Original Literature | Model OverView |
---|---|
Publication
Title
Afferent pathways of pyrogen signaling.
Affiliation
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163,USA. blatteis@physiol.utmem.edu
Abstract
We and others recently showed that fever induced by intravenously orintraperitoneally injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may involve brain signalingvia hepatic vagal afferents. This suggests that LPS fever may be initiated bymediators released mainly by cells in the liver, presumably macrophages (Kupffercells, Kc). To verify this possibility, we disabled the Kc of conscious guineapigs with gadolinium chloride and monitored their core temperature andassociated preoptic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) responses to i.v. LPS. Gadoliniumchloride pretreatment significantly attenuated both the febrile and PGE2 rises,thus supporting the hypothesis. Additionally, fluorescein-labeled LPS wasdetected in Kc 15 minutes after its i.v. administration. Paradoxically, however,the label was also present in gadolinium chloride-pretreated guinea pigs. Thus,either Kc are not the primary source of pyrogenic mediators or LPS does notprovide the stimulus for their production. Because the i.v. injection of LPSelicits virtually immediately the production of complement fragments, and Kcexpress their receptors and produce various mediators on their activation, wehypocomplemented guinea pigs with cobra venom factor. The core temperature risesproduced by i.v. LPS were reduced by complement depletions > 60%. LPS i.v. perse decreased complement, that is, complement was consumed by 12% within 10minutes. Thus, the onset of LPS fever may involve complement system and Kcactivation, but their precise roles await clarification.
PMID
9917870
|
Entity
--
e1
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m1
0
infinite
0
--
--
e10
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m10
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m12
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m13
0
infinite
0
--
IL-1beta
--
e14
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m14
0
infinite
0
--
IL-6
--
e15
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m15
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m16
0
infinite
0
--
COX-2
--
e17
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m17
0
infinite
0
--
PGE2
--
e18
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m18
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m19
0
infinite
0
--
--
e2
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_ExternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m2
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m20
0
infinite
0
--
C-FOS
--
e21
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m21
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m22
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m23
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m24
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m25
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m26
0
infinite
0
--
cPLA2
--
e27
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m27
0
infinite
0
--
cPLA{active}
--
e28
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m28
0
infinite
0
--
Phopholipids
--
e29
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m29
0
infinite
0
--
--
e3
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m3
0
infinite
0
--
arachidonic acid
--
e30
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m30
0
infinite
0
--
C3a
--
e31
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m31
0
infinite
0
--
complement
--
e33
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m33
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m34
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m35
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m36
0
infinite
0
--
Phosphoinositide
--
e37
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m37
0
infinite
0
--
cox1
--
e38
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m38
0
infinite
0
--
PI-PLC{active}
--
e39
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Cytosol
--
csml-variable:Double
m39
0
infinite
0
--
--
e4
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_InternalSideOfPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m4
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m40
0
infinite
0
--
C5b-9
--
e42
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m42
0
infinite
0
--
csml-variable:Double
m43
0
infinite
0
--
complement{active}
--
e44
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m44
0
infinite
0
--
C components
--
e45
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m45
0
infinite
0
--
C component receptor
--
e46
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m46
0
infinite
0
--
C component receptor: C components
--
e47
cso30:c:Complex
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
csml-variable:Double
m47
0
infinite
0
--
PGE2 receptors
--
e48
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m48
0
infinite
0
--
PGE2: PGE2 receptors
--
e49
cso30:c:Protein
cso30:i:CC_PlasmaMembrane_IntegralToPlasmaMembrane_
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m49
0
infinite
0
--
LPS
--
e5
cso30:c:SmallMolecule
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
csml-variable:Double
m5
0
infinite
0
--
--
e50
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelopeLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m50
0
infinite
0
--
--
e51
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearPore
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m51
0
infinite
0
--
--
e52
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearInnerMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m52
0
infinite
0
--
--
e53
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearLumen
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m53
0
infinite
0
--
--
e54
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearOuterMembrane
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m54
0
infinite
0
--
--
e55
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m55
0
infinite
0
--
--
e56
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m56
0
infinite
0
--
--
e57
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearBody
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m57
0
infinite
0
--
--
e58
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Nucleolus
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m58
0
infinite
0
--
--
e59
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearEnvelope
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m59
0
infinite
0
--
--
e60
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Chromatin
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m60
0
infinite
0
--
--
e61
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearChromosome
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m61
0
infinite
0
--
--
e62
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_NuclearCentromere
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m62
0
infinite
0
--
--
e7
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m7
0
infinite
0
--
--
e8
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cell_WithoutCellWall_
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m8
0
infinite
0
--
--
e9
cso30:c:EntityBiologicalCompartment
cso30:i:CC_Cytoplasm
--
--
--
csml-variable:Double
m9
0
infinite
0
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c2 : 1
stoichiometry:c18 : 1
stoichiometry:c4 : 1
