Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Signalling adaptors used by Toll-like receptors: an update.
Affiliation
School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.kennyef@tcd.ie
Abstract
Research into the five Toll/IL1 receptor (TIR) adaptor proteins involved ininnate immunity continues to advance. Here we outline some of the more recentfindings. MyD88 has a key role in signalling by the IL1 receptor complex andTLRs. However, a MyD88-independent pathway of IL1beta signalling in neurons hasbeen described which involves the protein kinase Akt, and which has ananti-apoptotic effect. This pathway may also be important for the mechanismwhereby Alum exerts its adjuvant effect since this depends on IL1beta but isMyD88-independent. MyD88 is also involved in tumourigenesis in models ofhepatocarcinoma and familial associated polyposis (FAP); negative regulation ofTLR3 signalling and in PKCepsilon activation. The adaptor Mal is regulated byphosphorylation and caspase-1 cleavage. A variant form of Mal in humans termedS180L confers protection in multiple infectious diseases. TRAM is controlled bymyristoylation and phosphorylation and the localisation of TRAM with TLR4 toendosomes is required for activation of IRF3 and induction of IFNbeta. FinallySARM has been shown to regulate TRIF and also appears to be involved in neuronalinjury mediated by oxidative stress in mouse neurons. These advances confirm theimportance for the TIR domain-containing adapters in host defence andinflammation.
PMID
18706831
|
Entity
NF-kappaB
--
MO000000058
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
Src {activated}
--
MO000000085
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m77
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR001452 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000085 |
--
IkappaB-alpha{p}
--
MO000000220
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m190
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000220 |
--
IkappaB-alpha
--
MO000000233
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m199
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR002110 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000233 |
--
TNF-alpha
--
MO000000289
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m230
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR003636 |
TRANSPATH | MO000000289 |
--
IRF-3
--
MO000007694
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m977
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR008984 |
TRANSPATH | MO000007694 |
--
MyD88
--
MO000016573
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1572
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000157 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016573 |
--
PKCepsilon
--
MO000016645
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1629
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR000719 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016645 |
--
IFNgamma
--
MO000016665
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m1639
10
infinite
0
InterPro | IPR002069 |
TRANSPATH | MO000016665 |
--
dsRNA
--
MO000022224
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m119368
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000022224 |
--
IL-1beta:IL-1RI:IL-1RAcP:MyD88
--
MO000039096
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m17272
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000039096 |
--
IL-1beta:IL-1RII:IL-1RAcP
--
MO000039108
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m17284
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000039108 |
--
TRIF
--
MO000041125
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m18998
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041125 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3:TRIF
--
MO000041437
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19305
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041437 |
--
dsRNA:TLR3
--
MO000041446
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19314
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041446 |
--
IRF-3{p}
--
MO000041456
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m19324
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000041456 |
--
MAL {activated}
--
MO000068831
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m43675
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000068831 |
--
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2 ligand: TLR2: MAL {activated}
--
e11
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m11
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2 ligand
--
e12
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2 ligand: TLR2
--
e13
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL {activated}: MyD88
--
e16
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
TLR2 ligand: TLR2: MAL {activated} : MyD88
--
e17
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM {myristoylated}
--
e18
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM {myristoylated}: TRIF
--
e19
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL {activated}: MyD88: PKCepsilon
--
e20
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL {activated}: MyD88: PKCepsilon{p}
--
e21
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL {activated}: MyD88: PKCepsilon{p}: 14-3-3
--
e22
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL {activated}: MyD88: PKCepsilon{pS346}
--
e23
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
GSK
--
e25
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL {activated}: MyD88: PKCepsilon{pS346, p368}
--
e26
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL {activated}: MyD88: PKCepsilon{p350}
--
e27
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
TRAM{p}
--
e28
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
dynasore
--
e29
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
TRAM {myristoylated}
--
e30
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m32
