c383 : 1
stoichiometry:c378 : 1
m161*m160*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 These receptor complexes or receptors with intrinsic ITAMs, such as FcgammaRIIA, signal through their ITAMs and activate a B-cell receptor (BCR)-like pathway that involves SRC family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) and the B-cell-specific adaptors BLNK (B-cell linker) and BCAP (B-cell adaptor protein).
p13
p13
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m19823*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR7 and TLR8 respond to guanosine- or uridine-rich singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and the synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds imiquimod and R?848.
p130
p130
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c379 : 1
stoichiometry:c384 : 1
stoichiometry:c380 : 1
m161*m159*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 These receptor complexes or receptors with intrinsic ITAMs, such as FcgammaRIIA, signal through their ITAMs and activate a B-cell receptor (BCR)-like pathway that involves SRC family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) and the B-cell-specific adaptors BLNK (B-cell linker) and BCAP (B-cell adaptor protein).
p131
p131
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c385 : 1
stoichiometry:c387 : 1
stoichiometry:c386 : 1
m164*m162*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 These receptor complexes or receptors with intrinsic ITAMs, such as FcgammaRIIA, signal through their ITAMs and activate a B-cell receptor (BCR)-like pathway that involves SRC family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) and the B-cell-specific adaptors BLNK (B-cell linker) and BCAP (B-cell adaptor protein).
p132
p132
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c388 : 1
stoichiometry:c390 : 1
stoichiometry:c389 : 1
m165*m163*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 These receptor complexes or receptors with intrinsic ITAMs, such as FcgammaRIIA, signal through their ITAMs and activate a B-cell receptor (BCR)-like pathway that involves SRC family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) and the B-cell-specific adaptors BLNK (B-cell linker) and BCAP (B-cell adaptor protein).
p133
p133
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c398 : 1
stoichiometry:c399 : 1
stoichiometry:c400 : 1
m167*m161*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 These receptor complexes or receptors with intrinsic ITAMs, such as FcgammaRIIA, signal through their ITAMs and activate a B-cell receptor (BCR)-like pathway that involves SRC family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) and the B-cell-specific adaptors BLNK (B-cell linker) and BCAP (B-cell adaptor protein).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c401 : 1
stoichiometry:c402 : 1
stoichiometry:c403 : 1
m169*m168*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 However, PDC-TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), a newly discovered pDC-specific transmembrane receptor that forms a complex with plexin A1, is activated by its endogenous ligand semaphorin 6D to induce DAP12-mediated activation of PI3K and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, which leads to enhanced levels of type I IFN production.
p135
p135
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c404 : 1
stoichiometry:c405 : 1
stoichiometry:c407 : 1
stoichiometry:c406 : 1
m170*m156*m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 However, PDC-TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), a newly discovered pDC-specific transmembrane receptor that forms a complex with plexin A1, is activated by its endogenous ligand semaphorin 6D to induce DAP12-mediated activation of PI3K and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, which leads to enhanced levels of type I IFN production.
p136
p136
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c408 : 1
stoichiometry:c412 : 1
stoichiometry:c414 : 1
stoichiometry:c409 : 1
m172*m170*m156*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 However, PDC-TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), a newly discovered pDC-specific transmembrane receptor that forms a complex with plexin A1, is activated by its endogenous ligand semaphorin 6D to induce DAP12-mediated activation of PI3K and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, which leads to enhanced levels of type I IFN production.
p137
p137
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c410 : 1
stoichiometry:c413 : 1
stoichiometry:c415 : 1
stoichiometry:c411 : 1
m173*m170*m156*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 However, PDC-TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), a newly discovered pDC-specific transmembrane receptor that forms a complex with plexin A1, is activated by its endogenous ligand semaphorin 6D to induce DAP12-mediated activation of PI3K and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, which leads to enhanced levels of type I IFN production.