m13*m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 8376546 LPS, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha induce IL-1beta and IL-6 production in brain microvessel endothelial cells and smooth muscle/pericytes invitro.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c28 : 1
stoichiometry:c34 : 1
stoichiometry:c26 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 1539653 The microinjection into the OVLT region of the COX inhibitor indomethacin abrogates the rise in intra-OVLT (and intra-POA) PGE2 levels induced by iv IL-1beta.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c29 : 1
stoichiometry:c31 : 1
stoichiometry:c30 : 1
m20*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 8835720, 8593576 c-fos and COX-2 are induced in microglia along blood vessels in the OVLT region and its adjacent meninges after iv LPS.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c32 : 1
stoichiometry:c33 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 7864854 Although Kc synthesize IL-1 mRNA in vitro within 30 minutes after LPS treatment , they apparently are unable to secret its biologically active, mature form.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c71 : 1
stoichiometry:c35 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 7914071 PGE1EP1 receptors are reportedly upregulated in the OVLT region after iv IL-1beta.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c36 : 1
stoichiometry:c38 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 99178790, 8027674, 7957239 In fact, LPS and IL-1beta stimulate the increased production of CPLA2 after some hours by inducing post-transcriptional modifications and de novo synthesis.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c17 : 1
stoichiometry:c39 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 99178790, 8027674, 7957239 In fact, LPS and IL-1beta stimulate the increased production of CPLA2 after some hours by inducing post-transcriptional modifications and de novo synthesis.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c47 : 1
stoichiometry:c82 : 1
m47*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 These cells (Kc) are thereby stimulated to quickly release one or more mediators (that may include PGE2) which, in turn bind to their receptors on nearby terminals of hepatic vagal branches.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c42 : 1
stoichiometry:c43 : 1
stoichiometry:c44 : 1
m5*m27*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 However, LPS induced synthesis of PGE2 by macrophages is considerabloe delayed relative to its prompt appearance in blood , due to the slow activation by LPS of the cPLA2 that triggers the releaseof arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids , on the one hand and the induction of COX-2 that selectively mediates the conversion of archidonic acid liberated in response to LPS into PGE2, on the ohter, as reviewed earlier.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c81 : 1
stoichiometry:c86 : 1
m24*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 99178790, 8027674, 7957239 In fact, LPS and IL-1beta stimulate the increased production of CPLA2 after some hours by inducing post-transcriptional modifications and de novo synthesis.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c48 : 1
stoichiometry:c50 : 1
stoichiometry:c49 : 1
m16*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 However, LPS induced synthesis of PGE2 by macrophages is considerabloe delayed relative to its prompt appearance in blood , due to the slow activation by LPS of the cPLA2 that triggers the releaseof arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids , on the one hand and the induction of COX-2 that selectively mediates the conversion of archidonic acid liberated in response to LPS into PGE2, on the ohter, as reviewed earlier.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c1 : 1
stoichiometry:c3 : 1
m12*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 8376546 LPS, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha induce IL-1beta and IL-6 production in brain microvessel endothelial cells and smooth muscle/pericytes invitro.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c53 : 1
stoichiometry:c40 : 1
stoichiometry:c51 : 1
m17*m30*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 However, LPS induced synthesis of PGE2 by macrophages is considerabloe delayed relative to its prompt appearance in blood , due to the slow activation by LPS of the cPLA2 that triggers the releaseof arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids , on the one hand and the induction of COX-2 that selectively mediates the conversion of archidonic acid liberated in response to LPS into PGE2, on the ohter, as reviewed earlier.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c55 : 1
stoichiometry:c56 : 1
m31*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 8244278 C3a dose dependently stimulates PGE2 production by Kc within 2 minutes.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c57 : 1
stoichiometry:c59 : 1
m43*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 6432907 C5a and C5b-9 also potently stimulate macrophage PGE2 synthesis.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c58 : 1
stoichiometry:c60 : 1
m42*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 6432907 C5a and C5b-9 also potently stimulate macrophage PGE2 synthesis.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c73 : 1
stoichiometry:c75 : 1
stoichiometry:c74 : 1
m30*m38*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 The subsequent conversion of this arachidonic acid to PGE2 is catalyzed by constitutive COX-1.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c61 : 1
stoichiometry:c63 : 1
stoichiometry:c64 : 1
stoichiometry:c62 : 1
m12*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 3148653 PGE2 inhibits the LPS induced synthesis of Il-1beta and TNF-alpha in Kuppfer cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c65 : 1
stoichiometry:c67 : 1
stoichiometry:c68 : 1
stoichiometry:c66 : 1
m34*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 3148653 PGE2 inhibits the LPS induced synthesis of Il-1beta and TNF-alpha in Kuppfer cells
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c69 : 1
stoichiometry:c70 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 EP3 mRNA was recently found to be induced in the mouse in the nodose ganglion by systemis LPS and IL-1beta
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c11 : 1
stoichiometry:c72 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 EP3 mRNA was recently found to be induced in the mouse in the nodose ganglion by systemis LPS and IL-1beta
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c76 : 1
stoichiometry:c78 : 1
stoichiometry:c77 : 1
m37*m39*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 PGE2 under these conditions could be generated indirectly through the hydrolysis of membrane associated phosphoinositide (PI) by PI-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c5 : 1
stoichiometry:c9 : 1
stoichiometry:c7 : 1
m29*m28*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 However, LPS induced synthesis of PGE2 by macrophages is considerabloe delayed relative to its prompt appearance in blood , due to the slow activation by LPS of the cPLA2 that triggers the releaseof arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids , on the one hand and the induction of COX-2 that selectively mediates the conversion of archidonic acid liberated in response to LPS into PGE2, on the ohter, as reviewed earlier.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c79 : 1
stoichiometry:c25 : 1
stoichiometry:c80 : 1
m40*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 PI-PLC is activated by C.