0
infinite
0
--
TRAM {myristoylated}
--
e31
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
--
e32
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
--
e33
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
--
e34
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Endosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM {myristoylated}
--
e35
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: TRAM {myristoylated}: TRIF: TRAF3
--
e36
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_EndosomeLumen
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
NF-kappaB {activated}
--
e37
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000058 |
--
SARM
--
e38
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m41
0
infinite
0
--
TRIF: SARM
--
e39
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
JNK3
--
e40
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
SARM: JNK3
--
e41
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
RIG 1
--
e43
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: RIG 1
--
e44
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: MDA-5
--
e45
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: RIG 1: IPS1
--
e46
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
dsRNA: MDA-5: IPS1
--
e47
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m63
0
infinite
0
--
AP-1 {activated}
--
e48
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_CellComponent
--
csml-variable:Double
m64
10
infinite
0
TRANSPATH | MO000000276 |
--
csml-variable:Double
m65
10
infinite
0
Ensembl | ENSG00000147877 |
HGNC | IFNA7 |
OMIM | 147567 |
Proteome | HumanPSD/IFNA7 |
RefSeq | NM_021057 |
TRANSFAC | G000306 |
Unigene | Hs.282274 |
--
LPS: TLR4
--
e5
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
LPS: TLR4: MAL {activated}
--
e6
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m6
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1RII:IL-1RAcP
--
e63
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m67
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1beta:IL-1RII{p}:IL-1RAcP
--
e64
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m68
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1beta:IL-1RII{p}:IL-1RAcP: PI3K
--
e65
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m69
0
infinite
0
--
diethylnitrosamine
--
e67
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m72
0
infinite
0
--
Estrogen
--
e68
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m73
0
infinite
0
--
YVAD-Cmk
--
e69
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m75
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
Pam3Cys
--
e71
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m78
0
infinite
0
--
NLR
--
e72
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m79
0
infinite
0
--
Nalp3
--
e73
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m80
0
infinite
0
--
Nalp3: NLR
--
e74
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m81
0
infinite
0
--
lipid A
--
e75
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m82
0
infinite
0
--
CCL3
--
e76
cso30:c:mRNA
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m83
0
infinite
0
--
CCL3
--
e77
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m84
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m85
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m86
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
p1
p1
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m155666*m3961*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16166516 TLR4 signalling therefore involves all four adaptor proteins with MyD88/Mal believed to be involved in the early LPS responses and TRIF/TRAM pathway initiated at a later stage.
p10
p10
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
m19314*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 TLR3 uses the adaptor TRIF to signal in response to double-stranded RNA. PMID: 18706831 As it contains a TIR domain it binds directly to the TIR domain of TRIF thus blocking the interaction of TRIF with TLR3 or TRAM in the case of TLR4 signalling.
p11
p11
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
m5*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 12855817 In TLR4 signalling TRIF is coupled to TLR4 through the bridging adaptor TRAM. PMID: 18706831, 16603631 It is regulated by myristoylation [34], which is required to localise it to the plasma membrane, and as stated in Section 2.2 it is also regulated by PKCepsilon.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
m18998*m37*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 12855817 In TLR4 signalling TRIF is coupled to TLR4 through the bridging adaptor TRAM. PMID: 18706831, 18222170 One study published stated that stimulation with LPS led to TLR4 and TRAM co-localisation at the plasma membrane and also recruited TRIF. PMID: 18706831 This LPS stimulation then caused co-translocation of TRAM and TLR4 to endosomes where TRAF3 was recruited to TRIF allowing the activation of IFNbeta. PMID: 18706831 As it contains a TIR domain it binds directly to the TIR domain of TRIF thus blocking the interaction of TRIF with TLR3 or TRAM in the case of TLR4 signalling.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m1629*m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The interaction between MyD88 and PKCepsilon leads its phosphorylation allowing it to interact with TLR4 and 14-3-3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m22*m66*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The interaction between MyD88 and PKCepsilon leads its phosphorylation allowing it to interact with TLR4 and 14-3-3. PMID: 18706831, 18237277 These sites must be phosphorylated to allow the kinase to interact with 14-3-3 and induce downstream signals.
p16
p16
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
m567*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 This is initiated however by the phosphorylation of S350 by the gamma/delta isoforms of p-38.