p138
p138
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c417 : 1
stoichiometry:c418 : 1
stoichiometry:c419 : 1
stoichiometry:c420 : 1
stoichiometry:c416 : 1
m105*m174*m175*m171*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 However, PDC-TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), a newly discovered pDC-specific transmembrane receptor that forms a complex with plexin A1, is activated by its endogenous ligand semaphorin 6D to induce DAP12-mediated activation of PI3K and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, which leads to enhanced levels of type I IFN production.
p139
p139
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c421 : 1
stoichiometry:c422 : 1
stoichiometry:c423 : 1
m176*m177*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 However, PDC-TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), a newly discovered pDC-specific transmembrane receptor that forms a complex with plexin A1, is activated by its endogenous ligand semaphorin 6D to induce DAP12-mediated activation of PI3K and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, which leads to enhanced levels of type I IFN production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
m20*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17572678 Synthetic ODNs containing CpG dinucleotides can interact directly with the ectodomain of TLR9 and induce conformational changes40 that lead to downstream signalling activation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c425 : 1
stoichiometry:c426 : 1
stoichiometry:c427 : 1
m179*m180*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17993619 The nucleotides that bind to P2Y receptors are also known to be released and to accumulate at sites of cell stress and tissue damage.
p141
p141
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c428 : 1
stoichiometry:c430 : 1
stoichiometry:c429 : 1
m182*m186*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16330816, 16260486 These self-RNA and autoantibody complexes were also shown to activate autoreactive B cells through the B-cell receptor (BCR) and endosomal TLR7.
p142
p142
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c431 : 1
stoichiometry:c433 : 1
stoichiometry:c432 : 1
m19940*m186*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16330816, 16260486 These self-RNA and autoantibody complexes were also shown to activate autoreactive B cells through the B-cell receptor (BCR) and endosomal TLR7.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c445 : 1
stoichiometry:c446 : 1
stoichiometry:c444 : 1
m188*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 11160284 By contrast, myeloid DCs (mDCs) produced type I IFNs and interleukin?12 (IL-12) in response to polyI:C but not to CpG-containing DNA.
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c448 : 1
stoichiometry:c450 : 1
stoichiometry:c449 : 1
m191*m124*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 11160295, 14971051 Interestingly, at the same time, Klinman and colleagues classified CpG ODNs into two main groups: D-type (now known as A-type) CpG ODNs, which stimulate IFNgamma production by natural killer (NK) cells, and K-type (now known as B-type) CpG ODNs, which stimulate B-cell proliferation and B-cell IL-6 and antibody production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c451 : 1
stoichiometry:c453 : 1
stoichiometry:c452 : 1
m193*m133*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 11160295, 14971051 Interestingly, at the same time, Klinman and colleagues classified CpG ODNs into two main groups: D-type (now known as A-type) CpG ODNs, which stimulate IFNgamma production by natural killer (NK) cells, and K-type (now known as B-type) CpG ODNs, which stimulate B-cell proliferation and B-cell IL-6 and antibody production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m14*m43675*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15229469, 16675322 TLR4 signals through MyD88, TIRAP, TRIF and TRAM; and TLR2 uses both MyD88 and TIRAP.
p16
p16
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
m43675*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15229469, 16675322 TLR4 signals through MyD88, TIRAP, TRIF and TRAM; and TLR2 uses both MyD88 and TIRAP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m14*m19005*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15229469, 16675322 TLR4 signals through MyD88, TIRAP, TRIF and TRAM; and TLR2 uses both MyD88 and TIRAP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m40*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15229469, 16675322 TLR4 signals through MyD88, TIRAP, TRIF and TRAM; and TLR2 uses both MyD88 and TIRAP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
m43675*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15229469, 16675322 TLR4 signals through MyD88, TIRAP, TRIF and TRAM; and TLR2 uses both MyD88 and TIRAP.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
m13*m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 9237759, 11323673, 10364168 The leucine-rich repeats of the TLR ectodomains bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as the bacterial cell-wall component lipopolysaccharide (a ligand of TLR4), bacterial flagellin (a ligand of TLR5), and lipoprotein and peptidoglycan (which are recognized by TLR2 complexed with TLR1 or TLR6).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
m42*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15229469, 16675322 TLR4 signals through MyD88, TIRAP, TRIF and TRAM; and TLR2 uses both MyD88 and TIRAP.