p31
p31
cso30:i:ME_UnknownActivation
cso30:i:CC_Extracellular
--
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c83 : 1
stoichiometry:c84 : 1
stoichiometry:c85 : 1
m5*m33*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Our working hypothesis, therefore is that a single iv injection of a low , pyrogenic dose (2 microgram/kg) of LPS into concious guinea pigs activates C, generating C components that bind to their receptors on Kupffer cells (Kc).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c41 : 1
stoichiometry:c87 : 1
m44*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Our working hypothesis, therefore is that a single iv injection of a low , pyrogenic dose (2 microgram/kg) of LPS into concious guinea pigs activates C, generating C components that bind to their receptors on Kupffer cells (Kc).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c88 : 1
stoichiometry:c89 : 1
stoichiometry:c90 : 1
m46*m45*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Our working hypothesis, therefore is that a single iv injection of a low , pyrogenic dose (2 microgram/kg) of LPS into concious guinea pigs activates C, generating C components that bind to their receptors on Kupffer cells (Kc).
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c52 : 1
stoichiometry:c54 : 1
m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Circulating LPS, IL-1beta and PGE2 induce c-fos, IL-1RI and PGE2EP3 receptor expression respectively in the nodose ganglion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c93 : 1
stoichiometry:c94 : 1
stoichiometry:c95 : 1
m18*m48*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 These cells (Kc) are thereby stimulated to quickly release one or more mediators (that may include PGE2) which, in turn bind to their receptors on nearby terminals of hepatic vagal branches.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c92 : 1
stoichiometry:c98 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Circulating LPS, IL-1beta and PGE2 induce c-fos, IL-1RI and PGE2EP3 receptor expression respectively in the nodose ganglion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c10 : 1
stoichiometry:c99 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Circulating LPS, IL-1beta and PGE2 induce c-fos, IL-1RI and PGE2EP3 receptor expression respectively in the nodose ganglion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c46 : 1
stoichiometry:c100 : 1
m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Circulating LPS, IL-1beta and PGE2 induce c-fos, IL-1RI and PGE2EP3 receptor expression respectively in the nodose ganglion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c20 : 1
stoichiometry:c105 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Circulating LPS, IL-1beta and PGE2 induce c-fos, IL-1RI and PGE2EP3 receptor expression respectively in the nodose ganglion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c6 : 1
stoichiometry:c91 : 1
stoichiometry:c8 : 1
m12*m35*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 8376546 LPS, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha induce IL-1beta and IL-6 production in brain microvessel endothelial cells and smooth muscle/pericytes invitro.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c101 : 1
stoichiometry:c104 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Circulating LPS, IL-1beta and PGE2 induce c-fos, IL-1RI and PGE2EP3 receptor expression respectively in the nodose ganglion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c45 : 1
stoichiometry:c106 : 1
m18*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870 Circulating LPS, IL-1beta and PGE2 induce c-fos, IL-1RI and PGE2EP3 receptor expression respectively in the nodose ganglion.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c12 : 1
stoichiometry:c16 : 1
stoichiometry:c14 : 1
m13*m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 8376546 LPS, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha induce IL-1beta and IL-6 production in brain microvessel endothelial cells and smooth muscle/pericytes invitro.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c13 : 1
stoichiometry:c97 : 1
stoichiometry:c15 : 1
m13*m35*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 8376546 LPS, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha induce IL-1beta and IL-6 production in brain microvessel endothelial cells and smooth muscle/pericytes invitro.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c19 : 1
stoichiometry:c21 : 1
m5*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 9227582, 8724976, 8593576, 8891309 LPS or IL-beta injected iv or intraperitoneally (ip) induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in cerebral blood vessels.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c37 : 1
stoichiometry:c22 : 1
m14*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 9227582, 8724976, 8593576, 8891309 LPS or IL-beta injected iv or intraperitoneally (ip) induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in cerebral blood vessels.
--
and
mass
coefficient1:0.1
coefficient2:1.0
stoichiometry:c23 : 1
stoichiometry:c24 : 1
m16*0.1
nodelay
--
0
PMID: 9917870, 8835720, 8593576 c-fos and COX-2 are induced in microglia along blood vessels in the OVLT region and its adjacent meninges after iv LPS.
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputInhibitor
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:InputAssociation
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--
cso30:c:OutputProcess
threshold
--
0
1,
--