p17
p17
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c225 : 1
m1870*m20*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 This is initiated however by the phosphorylation of S350 by the gamma/delta isoforms of p-38.
p18
p18
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m92*m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 PKCepsilon is phosphorylated on S346 by glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) and S368 by PKC.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
m26*m29*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 PKCepsilon is phosphorylated on S346 by glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) and S368 by PKC.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
m5*m43675*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 12447441 Mal acts a bridging adaptor for MyD88, but only in the context of TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation.
p21
p21
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
m19005*m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 A key target for PKC¦Å is TRAM, which is required for TLR4 to signal IRF3 activation via TRIF. PMID: 18706831, 16757566 TRAM undergoes phosphorylation by PKCepsilon on serine 16 and this is required for TLR4 to signal.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
m30*m23*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16603631 It is regulated by myristoylation [34], which is required to localise it to the plasma membrane, and as stated in Section 2.2 it is also regulated by PKCepsilon.
p23
p23
cso30:i:ME_Translocation
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
m32*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16603631 It is regulated by myristoylation [34], which is required to localise it to the plasma membrane, and as stated in Section 2.2 it is also regulated by PKCepsilon.
p24
p24
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
stoichiometry:c108 : 1
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
m977*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The ability of TRIF/TRAM to lead to the phosphorylation of IRF3 with subsequent induction of IFNbeta and RANTES was blocked in the presence of dynasore indicating TLR4 must be endocytosed to activate the TRIF-dependent pathway. PMID: 18706831 This interaction prevents the activation of IRF3, IRF7, NFkappaB and apoptosis by TRIF.
p25
p25
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
stoichiometry:c107 : 1
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
m977*m19305*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 This interaction prevents the activation of IRF3, IRF7, NFkappaB and apoptosis by TRIF.
p26
p26
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The ability of TRIF/TRAM to lead to the phosphorylation of IRF3 with subsequent induction of IFNbeta and RANTES was blocked in the presence of dynasore indicating TLR4 must be endocytosed to activate the TRIF-dependent pathway.
p27
p27
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
m19324*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The ability of TRIF/TRAM to lead to the phosphorylation of IRF3 with subsequent induction of IFNbeta and RANTES was blocked in the presence of dynasore indicating TLR4 must be endocytosed to activate the TRIF-dependent pathway.
p28
p28
cso30:i:ME_Translocation
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 This LPS stimulation then caused co-translocation of TRAM and TLR4 to endosomes where TRAF3 was recruited to TRIF allowing the activation of IFNbeta.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
m19*m1872*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 This LPS stimulation then caused co-translocation of TRAM and TLR4 to endosomes where TRAF3 was recruited to TRIF allowing the activation of IFNbeta.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
m3964*m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 12447441 Mal acts a bridging adaptor for MyD88, but only in the context of TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation.
p30
p30
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
stoichiometry:c189 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
m39*m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 Mal is recruited to TLR4 to initiate the MyD88-dependent pathway at the plasma membrane leading to NFkappaB activation. PMID: 18706831 The caspase-1 inhibitor YVAD-Cmk prevented NFkappaB activation in response to LPS and phosphorylation of p-38 in response to Pam3Cys linking caspase-1 activity to both these TLRs.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
m18998*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 As it contains a TIR domain it binds directly to the TIR domain of TRIF thus blocking the interaction of TRIF with TLR3 or TRAM in the case of TLR4 signalling.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 It found that SARM protein levels but not mRNA levels were greatly upregulated after LPS stimulation.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c96 : 1
m43*m41*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 SARM was then shown to interact with JNK3, which is involved in neuronal cell death during stress, and this interaction became more pronounced after induction of stress through UV light. PMID: 18706831 It binds the membrane via its ARM domain and recruits JNK3 to mitochondria when the cell is stressed. This leads to the activation of cell death.