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
m3965*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR3, which is localized in endosomes, recognizes viral dsRNA and its synthetic mimic polyI:C.
p22
p22
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
m3965*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR3, which is localized in endosomes, recognizes viral dsRNA and its synthetic mimic polyI:C.
p23
p23
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
m19314*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 12471095, 12855817 Indeed, TLR3 was shown to associate with TRIF and signal through IRF3, a key factor involved in IFNbeta production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
m1572*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Endosomal Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), TLR8 and TLR9 recognize RNA and DNA ligands, and signal through a key adaptor MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88) in the cytosol.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
m1572*m25*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Endosomal Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), TLR8 and TLR9 recognize RNA and DNA ligands, and signal through a key adaptor MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88) in the cytosol.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
m1572*m26*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Endosomal Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), TLR8 and TLR9 recognize RNA and DNA ligands, and signal through a key adaptor MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary-response gene 88) in the cytosol.
p27
p27
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
m184*m17258*m367*m183*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NF?kappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases).
p28
p28
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
m184*m17258*m183*m367*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NF?kappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases).
p29
p29
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
m184*m17258*m183*m367*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NF?kappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m17*m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 9237759, 11323673, 10364168 The leucine-rich repeats of the TLR ectodomains bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as the bacterial cell-wall component lipopolysaccharide (a ligand of TLR4), bacterial flagellin (a ligand of TLR5), and lipoprotein and peptidoglycan (which are recognized by TLR2 complexed with TLR1 or TLR6).
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
m68*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Most importantly, IRF7 is activated through TRAF3, IRAK1, IKKalpha (inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase alpha), osteopontin (OPN) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NF?kappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). PMID: 18641647, 15361868 IRF7 is activated through ubiquitylation by the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of TRAF6 (ref. 86) and phosphorylation by IRAK4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
m64*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin-1- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NFkappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
m67*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 The MyD88?TRAF6?IRAK4 complex then activates IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), TAK1 (transforming?growth-factor-beta-activated kinase 1), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IRF5 to propagate the downstream signals.
p33
p33
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
m16910*m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NF?kappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). PMID: 18641647 The MyD88?TRAF6?IRAK4 complex then activates IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), TAK1 (transforming?growth-factor-beta-activated kinase 1), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IRF5 to propagate the downstream signals. PMID: 18641647 TAK1 triggers the activation of NF?kappaB and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and, together with IRF5, leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. PMID: 18641647 This presumably activates a different set of signal mediators, particularly NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) and probably MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and IRF5, and thereby leads to distinct outcomes of pDC activation without high levels of IFN production.
p34
p34
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
m3902*m181*m1872*m70*m36205*m72*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Most importantly, IRF7 is activated through TRAF3, IRAK1, IKKalpha (inhibitor of NF-kappaB kinase alpha), osteopontin (OPN) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
p35
p35
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
m1573*m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 The MyD88?TRAF6?IRAK4 complex then activates IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), TAK1 (transforming?growth-factor-beta-activated kinase 1), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IRF5 to propagate the downstream signals.
p36
p36
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
m69*m74*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NF?kappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). PMID: 18641647 TAK1 triggers the activation of NF?kappaB and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and, together with IRF5, leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. PMID: 18641647 This presumably activates a different set of signal mediators, particularly NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) and probably MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and IRF5, and thereby leads to distinct outcomes of pDC activation without high levels of IFN production.
p37
p37
cso30:i:ME_ProteasomeDegradation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
m208*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NF?kappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). PMID: 18641647 TAK1 triggers the activation of NF?kappaB and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and, together with IRF5, leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. PMID: 18641647 The TLR3?TRIF signalling pathway also activates NF?kappaB and MAPKs and results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86). PMID: 18641647 Interestingly, when A-type CpG ODNs are disrupted into monomeric structures, they fail to be retained in the early endosome and to induce high amounts of type I IFN production, but instead rapidly traffic to late endosomes and induce maturation and production of IL-6 and TNF. PMID: 18641647 This presumably activates a different set of signal mediators, particularly NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) and probably MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and IRF5, and thereby leads to distinct outcomes of pDC activation without high levels of IFN production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c148 : 1
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
m76*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Following ubiquitylation and phosphorylation, IRF7 translocates to the nucleus and initiates the transcription of type I interferons (such as IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNlambda and IFNomega). PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 Aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes are retained in the early endosomes of pDCs, and, similar to A-type CpG ODNs, they trigger the TLR9?MyD88?IRF7 pathway of type I IFN production without inducing pDC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
m980*m73*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin-1- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NFkappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m21*m155701*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 9237759, 11323673, 10364168 The leucine-rich repeats of the TLR ectodomains bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as the bacterial cell-wall component lipopolysaccharide (a ligand of TLR4), bacterial flagellin (a ligand of TLR5), and lipoprotein and peptidoglycan (which are recognized by TLR2 complexed with TLR1 or TLR6).
p40
p40
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
m979*m71*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 The MyD88?TRAF6?IRAK4 complex then activates IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), TAK1 (transforming?growth-factor-beta-activated kinase 1), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IRF5 to propagate the downstream signals.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
m19325*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Following ubiquitylation and phosphorylation, IRF7 translocates to the nucleus and initiates the transcription of type I interferons (such as IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNlambda and IFNomega). PMID: 18641647 Aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes are retained in the early endosomes of pDCs, and, similar to A-type CpG ODNs, they trigger the TLR9?MyD88?IRF7 pathway of type I IFN production without inducing pDC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
m66*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15361868 IRF7 is activated through ubiquitylation by the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of TRAF6 (ref. 86) and phosphorylation by IRAK4.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
m76*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Following ubiquitylation and phosphorylation, IRF7 translocates to the nucleus and initiates the transcription of type I interferons (such as IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNlambda and IFNomega). PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 Aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes are retained in the early endosomes of pDCs, and, similar to A-type CpG ODNs, they trigger the TLR9?MyD88?IRF7 pathway of type I IFN production without inducing pDC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
m76*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Following ubiquitylation and phosphorylation, IRF7 translocates to the nucleus and initiates the transcription of type I interferons (such as IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNlambda and IFNomega). PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 Aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes are retained in the early endosomes of pDCs, and, similar to A-type CpG ODNs, they trigger the TLR9?MyD88?IRF7 pathway of type I IFN production without inducing pDC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 MyD88 in turn associates with a signal complex comprised of TRAF6 (tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor 6), BTK (Bruton¡Çs tyrosine kinase), IRAK4 (interleukin-1- receptor (IL-1R)-associated kinase 4) and IRAK1, which leads to the activation of IRF7 (interferon-regulatory factor 7), NFkappaB (nuclear factorkappaB) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c151 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
m76*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Following ubiquitylation and phosphorylation, IRF7 translocates to the nucleus and initiates the transcription of type I interferons (such as IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNlambda and IFNomega). PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 Aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes are retained in the early endosomes of pDCs, and, similar to A-type CpG ODNs, they trigger the TLR9?MyD88?IRF7 pathway of type I IFN production without inducing pDC maturation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
stoichiometry:c153 : 1