PMID: 18706831 SARM was then shown to interact with JNK3, which is involved in neuronal cell death during stress, and this interaction became more pronounced after induction of stress through UV light.
p35
p35
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
m39*m19305*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 This interaction prevents the activation of IRF3, IRF7, NFkappaB and apoptosis by TRIF.
p36
p36
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c102 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
stoichiometry:c103 : 1
m980*m19305*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 This interaction prevents the activation of IRF3, IRF7, NFkappaB and apoptosis by TRIF.
p37
p37
cso30:i:CE_CellDeath
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c109 : 1
stoichiometry:c110 : 1
m19305*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 This interaction prevents the activation of IRF3, IRF7, NFkappaB and apoptosis by TRIF.
p38
p38
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c111 : 1
stoichiometry:c113 : 1
stoichiometry:c112 : 1
m39*m19*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The downstream effect of TRAM is the activation of IRF3 and late activation of NFkappaB. PMID: 18706831 This interaction prevents the activation of IRF3, IRF7, NFkappaB and apoptosis by TRIF.
p39
p39
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c114 : 1
stoichiometry:c116 : 1
stoichiometry:c118 : 1
m46*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 These receptors are found in the cytoplasm and are crucial for binding dsRNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
m43675*m13*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 12447441 Mal acts a bridging adaptor for MyD88, but only in the context of TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation.
p40
p40
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c115 : 1
stoichiometry:c117 : 1
stoichiometry:c119 : 1
m76904*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 These receptors are found in the cytoplasm and are crucial for binding dsRNA.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c120 : 1
stoichiometry:c121 : 1
stoichiometry:c122 : 1
m68199*m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 IPS1 is the downstream adaptor used by the receptors Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG I) and Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (Mda5).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c123 : 1
stoichiometry:c124 : 1
stoichiometry:c125 : 1
m68199*m48*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 IPS1 is the downstream adaptor used by the receptors Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG I) and Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (Mda5).
p43
p43
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c126 : 1
stoichiometry:c130 : 1
stoichiometry:c127 : 1
m977*m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16410796 IPS1 is then recruited to activate the transcription factors IRF3, NFkappaB and AP1.
p44
p44
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c128 : 1
stoichiometry:c131 : 1
stoichiometry:c129 : 1
m977*m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16410796 IPS1 is then recruited to activate the transcription factors IRF3, NFkappaB and AP1.
p45
p45
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c132 : 1
stoichiometry:c136 : 1
stoichiometry:c133 : 1
m219*m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16410796 IPS1 is then recruited to activate the transcription factors IRF3, NFkappaB and AP1.
p46
p46
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c134 : 1
stoichiometry:c137 : 1
stoichiometry:c135 : 1
m219*m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16410796 IPS1 is then recruited to activate the transcription factors IRF3, NFkappaB and AP1.
p47
p47
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c138 : 1
stoichiometry:c143 : 1
stoichiometry:c139 : 1
m39*m63*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16410796 IPS1 is then recruited to activate the transcription factors IRF3, NFkappaB and AP1.
p48
p48
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c140 : 1
stoichiometry:c142 : 1
stoichiometry:c141 : 1
m39*m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16410796 IPS1 is then recruited to activate the transcription factors IRF3, NFkappaB and AP1.
p49
p49
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c144 : 1
stoichiometry:c149 : 1
stoichiometry:c146 : 1
m93423*m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 Both were also required for the increase in Ag-specific CD8+ T cell activation and hence IFNgamma production.
p5
p5
cso30:i:ME_ProteinCleavage
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
stoichiometry:c188 : 1
stoichiometry:c197 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
m14*m1765*m81*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 Caspase-1 cleaves Mal on aspartic acid 198 releasing a 4 kDa fragment of Mal from the C-terminus. This cleavage of Mal is required for activation of the TLR2 or TLR4 MyD88-dependent pathway. PMID: 18706831 Treatment of Mal with caspase-1 led to the cleavage of Mal at this position and this cleavage could be blocked with the caspase-1 inhibitor. PMID: 18706831 This finding therefore points to an important synergy between TLRs and NLRs that activate caspase-1. Activation of NLRs such as Nalp3 will therefore potentiate signalling by TLR2 and TLR4 via cleavage of Mal.