m1617*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TAK1 triggers the activation of NF?kappaB and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and, together with IRF5, leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. PMID: 18641647 Interestingly, when A-type CpG ODNs are disrupted into monomeric structures, they fail to be retained in the early endosome and to induce high amounts of type I IFN production, but instead rapidly traffic to late endosomes and induce maturation and production of IL-6 and TNF. PMID: 18641647 This presumably activates a different set of signal mediators, particularly NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) and probably MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and IRF5, and thereby leads to distinct outcomes of pDC activation without high levels of IFN production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Overall, this pathway potently induces the production of high levels of type I IFNs (such as IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNlambda and IFNomega), pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. PMID: 18641647 Interestingly, when A-type CpG ODNs are disrupted into monomeric structures, they fail to be retained in the early endosome and to induce high amounts of type I IFN production, but instead rapidly traffic to late endosomes and induce maturation and production of IL-6 and TNF. PMID: 18641647, 11160284, 11561001, 7700380 On the other hand, B-type CpG ODNs can activate B cells but only trigger pDCs to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, and small amounts of IFN, as well as inducing the upregulation of CD80, CD86 and the expression of MHC class II molecules.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m19940*m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR7 and TLR8 respond to guanosine- or uridine-rich singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and the synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds imiquimod and R?848.PMID: 18641647
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Overall, this pathway potently induces the production of high levels of type I IFNs (such as IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNlambda and IFNomega), pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. PMID: 18641647 Interestingly, when A-type CpG ODNs are disrupted into monomeric structures, they fail to be retained in the early endosome and to induce high amounts of type I IFN production, but instead rapidly traffic to late endosomes and induce maturation and production of IL-6 and TNF. PMID: 18641647, 11160284, 11561001, 7700380 On the other hand, B-type CpG ODNs can activate B cells but only trigger pDCs to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, and small amounts of IFN, as well as inducing the upregulation of CD80, CD86 and the expression of MHC class II molecules.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
stoichiometry:c160 : 1
m65*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Overall, this pathway potently induces the production of high levels of type I IFNs (such as IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNlambda and IFNomega), pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. PMID: 18641647 The TLR3?TRIF signalling pathway also activates NF?kappaB and MAPKs and results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86). PMID: 18641647, 11160284, 11561001, 7700380 On the other hand, B-type CpG ODNs can activate B cells but only trigger pDCs to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, and small amounts of IFN, as well as inducing the upregulation of CD80, CD86 and the expression of MHC class II molecules.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
stoichiometry:c161 : 1
m65*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Overall, this pathway potently induces the production of high levels of type I IFNs (such as IFNalpha, IFNbeta, IFNlambda and IFNomega), pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of co-stimulatory molecules. PMID: 18641647 The TLR3?TRIF signalling pathway also activates NF?kappaB and MAPKs and results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86). PMID: 18641647, 11160284, 11561001, 7700380 On the other hand, B-type CpG ODNs can activate B cells but only trigger pDCs to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, and small amounts of IFN, as well as inducing the upregulation of CD80, CD86 and the expression of MHC class II molecules.
p53
p53
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
m19305*m78*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Alternatively, the binding of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to endosomal TLR3 triggers a signalling pathway mediated by TRIF (Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein inducing IFNbeta), which involves TRAF3, TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) and IKKepsilon (inhibitor of NF?kappaB kinase epsilon). PMID: 18641647 By coupling with TRAF3, TBK1 and IKKepsilon, IPS1 directly activates IRF3 and NF?kappaB through FADD (FAS-associated via death domain), caspase?8 and caspase?10.
p54
p54
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
m977*m80*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Subsequent IRF3 activation leads to IFNbeta production.
p55
p55
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c424 : 1
stoichiometry:c435 : 1
stoichiometry:c437 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
m93217*m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Subsequent IRF3 activation leads to IFNbeta production. PMID: 18641647, 17993619 Last, P2Y receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, downregulate IFNalpha secretion by human pDCs following stimulation by nucleotides such as ATP, ADP and UDP-glucose. PMID: 18641647, 17993619 The nucleotides that bind to P2Y receptors are also known to be released and to accumulate at sites of cell stress and tissue damage. PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Activation of the BCR-like signalling pathway in pDCs potently suppresses the activation of both TLR7 and TLR9, inhibiting the production of all type I IFNs, as well as TNF and IL-6.
p56
p56
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
m16910*m19305*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 The TLR3?TRIF signalling pathway also activates NF?kappaB and MAPKs and results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86).
p57
p57
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
m69*m19305*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 The TLR3?TRIF signalling pathway also activates NF?kappaB and MAPKs and results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86).