p50
p50
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c145 : 1
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c147 : 1
m93423*m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 Both were also required for the increase in Ag-specific CD8+ T cell activation and hence IFNgamma production.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c150 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 At the mRNA level the IPS1-deficient mice showed a marked reduction in the expression of many cytokines including IFNalpha and beta, RANTES and IL6.
p52
p52
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c163 : 1
stoichiometry:c162 : 1
stoichiometry:c164 : 1
m1591*m67*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 Stimulation of the IL1RI/IL1RAcP complex by IL1beta leads to the activation of two signalling pathways in neurons.
p53
p53
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c165 : 1
stoichiometry:c166 : 1
stoichiometry:c167 : 1
m17284*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The first involves MyD88-dependent induction of Src resulting in an inflammatory response.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c152 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 At the mRNA level the IPS1-deficient mice showed a marked reduction in the expression of many cytokines including IFNalpha and beta, RANTES and IL6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c154 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 At the mRNA level the IPS1-deficient mice showed a marked reduction in the expression of many cytokines including IFNalpha and beta, RANTES and IL6.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c156 : 1
m49*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 At the mRNA level the IPS1-deficient mice showed a marked reduction in the expression of many cytokines including IFNalpha and beta, RANTES and IL6.
p57
p57
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c158 : 1
stoichiometry:c155 : 1
m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 mRNA from the TRIF-deficient mice also showed a decrease in expression of these cytokines but not to the same extent as IPS1.
p58
p58
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c159 : 1
stoichiometry:c157 : 1
m18998*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 mRNA from the TRIF-deficient mice also showed a decrease in expression of these cytokines but not to the same extent as IPS1.
p59
p59
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c169 : 1
stoichiometry:c168 : 1
m17272*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The first involves MyD88-dependent induction of Src resulting in an inflammatory response.
p6
p6
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
m367*m14*m155666*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 Mal becomes phosphorylated on tyrosine 86 and 106 by Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk). The phosphorylation of Mal on tyrosine 86, 106 and 159 has been shown to be central to activation of Mal signalling. PMID: 18706831, 16439361, 18070880 Two separate studies have reported that LPS induces phosphorylation of Mal on tyrosine 86, 106 and 159.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c170 : 1
stoichiometry:c171 : 1
m21*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16771830 Src activation leads to induction of cyclooxygenase (COX) and interleukin 6 (IL6) among other molecules.
p61
p61
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c174 : 1
stoichiometry:c172 : 1
m77*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16771830 Src activation leads to induction of cyclooxygenase (COX) and interleukin 6 (IL6) among other molecules.
p62
p62
cso30:i:ME_GeneExpression
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c175 : 1
stoichiometry:c173 : 1
m77*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 16771830 Src activation leads to induction of cyclooxygenase (COX) and interleukin 6 (IL6) among other molecules.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c178 : 1
stoichiometry:c179 : 1
stoichiometry:c180 : 1
m68*m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The second involves MyD88-independent activation of Akt by PI3-kinase which binds directly to the IL1RI when the receptor is phosphorylated. PMID: 18706831 It was revealed that the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase binds directly to IL1RI when the receptor is phosphorylated leading to the activation of Akt in the absence of MyD88.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c176 : 1
stoichiometry:c177 : 1
m17284*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The second involves MyD88-independent activation of Akt by PI3-kinase which binds directly to the IL1RI when the receptor is phosphorylated. PMID: 18706831 It was revealed that the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase binds directly to IL1RI when the receptor is phosphorylated leading to the activation of Akt in the absence of MyD88.
p65
p65
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c181 : 1
stoichiometry:c182 : 1
stoichiometry:c183 : 1
m69*m70*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The second involves MyD88-independent activation of Akt by PI3-kinase which binds directly to the IL1RI when the receptor is phosphorylated. PMID: 18706831 It was revealed that the p85 subunit of PI3-kinase binds directly to IL1RI when the receptor is phosphorylated leading to the activation of Akt in the absence of MyD88.
p66
p66
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c184 : 1
stoichiometry:c185 : 1
stoichiometry:c187 : 1
stoichiometry:c219 : 1
stoichiometry:c186 : 1
m72*m93248*m182*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 Male mice treated with the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine had higher IL6 production than female mice. This IL6 production in males is dependent on IKKbeta and is produced mainly by Kupffer cells in the liver. PMID: 18706831 Estrogens act as inhibitors of IL6 production in female Kupffer cells hence less female mice developed the cancer.
p67
p67
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c190 : 1
stoichiometry:c191 : 1
stoichiometry:c193 : 1
stoichiometry:c192 : 1
m74*m78*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The caspase-1 inhibitor YVAD-Cmk prevented NFkappaB activation in response to LPS and phosphorylation of p-38 in response to Pam3Cys linking caspase-1 activity to both these TLRs.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c194 : 1
stoichiometry:c195 : 1
stoichiometry:c196 : 1
m80*m79*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 This finding therefore points to an important synergy between TLRs and NLRs that activate caspase-1. Activation of NLRs such as Nalp3 will therefore potentiate signalling by TLR2 and TLR4 via cleavage of Mal.
p69
p69
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c199 : 1
stoichiometry:c200 : 1
stoichiometry:c209 : 1
stoichiometry:c211 : 1
stoichiometry:c198 : 1
m93309*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 17785847 In a recent study cells tolerised with lipid A for 24 h then restimulated with lipid A over several time points showed, as expected, a marked time-dependent decrease in TNFalpha and CCL3 production in comparison to non-tolerised cells. PMID: 18706831 The tolerance-induced downregulation of TNFalpha and CCL3 was significantly reduced in the absence of both TRIF and IRF3.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m6*m1572*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 12447441 Mal acts a bridging adaptor for MyD88, but only in the context of TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation.
p70
p70
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c203 : 1
stoichiometry:c202 : 1
stoichiometry:c208 : 1
stoichiometry:c210 : 1
stoichiometry:c201 : 1
m83*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 17785847 In a recent study cells tolerised with lipid A for 24 h then restimulated with lipid A over several time points showed, as expected, a marked time-dependent decrease in TNFalpha and CCL3 production in comparison to non-tolerised cells. PMID: 18706831 The tolerance-induced downregulation of TNFalpha and CCL3 was significantly reduced in the absence of both TRIF and IRF3.
p71
p71
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c206 : 1
stoichiometry:c223 : 1
stoichiometry:c205 : 1
m82*m94230*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 Conversely IFNbeta and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 were upregulated upon restimulation.
p72
p72
cso30:i:ME_Translation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c207 : 1
stoichiometry:c224 : 1
stoichiometry:c204 : 1
m82*m93217*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 Conversely IFNbeta and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 were upregulated upon restimulation.
p73
p73
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c212 : 1
stoichiometry:c214 : 1
stoichiometry:c213 : 1
m199*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The tolerised cells displayed inhibition of I§ÜB¦Á phosphorylation and decreased binding of RelA to the TNFalpha gene promoter demonstrating defective NFkappaB activity.
p74
p74
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c215 : 1
stoichiometry:c217 : 1
stoichiometry:c218 : 1
stoichiometry:c216 : 1
m166*m86*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 The tolerised cells displayed inhibition of I§ÜB¦Á phosphorylation and decreased binding of RelA to the TNFalpha gene promoter demonstrating defective NFkappaB activity.
p75
p75
cso30:i:ME_Phosphorylation
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c220 : 1
stoichiometry:c222 : 1
stoichiometry:c221 : 1
m1357*m82*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 However, an upregulation of STAT1 phosphorylation was observed demonstrating intact STAT1 activity.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m1572*m11*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831, 12447441 Mal acts a bridging adaptor for MyD88, but only in the context of TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation.
p9
p9
cso30:i:ME_Binding
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
stoichiometry:c27 : 1
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
m3965*m119368*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 18706831 TLR3 uses the adaptor TRIF to signal in response to double-stranded RNA.
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--