p58
p58
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
m81*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 The dsRNA receptors RIG?I (retinoic-acid-inducible gene I), MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5) and LGP2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2) constitute the third nucleic-acid sensor system, exclusively located in the cytoplasm of most cells.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
m82*m76904*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 The dsRNA receptors RIG?I (retinoic-acid-inducible gene I), MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5) and LGP2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2) constitute the third nucleic-acid sensor system, exclusively located in the cytoplasm of most cells.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m19823*m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR7 and TLR8 respond to guanosine- or uridine-rich singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and the synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds imiquimod and R?848.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
m86*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 The dsRNA receptors RIG?I (retinoic-acid-inducible gene I), MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5) and LGP2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2) constitute the third nucleic-acid sensor system, exclusively located in the cytoplasm of most cells.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
m68199*m83*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 RIGI, MDA5 and LGP2 signal through a common adaptor molecule IPS1 (IFNB-promoter stimulator 1), which is associated with the mitochondria.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
m68199*m84*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 RIGI, MDA5 and LGP2 signal through a common adaptor molecule IPS1 (IFNB-promoter stimulator 1), which is associated with the mitochondria.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
m68199*m85*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 RIGI, MDA5 and LGP2 signal through a common adaptor molecule IPS1 (IFNB-promoter stimulator 1), which is associated with the mitochondria.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
m96*m78*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 By coupling with TRAF3, TBK1 and IKKepsilon, IPS1 directly activates IRF3 and NF?kappaB through FADD (FAS-associated via death domain), caspase8 and caspase10.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
stoichiometry:c199 : 1
stoichiometry:c200 : 1
m99*m100*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 By coupling with TRAF3, TBK1 and IKKepsilon, IPS1 directly activates IRF3 and NF?kappaB through FADD (FAS-associated via death domain), caspase8 and caspase10.
p66
p66
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c201 : 1
stoichiometry:c202 : 1
stoichiometry:c203 : 1
m101*m977*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 By coupling with TRAF3, TBK1 and IKKepsilon, IPS1 directly activates IRF3 and NF?kappaB through FADD (FAS-associated via death domain), caspase8 and caspase10.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c204 : 1
stoichiometry:c209 : 1
stoichiometry:c205 : 1
m36323*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17653195 First, a recently described molecule termed DNA-dependent activator of IRFs (DAI) has been shown in vitro to act as a cytosolic DNA sensor by binding dsDNA and signalling through TBK1 and IRF3 to activate NF-kappaB and induce type I IFN production.
p68
p68
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c206 : 1
stoichiometry:c208 : 1
stoichiometry:c207 : 1
m101*m102*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 By coupling with TRAF3, TBK1 and IKKepsilon, IPS1 directly activates IRF3 and NF?kappaB through FADD (FAS-associated via death domain), caspase8 and caspase10.
p69
p69
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c210 : 1
stoichiometry:c212 : 1
stoichiometry:c211 : 1
m3902*m103*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17653195 First, a recently described molecule termed DNA-dependent activator of IRFs (DAI) has been shown in vitro to act as a cytosolic DNA sensor by binding dsDNA and signalling through TBK1 and IRF3 to activate NF-kappaB and induce type I IFN production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m19828*m36*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 11130078, 11470918 TLR9 seems to detect ssDNA molecules that contain unmethylated CpG-containing motifs, which are commonly found in the genomes of viruses and bacteria.
p70
p70
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c213 : 1
stoichiometry:c215 : 1
stoichiometry:c214 : 1
m977*m104*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17653195 First, a recently described molecule termed DNA-dependent activator of IRFs (DAI) has been shown in vitro to act as a cytosolic DNA sensor by binding dsDNA and signalling through TBK1 and IRF3 to activate NF-kappaB and induce type I IFN production.
p71
p71
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c216 : 1
stoichiometry:c218 : 1
stoichiometry:c217 : 1
m102*m103*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17653195 First, a recently described molecule termed DNA-dependent activator of IRFs (DAI) has been shown in vitro to act as a cytosolic DNA sensor by binding dsDNA and signalling through TBK1 and IRF3 to activate NF-kappaB and induce type I IFN production.
p72
p72
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c220 : 1
stoichiometry:c221 : 1
stoichiometry:c392 : 1
stoichiometry:c439 : 1
stoichiometry:c219 : 1
m19324*m105*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17653195 First, a recently described molecule termed DNA-dependent activator of IRFs (DAI) has been shown in vitro to act as a cytosolic DNA sensor by binding dsDNA and signalling through TBK1 and IRF3 to activate NF-kappaB and induce type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 This ITAM-mediated pathway potently inhibits type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine production by pDCs in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Activation of the BCR-like signalling pathway in pDCs potently suppresses the activation of both TLR7 and TLR9, inhibiting the production of all type I IFNs, as well as TNF and IL-6.
p73
p73
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c222 : 1
stoichiometry:c224 : 1
stoichiometry:c225 : 1
stoichiometry:c223 : 1
m1055*m82*m107*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 18048689 For example, RNAs with short stem-loops can activate IFNinducible dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) in a 5'-triphosphate-dependent manner, independent of RIG-I.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c227 : 1
stoichiometry:c226 : 1
stoichiometry:c231 : 1
m36179*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17653195 In addition, activation of the ribonuclease L by 2¡ì,5¡ì-linked oligoadenylate leads to the production of small RNA cleavage products from self RNA, which then function to amplify antiviral IFN responses.
p75
p75
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c228 : 1
stoichiometry:c230 : 1
stoichiometry:c229 : 1
m109*m110*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17653195 In addition, activation of the ribonuclease L by 2¡ì,5¡ì-linked oligoadenylate leads to the production of small RNA cleavage products from self RNA, which then function to amplify antiviral IFN responses.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c232 : 1
stoichiometry:c233 : 1
m1636*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 11790540 In most cells, the production of IFN-alpha depends on type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) triggering by IFN-beta, which results in IRF7 induction.
p77
p77
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c234 : 1
stoichiometry:c235 : 1
stoichiometry:c236 : 1
m113*m112*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 11790540 In most cells, the production of IFN-alpha depends on type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) triggering by IFN-beta, which results in IRF7 induction.
p78
p78
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c238 : 1
stoichiometry:c394 : 1
stoichiometry:c239 : 1
stoichiometry:c434 : 1
stoichiometry:c237 : 1
m98717*m114*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 11790540 In most cells, the production of IFN-alpha depends on type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) triggering by IFN-beta, which results in IRF7 induction. PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 This ITAM-mediated pathway potently inhibits type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine production by pDCs in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Activation of the BCR-like signalling pathway in pDCs potently suppresses the activation of both TLR7 and TLR9, inhibiting the production of all type I IFNs, as well as TNF and IL-6.
p79
p79
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c241 : 1
stoichiometry:c240 : 1
m769*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17702615, 12538667 IRF8 can further amplify the IFN response during the second phase of type I IFN gene transcription in pDCs.
p8
p8
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m19940*m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR7 and TLR8 respond to guanosine- or uridine-rich singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and the synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds imiquimod and R?848.
p80
p80
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c242 : 1
stoichiometry:c243 : 1
stoichiometry:c266 : 1
stoichiometry:c244 : 1
m1572*m979*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF. PMID: 18641647, 15665823 However, IRF4 competes with IRF5, but not IRF7, to interact with MyD88, thereby negatively regulating cytokine production induced by TLR stimulation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c249 : 1
stoichiometry:c245 : 1
m115*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c250 : 1
stoichiometry:c246 : 1
m115*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c251 : 1
stoichiometry:c247 : 1
m115*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c252 : 1
stoichiometry:c248 : 1
m115*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c255 : 1
stoichiometry:c254 : 1
m115*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c253 : 1
stoichiometry:c256 : 1
m115*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c258 : 1
stoichiometry:c257 : 1
m115*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c260 : 1
stoichiometry:c259 : 1
m115*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c261 : 1
stoichiometry:c262 : 1
m115*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 17360658, 17513736, 15665823 Aside from IRF7, IRF5 directly interacts with MyD88 and mediates the TLR-dependent induction of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF.
p9
p9
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
m27*m19823*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 TLR7 and TLR8 respond to guanosine- or uridine-rich singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and the synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds imiquimod and R?848.
p90
p90
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c263 : 1
stoichiometry:c264 : 1
stoichiometry:c265 : 1
m978*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 15665823 However, IRF4 competes with IRF5, but not IRF7, to interact with MyD88, thereby negatively regulating cytokine production induced by TLR stimulation.
p91
p91
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c267 : 1
stoichiometry:c270 : 1
stoichiometry:c273 : 1
stoichiometry:c276 : 1
m117*m3965*m121*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Resting plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) predominantly express Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9, which reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in association with UNC93B and gp96. PMID: 18641647, 16415873, 17452530 The delivery of TLRs to endolysosomes and their subsequent proper activation requires UNC93B, an ER-resident transmembrane protein that can specifically interact with TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9.
p92
p92
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c268 : 1
stoichiometry:c271 : 1
stoichiometry:c274 : 1
stoichiometry:c277 : 1
m117*m19940*m121*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Resting plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) predominantly express Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9, which reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in association with UNC93B and gp96. PMID: 18641647, 16415873, 17452530 The delivery of TLRs to endolysosomes and their subsequent proper activation requires UNC93B, an ER-resident transmembrane protein that can specifically interact with TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9.
p93
p93
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c269 : 1
stoichiometry:c272 : 1
stoichiometry:c275 : 1
stoichiometry:c278 : 1
m117*m19828*m121*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Resting plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) predominantly express Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9, which reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in association with UNC93B and gp96. PMID: 18641647, 16415873, 17452530 The delivery of TLRs to endolysosomes and their subsequent proper activation requires UNC93B, an ER-resident transmembrane protein that can specifically interact with TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9.
p94
p94
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c279 : 1
stoichiometry:c393 : 1
stoichiometry:c436 : 1
stoichiometry:c280 : 1
m93217*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 16415873 The prolonged retention of multimeric A-type CpG ODNs provides a platform for extended activation of the signal-transducing complex, consisting of MyD88 and IRF7, which leads to robust type I IFN production. PMID: 18641647 This ITAM-mediated pathway potently inhibits type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine production by pDCs in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. PMID: 18641647, 16735691, 17850179 Activation of the BCR-like signalling pathway in pDCs potently suppresses the activation of both TLR7 and TLR9, inhibiting the production of all type I IFNs, as well as TNF and IL-6.
p95
p95
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c283 : 1
stoichiometry:c284 : 1
stoichiometry:c285 : 1
m230108*m134*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 The antimicrobial peptide LL37 is secreted by damaged epithelial cells or deposited by tissue-infiltrating neutrophils. It binds self-DNA fragments released by dying cells to form aggregated and condensed structures that are protected from extracellular nuclease degradation and delivered via lipid rafts from the extracellular environment into the early endosomes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c286 : 1
stoichiometry:c287 : 1
stoichiometry:c288 : 1
m135*m136*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Dying cells also release high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), which binds aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes and promotes their association with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in early endosomes by binding to RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products). PMID: 18641647 Interestingly, in contrast to LL37, HMGB1 can only bind multimeric aggregated DNA structures, such as A-type CpG ODNs, and not monomeric DNA sequences, such as B-type CpG ODNs.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c290 : 1
stoichiometry:c340 : 1
stoichiometry:c328 : 1
m138*m142*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Dying cells also release high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), which binds aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes and promotes their association with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in early endosomes by binding to RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products).
p98
p98
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c329 : 1
stoichiometry:c330 : 1
stoichiometry:c331 : 1
stoichiometry:c332 : 1
m139*m19828*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647 Dying cells also release high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), which binds aggregated self-DNA?LL37 complexes and promotes their association with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in early endosomes by binding to RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c282 : 1
stoichiometry:c291 : 1
m123*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18641647, 11160284, 11561001, 7700380 On the other hand, B-type CpG ODNs can activate B cells but only trigger pDCs to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6, and small amounts of IFN, as well as inducing the upregulation of CD80, CD86 and the expression of MHC class II molecules.
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--